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Svasthavrtta (स्वस्थवृत्तम्) (view source)
Revision as of 17:57, 21 January 2022
, 17:57, 21 January 2022no edit summary
Prayojana (प्रयोजन । ) of Ayurveda means the aim of Ayurveda. All the ayurveda acharyas have clearly explained the aim of Ayurveda in their treatises.<blockquote>वत्स सुश्रुत! इह खल्वायुर्वेदप्रयोजनं- व्याध्युपसृष्टानां व्याधिपरिमोक्षः, स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ॥ (Sush. Samh. 1.14)<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=svasthasya Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 14])</ref></blockquote>Acharya Sushruta opines that, the aim of Ayurveda is व्याधिपरिमोक्षः । Vyadhiparimoksha i.e. to alleviate the suffering of a diseased individual by eradicating the disease and स्वास्थ्यरक्षणम् । Svasthyarakshan i.e to preserve the health of a healthy individual by preventing the diseases.<blockquote>प्रयोजनं चास्य स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणमातुरस्य विकारप्रशमनं च ॥ (Char. Samh. 30.26)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read&h=svAsthyara Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 30 Sutram 26])</ref></blockquote>Hence, it is clear that Ayurveda focuses on both the aspects of health namely, curative and preventive. The methods of achieving health and longevity by not just treating the diseases but also by prevention of the diseases, have been described in Ayurveda indicating supremacy and the wisdom of ancient Rshis.
Prayojana (प्रयोजन । ) of Ayurveda means the aim of Ayurveda. All the ayurveda acharyas have clearly explained the aim of Ayurveda in their treatises.<blockquote>वत्स सुश्रुत! इह खल्वायुर्वेदप्रयोजनं- व्याध्युपसृष्टानां व्याधिपरिमोक्षः, स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ॥ (Sush. Samh. 1.14)<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=svasthasya Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 14])</ref></blockquote>Acharya Sushruta opines that, the aim of Ayurveda is व्याधिपरिमोक्षः । Vyadhiparimoksha i.e. to alleviate the suffering of a diseased individual by eradicating the disease and स्वास्थ्यरक्षणम् । Svasthyarakshan i.e to preserve the health of a healthy individual by preventing the diseases.<blockquote>प्रयोजनं चास्य स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणमातुरस्य विकारप्रशमनं च ॥ (Char. Samh. 30.26)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read&h=svAsthyara Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 30 Sutram 26])</ref></blockquote>Hence, it is clear that Ayurveda focuses on both the aspects of health namely, curative and preventive. The methods of achieving health and longevity by not just treating the diseases but also by prevention of the diseases, have been described in Ayurveda indicating supremacy and the wisdom of ancient Rshis.
Acharya Charaka has frequently used the term Prakrti, Swasthya, Sukha, Arogya, Dhatusamya as synonyms of health. He stresses that disorder is disequilibrium of Dhatus and their equilibrium is health. Health is known as happiness while disorder is unhappiness.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 9 Sutra 4)</ref>
Acharya Charaka has frequently used the term Prakrti, Swasthya, Sukha, Arogya, Dhatusamya as synonyms of health. He stresses that disorder is disequilibrium of Dhatus and their equilibrium is health. Health is known as happiness while disorder is unhappiness.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 9 Sutra 4)</ref>
== Need of Svasthvrtta ==
Need to understand and follow various methods to keep oneself healthy necessitates understanding svasthvrtta (healthy habits) described in Ayurveda. In ancient times emergence of Ayurveda also had roots in this need to get rid of diseases and stay healthy to attain chaturvidha purusharthas i.e. [[Dharma (धर्मः)|Dharma]], artha, kama and [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|moksha]] in life. Health is believed to be critical in working towards attainment of any of these purusharthas. In the absence of health one can not focus and succeed in any type of work required to fulfil basic needs or desires. Acharya Charaka has therefore quoted a sutra highlighting the need to remain free from diseases,<blockquote>धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामारोग्यं मूलमुत्तमम् | रोगास्तस्यापहर्तारः श्रेयसो जीवितस्य च ॥ (Char. Samh 1.15)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 15)</ref></blockquote>And in order to enjoy the disease free state, acquire good strength and immunity one must take optimum care of his body-mind and life energies by self. There does not exist any other external appliance with the help of which one can achieve and preserve good health. It is thus stated that,<blockquote>नगरी नगरस्येव रथस्येव रथी यथा | स्वशरीरस्य मेधावी कृत्येष्ववहितो भवेत् ॥ (Char. Samh 5.103)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 103)</ref></blockquote>Meaning: Like the lord of a city in the affairs of his city, and a charioteer in the management of his chariot, so should a wise man be ever vigilant in the caring of his own body.
== निरुक्तिः ॥ Etymology ==
== निरुक्तिः ॥ Etymology ==
== स्वस्थ परिभाषा ॥ Definition of word 'Svastha' ==
== स्वस्थ परिभाषा ॥ Definition of word 'Svastha' ==
Ayurveda has defined the term Svastha and clearly explained what 'svasthya' means to Ayurveda. Ayurveda acharyas had recognized the importance of equilibrium of functional units like [[Doshas (दोषाः)]], [[Dhatus (धातवः)]], [[Malas (मलाः)]] and [[Agni (अग्निः)]] in maintaining the health. Thus, while defining the term 'svasthya' (स्वास्थ्यम्) attention has been paid to all these factors. Acharya Sushruta has defined the term Svastha as below,<blockquote>समदोषः समाग्निश्च समधातुमलक्रियः। प्रसन्नात्मेन्द्रियमनः स्वस्थ इति अभिधीयते।। (Sushrut Samhita Sutrasthanam 15.48)</blockquote>Meaning: Svastha means the one who has equilibrium of [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]], [[Agni (अग्निः)|agni]], [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatus]] and well balanced mala activities (in body) along with energetic/well functioning [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atman]], [[indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)]] and [[manas (मनः)]] (all collectively).
