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{{ToBeEdited}}The word Tamas is commonly used to indicate Darkness in samskrit. Tamas (तमः) is one of the [[Trigunas (त्रिगुणाः)|Trigunas]]. It is also believed to be one of the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] (mind). Commonly, this term refers to not just the absence of light in external environment but some obstruction in mind or senses that inhibits an individual to gain real knowledge of the situation either internal or external. Therefore it is also used as synonym for terms that indicate ignorance or error. However it is the characteristic quality of manas or mind according to Ayurveda while mode of material energy according to other bharatiya shastras.   

The word Tamas is commonly used to indicate Darkness in samskrit. Tamas (तमः) is one of the [[Trigunas (त्रिगुणाः)|Trigunas]]. It is also believed to be one of the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] (mind). Commonly, this term refers to not just the absence of light in external environment but some obstruction in mind or senses that inhibits an individual to gain real knowledge of the situation either internal or external. Therefore it is also used as synonym for terms that indicate ignorance or error. However it is the characteristic quality of manas or mind according to Ayurveda while mode of material energy according to other bharatiya shastras.

  Know your Guna levels by taking the [http://ayurvedicprakriti.com/survey/home/ Guna-Dosha Survey here]

== भगवद्गीतावर्णितः तमोगुणः॥ Tamas according to Bhagvad gita ==

== भगवद्गीतावर्णितः तमोगुणः॥ Tamas according to Bhagvad gita ==

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are considered as 2 doshas of manas.  

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are considered as 2 doshas of manas.  

== मनसि तमोबाहुल्यलक्षणानि ॥ Signs of Tamas dominance in manas: ==

== मनसि तमोबाहुल्यलक्षणानि ॥ Signs of Tamas dominance in manas ==

When Tamas dosha overpowers sattva and rajas in manas, the person shows peculiar behavior. The mind, body, emotions and behavior of the person which hints towards Tamas dominance is described by Ayurveda acharyas as below.

When Tamas dosha overpowers sattva and rajas in manas, the person shows peculiar behavior. The mind, body, emotions and behavior of the person which hints towards Tamas predominance is described by Ayurveda acharyas as below.

<blockquote>तामसान्यज्ञानं विषादः प्रमादो निद्राऽऽलस्यं क्षुत्तृष्णाशोको मात्सर्यं विप्रतिपत्तिः परातिसन्धानं सत्त्वगुण वैपरीत्यं च॥ (Asht Samg 5.21)<ref name=":0">Ashtang Samgraha ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/esangraha/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 21])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tāmasānyajñānaṁ viṣādaḥ pramādo nidrā<nowiki>''</nowiki>lasyaṁ kṣuttr̥ṣṇāśoko mātsaryaṁ vipratipattiḥ parātisandhānaṁ sattvaguṇa-vaiparītyaṁ ca॥ (Asht Samg 5.21)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>  

<blockquote>तामसान्यज्ञानं विषादः प्रमादो निद्राऽऽलस्यं क्षुत्तृष्णाशोको मात्सर्यं विप्रतिपत्तिः परातिसन्धानं सत्त्वगुण वैपरीत्यं च॥ (Asht Samg 5.21)<ref name=":0">Ashtang Samgraha ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/esangraha/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 21])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tāmasānyajñānaṁ viṣādaḥ pramādo nidrā<nowiki>''</nowiki>lasyaṁ kṣuttr̥ṣṇāśoko mātsaryaṁ vipratipattiḥ parātisandhānaṁ sattvaguṇa-vaiparītyaṁ ca॥ (Asht Samg 5.21)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>  

Meaning: Delusion, Depression, errors or wrong decisions, sleepiness, laziness, excess hunger, excess thirst, grief, jealousy, erroneous perception, cheating behavior and everything that is opposite to virtue sattva in a human being is caused by Tamas dosha of mind.  

Meaning: Delusion, Depression, errors or wrong decisions, sleepiness, laziness, excess hunger, excess thirst, grief, jealousy, erroneous perception, cheating behavior and everything that is opposite to virtue sattva in a human being is caused by Tamas dosha of mind.  

