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=== Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta ===
=== Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta ===
The final systematization of the teachings of Upanishads, called Vedanta, signify the settled conclusions of the Vedas taken as a whole. This philosophy thus combines in one harmonious whole the results attained by all previous orthodox thinkers, and is therefore looked upon as the most perfect expression of Indian thought. The oldest form is seen as Sutras of Badarayana called commonly as Vedanta Sutras, is cryptic and it consists of four chapters, each divided into four padas (sections). In the current view the Upanishads, the Bhagavadgita, and Vedanta Sutras of Badarayana constitute the triple basis of the Vedanta. Due to its cryptic nature and ambiguity several interpretations of it have arisen.
The final systematization of the teachings of Upanishads, called Vedanta, signify the settled conclusions of the Vedas taken as a whole. This philosophy thus combines in one harmonious whole the results attained by all previous orthodox thinkers, and is therefore looked upon as the most perfect expression of Indian thought. The oldest form is seen as Sutras of Badarayana called commonly as Vedanta Sutras, is cryptic and it consists of four chapters, each divided into four padas (sections). In the current view the Upanishads, the Bhagavadgita, and Vedanta Sutras of Badarayana constitute the triple basis of the Vedanta. Due to its cryptic nature and ambiguity several interpretations of it have arisen.
Broadly the schools of Vedanta may be classed as either Absolutistic (representing Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, an impersonal principle) or theistic (representing a personal God). The chief of these schools are three known as
* Advaita (non-dualism) given by Sri Shankaracharya
* Visishta Dvaita advocated by Sri Ramanuja
* Dvaita associated with Sri Madhvacharya
The vagueness of Upanishadic teaching is particularly in reference to the relation of Brahman to the individual soul and the physical universe on the other hand.
== Unity in Indian Sadhana ==
== Unity in Indian Sadhana ==