Ayurveda has defined the term Svastha and clearly explained what 'svasthya' means to Ayurveda. Ayurveda acharyas had recognized the importance of equilibrium of functional units like [[Doshas (दोषाः)]], [[Dhatus (धातवः)]], [[Malas (मलाः)]] and [[Agni (अग्निः)]] in maintaining the health. Thus, while defining the term 'svasthya' (स्वास्थ्यम्) attention has been paid to all these factors. Acharya Sushruta has defined the term Svastha as below,<blockquote>समदोषः समाग्निश्च समधातुमलक्रियः। प्रसन्नात्मेन्द्रियमनः स्वस्थ इति अभिधीयते।। (Sush. Samh.15.48)<ref>Sushrut Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 15 Sutra 48)</ref></blockquote>Meaning: Svastha means the one who has equilibrium of [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]], [[Agni (अग्निः)|agni]], [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatus]] and well balanced mala activities (in body) along with energetic/well functioning [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atman]], [[indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)]] and [[manas (मनः)]] (all collectively).
In the above definition, physical, mental and adhyatmik (spiritual) health has been explained. Health does not mean only the absence of disease but it means that [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] and [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atman]] should also be Prasanna (energetic/active/happy). Complete psycho-somatic equilibrium is the key to Svasthya (health). Therefore Ayurveda recognizes svastha not just at the level of physical body. Ayurveda considers individual as the union of body, mind and energy (Soul). Thus svasthya also depends on well functioning of all these components of one's life which has been stated clearly in the definition.
In the above definition, physical, mental and adhyatmik (spiritual) health has been explained. Health does not mean only the absence of disease but it means that [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] and [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atman]] should also be Prasanna (energetic/active/happy). Complete psycho-somatic equilibrium is the key to Svasthya (health). Therefore Ayurveda recognizes svastha not just at the level of physical body. Ayurveda considers individual as the union of body, mind and energy (Soul). Thus svasthya also depends on well functioning of all these components of one's life which has been stated clearly in the definition.
# Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya (Non-suppressible and suppressible natural urges and other factors for health)
# Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya (Non-suppressible and suppressible natural urges and other factors for health)
# Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya (The Disciplinary Protocol for Sense and Motor Organs)
# Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya (The Disciplinary Protocol for Sense and Motor Organs)
== 3 points focus under Svasthvrtta ==
In order to preserve and promote positive health one must follow code of conduct described in svasthvrtta. This code is primarily focused on 3 points that are integral part of life of any human being. The rules and practices related to these points are the subject of entire svasthavrrta in Ayurveda. These 3 points are,<blockquote>आहाराचारचेष्टासु सुखार्थी प्रेत्य चेह च| परं प्रयत्नमातिष्ठेद्बुद्धिमान् हितसेवने||६०|| (Char. Samh. 7.60)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 7 Sutra 60)</ref></blockquote>Meaning: Intelligent person desirous of well-being in the present world (birth) and the world after death should strive his level best to follow the correct regimen of diet, code of conduct and deeds
Therefore, the entire subject of svasthvrtta is focused on
# Diet
# Activities and
# Practices that can help one to preserve equilibrium of [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatus]] and promote positive health.
== स्वस्थवृत्तांतर्गताः विभिन्नाः विषयाः ॥ Contents of Svasthvrtta ==
== स्वस्थवृत्तांतर्गताः विभिन्नाः विषयाः ॥ Contents of Svasthvrtta ==
=== दिनचर्या ॥ Daily regimen (Dincharya) ===
=== दिनचर्या ॥ Daily regimen (Dincharya) ===
{{Main article|Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)}}
{{Main article|Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)}}
Dinacharya (दिनचर्या) refers to the daily regimen of an individual recommended by ancient Ayurveda scholars so as to preserve and promote health and well-being. Ayurveda acharyas have provided the guideline on what activities should one perform throughout the day, their sequence and the exact time when these should be performed in order to maintain the balance of body energies. Ayurveda recommends that, in order to be optimally healthy we should tune the bodies to the nature's master cycle which in turn regulates the various other rhythms. Briefly, it is the disciplined daily routine of an individual which ensures ptimum health, fitness and also prevention of lifestyle related disorders.
Dinacharya (दिनचर्या) refers to the daily regimen of an individual recommended by ancient Ayurveda scholars so as to preserve and promote health and well-being. Ayurveda acharyas have provided the guideline on what activities should one perform throughout the day, their sequence and the exact time when these should be performed in order to maintain the balance of body energies. Ayurveda recommends that, in order to be optimally healthy we should tune the bodies to the nature's master cycle which in turn regulates the various other rhythms. Briefly, it is the disciplined daily routine of an individual which ensures optimum health, fitness and also prevention of lifestyle related disorders.
=== ऋतुचर्या ॥ Seasonal Regimen (Ritucharya) ===
=== ऋतुचर्या ॥ Seasonal Regimen (Ritucharya) ===
{{Main article|Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)}}
{{Main article|Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)}}