== तामसिकप्रकृतिपुरुषस्य लक्षणानि॥ Tamasika prakrti signs ==

== तामसप्रकृतिपुरुषस्य लक्षणानि॥ Tamasika prakrti signs ==

[[Prakrti in Ayurveda (प्रकृतिः)|Prakrti]] refers to the specific body type/ nature/ constitution of the individual. Guna prakrti is the type of Prakrti which is related to one's psychological status, emotions and instincts. It can be called as mind-type of an individual. On the basis of dominance of Sattva, rajas or tamas in manas of purusha, the person's Guna prakrti is considered as either Sattvik, rajas or tamas. When the Tamas overpowers sattva and rajas in manas of an inidividual since birth that persons mind-type is called as Tamas prakrti. Acharya Sushruta has described the characteristics of such individual as below.

[[Prakrti in Ayurveda (प्रकृतिः)|Prakrti]] refers to the specific body type/ nature/ constitution of the individual. Guna prakrti is the type of Prakrti which is related to one's psychological status, emotions and instincts. It can be called as mind-type of an individual. On the basis of dominance of Sattva, rajas or tamas in manas of purusha, the person's Guna prakrti is considered as either Sattvik, rajas or tamas. When the Tamas overpowers sattva and rajas in manas of an inidividual since birth that persons mind-type is called as Tamas prakrti. Acharya Sushruta has described the characteristics of such individual as below.

== तामस मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Tamas dominance is intoxicated ==

== तामस मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Tamas dominance is intoxicated ==

Tamas mada is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described effects of intoxication due to excessively taken or inappropriately taken madyam (alcohol) or any other intoxicating drug. The state of such intoxication is considered abnormal and demands medical intervention. Ayurveda acharyas have also described the symptoms of such intoxication depending upon the dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas in manas of the intoxicated individual. This helps a vaidya to decide the line of treatment specific to that patient and helps to get that individual out of that state of misery quickly. The symptoms of intoxication in a person having tamas dominance are described by acharya Sushruta as below.<blockquote>अशौचनिद्रामात्सर्यागम्यागमनलोलताः।</blockquote><blockquote>असत्यभाषणं चापि कुर्याद्धि तामसे मदः॥ (Sush Samh 45.209)<ref name=":1">Sushrut Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutram 209])</ref></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>aśaucanidrāmātsaryāgamyāgamanalolatāḥ।</blockquote><blockquote>asatyabhāṣaṇaṁ cāpi kuryāddhi tāmase madaḥ॥ (Sush Samh 45.209)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>Meaning: Uncleanliness, sleepiness, jealousy, incest, greed, lying behavior is observed in intoxication in Tamasika individual or in Tamas mada.

Tamas mada is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described effects of intoxication due to excessively taken or inappropriately taken madyam (alcohol) or any other intoxicating drug. The state of such intoxication is considered abnormal and demands medical intervention. Ayurveda acharyas have also described the symptoms of such intoxication depending upon the dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas in manas of the intoxicated individual. This helps a vaidya to decide the line of treatment specific to that patient and helps to get that individual out of that state of misery quickly. The symptoms of intoxication in a person having tamas dominance are described by acharya Sushruta as below.<blockquote>अशौचनिद्रामात्सर्यागम्यागमनलोलताः। असत्यभाषणं चापि कुर्याद्धि तामसे मदः॥ (Sush Samh 45.209)<ref name=":1">Sushrut Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutram 209])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>aśaucanidrāmātsaryāgamyāgamanalolatāḥ। asatyabhāṣaṇaṁ cāpi kuryāddhi tāmase madaḥ॥ (Sush Samh 45.209)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>Meaning: Uncleanliness, sleepiness, jealousy, incest, greed, lying behavior is observed in intoxication in Tamasika individual or in Tamas mada.

== Rogas originating from Rajas dominance ==

== तमोबहुल्यजनिताः विकाराः ॥ Diseases originating from Tamas dominance ==

तयोर्विकाराः कामक्रोधलोभमोहेर्ष्यामानमदशोकचित्तो(न्तो)द्वेगभयहर्षादयः|

<blockquote>रजस्तमश्च मानसौ दोषौ । तयोर्विकाराः कामक्रोधलोभमोहेर्ष्यामानमदशोकचित्तो(न्तो)द्वेगभयहर्षादयः|...</blockquote><blockquote>....तत्र खल्वेषां द्वयानामपि दोषाणां त्रिविधं प्रकोपणं; तद्यथा- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति॥ (Char Samh 6.6.)<ref>Charak Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyayam 6 Sutram 6])</ref> </blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>rajastamaśca mānasau doṣau । tayorvikārāḥ kāmakrodhalobhamoherṣyāmānamadaśokacitto(nto)dvegabhayaharṣādayaḥ|...</blockquote><blockquote>....tatra khalveṣāṁ dvayānāmapi doṣāṇāṁ trividhaṁ prakopaṇaṁ; tadyathā- asātmyendriyārthasaṁyogaḥ, prajñāparādhaḥ, pariṇāmaśceti॥ (Char Samh 6.6.)</blockquote>

तत्र खल्वेषां द्वयानामपि दोषाणां त्रिविधं प्रकोपणं; तद्यथा- असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति||६|| Cha vi 6/6

Meaning: Rajas and Tamas are doshas of manas. The disorders caused by them are lust, anger, greed, delusion, jealousy, ego, intoxication, grief, stress, anxiety, fear and excitement etc. ...The causes for aggravation of these doshas are 3 viz. unwholesome contact with the object of senses, intellectual errors, and seasonal vagaries.

== Correlation of rajas and tamas ==

== रजस्तमसो अनुबन्धः ॥ Correlation between rajas and tamas ==

नियतस्त्वनुबन्धो रजस्तमसोः परस्परं, न ह्यरजस्कं तमः प्रवर्तते ^[१] ||९|| Cha vi 6/9

It is said that There exists a fixed relatioship between rajas and tamas as doshas of mind. This association or union between the 2 doshas of mind is eternal. Tamas can not manifest its actions without rajas. <blockquote>नियतस्त्वनुबन्धो रजस्तमसोः परस्परं, न ह्यरजस्कं तमः प्रवर्तते॥ (Char Samh 6.9)<ref>Charak Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyayam 6 Sutram 9)]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>niyatastvanubandho rajastamasoḥ parasparaṁ, na hyarajaskaṁ tamaḥ pravartate॥ (Char Samh 6.9)</blockquote>

== Role of Tamas in Moksha ==

== मोक्ष-तमसयोः संबंधः ॥ Role of Tamas in Moksha ==

मोक्षो रजस्तमोऽभावात् बलवत्कर्मसङ्क्षयात्|

[[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] is considered to be liberation of soul from mortal body and its union with the supreme consciousness. It is believed that purusha or soul is trapped in the mortal body and suffers from karmas. This bond of atma and shareera is because of trigunas as per Bhagvad Gita. <blockquote>सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणा: प्रकृतिसम्भवा: | निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote><blockquote>sattvaṁ rajastama iti guṇā: prakr̥tisambhavā: | nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinamavyayam ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote>Thus, when Ayurveda discusses about Atma, Karma and Moksha; acharyas have described the process of Moksha at the level of mind and soul. It is stated that Moksha  is achieved only after annihilation of effects of potent past actions/deeds and when there is absence of rajas and tamas in the mind. At this stage there is detachment of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|sharira]], [[Manas (मनः)|manas]], [[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|indriyas]] and [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atma]].

वियोगः सर्वसंयोगैरपुनर्भव उच्यते||१४२||  Cha  sha 1/142

<blockquote>मोक्षो रजस्तमोऽभावात् बलवत्कर्मसङ्क्षयात् | वियोगः सर्वसंयोगैरपुनर्भव उच्यते ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 142])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>mokṣo rajastamo'bhāvāt balavatkarmasaṅkṣayāt | viyogaḥ sarvasaṁyogairapunarbhava ucyate ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)</blockquote>

 

 

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