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{{ToBeEdited}}The word Sattva (सत्त्वम्) is used in multiple context. Sattva is one of the [[Trigunas (त्रिगुणाः)|trigunas]] or modes of material energy. It is also used as a synonym for [[Manas (मनः)|Manas]] or mind according to Ayurveda. Commonly it is also used to denote pure essence of something. In Ayurveda, Sattva refers to the manas or mind. It is that quality of mind which is considered as virtue of mind and thus used as synonym for manas.

The word Sattva (सत्त्वम्) is used in multiple context. Sattva is one of the [[Trigunas (त्रिगुणाः)|trigunas]] or modes of material energy. It is also used as a synonym for [[Manas (मनः)|Manas]] or mind according to Ayurveda. Commonly it is also used to denote pure essence of something. In Ayurveda, Sattva refers to the manas or mind. It is that quality of mind which is considered as virtue of mind and thus used as synonym for manas.

 

== भगवद्गीतावर्णितः सत्वगुणः॥ Sattva according to Bhagvad gita ==

== भगवद्गीतावर्णितः सत्वगुणः॥ Sattva according to Bhagvad gita ==

Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता) is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma Parva of the [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]. In the 14th discourse of Bhagvad Gita, Lord Krishna narrates the role of Trigunas in one's life. At this place, Sattva guna has been described by lord Krishna.

Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता) is a dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated in the Bhishma Parva of the [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]. In the 14th discourse of Bhagvad Gita, Lord Krishna narrates the role of Trigunas in one's life. At this place, Sattva guna has been described by lord Krishna.

=== वारुण काय ॥ Varuna type of mind faculty ===

=== वारुण काय ॥ Varuna type of mind faculty ===

शूरं धीरं शुचिमशुचिद्वेषिणं यज्वानमम्भोविहाररतिमक्लिष्टकर्माणं स्थानकोपप्रसादं वारुणं विद्यात् (५)|

Varuna is the devata of water element. Water is supposed to be the cleansing element. It brings clarity and and purity. The persons showing traits similar to Varuna are called having Varuna type of mind-faculty. Such individuals are brave, courageous, clean and dislike uncleanliness, worshipers, take pleasure in being near water, unwearied in action, express anger or happiness at right place. <blockquote>शूरं धीरं शुचिमशुचिद्वेषिणं यज्वानमम्भोविहाररतिमक्लिष्टकर्माणं स्थानकोपप्रसादं वारुणं विद्यात् ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote><blockquote>śūraṁ dhīraṁ śucimaśucidveṣiṇaṁ yajvānamambhovihāraratimakliṣṭakarmāṇaṁ sthānakopaprasādaṁ vāruṇaṁ vidyāt ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote>

=== कौबेर काय ॥ Kubera type of mind faculty ===

=== कौबेर काय ॥ Kubera type of mind faculty ===

स्थानमानोपभोगपरिवारसम्पन्नं धर्मार्थकामनित्यं शुचिं सुखविहारं व्यक्तकोपप्रसादं कौबेरं विद्यात् (६)|

[[Kubera (कुबेरः)|Kubera]] is revered as the devata for wealth and riches. He is the the ruler of semi-celestial beings such as Yakhsas, Gandharvas, Kinneras, Kimpurushas among others. The persons having traits similar to Kubera are known to possess Kubera type mind-faculty. <blockquote>स्थानमानोपभोगपरिवारसम्पन्नं धर्मार्थकामनित्यं शुचिं सुखविहारं व्यक्तकोपप्रसादं कौबेरं विद्यात् ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote><blockquote>sthānamānopabhogaparivārasampannaṁ dharmārthakāmanityaṁ śuciṁ sukhavihāraṁ vyaktakopaprasādaṁ kauberaṁ vidyāt ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote>Meaning: Capable of position, honor, luxuries and having family members (attendants), constantly involved in virtuous acts, wealth and satisfaction of desires, clean, comfortable movement, obvious annoyance and happiness. The individuals having such qualities should be known as ''Kaubera'' in mind. (TBE)

=== गान्धर्व काय ॥ Gandharva type of mind faculty ===

=== गान्धर्व काय ॥ Gandharva type of mind faculty ===

प्रियनृत्यगीतवादित्रोल्लापकश्लोकाख्यायिकेतिहासपुराणेषु कुशलं गन्धमाल्यानुलेपनवसनस्त्रीविहारकामनित्यमनसूयकं गान्धर्वं विद्यात् (७)|

Gandharvas are believed to be the semi-celestial beings having interest in various forms of art like music, dance, grooming ets. The individuals showing qualities similar to Gandharvas are supposed to have Gandharva type of mind-faculty. Such persons fond of dancing, singing, music and praise, expert in poetry, stories, historical narrations and epics, constantly use scents, garlands, pastes, clothing, engaged with women and passion.  <blockquote>प्रियनृत्यगीतवादित्रोल्लापकश्लोकाख्यायिकेतिहासपुराणेषु कुशलं गन्धमाल्यानुलेपनवसनस्त्रीविहारकामनित्यमनसूयकं गान्धर्वं विद्यात् ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote><blockquote>priyanr̥tyagītavāditrollāpakaślokākhyāyiketihāsapurāṇeṣu kuśalaṁ gandhamālyānulepanavasanastrīvihārakāmanityamanasūyakaṁ gāndharvaṁ vidyāt ॥ (Char Samh 4.37)</blockquote>

== सात्विक मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Sattva dominance is intoxicated ==

== सात्विक मद लक्षणानि॥ Signs when the person with Sattva dominance is intoxicated ==

<blockquote>सात्त्विके शौचदाक्षिण्यहर्षमण्डनलालसः | गीताध्ययनसौभाग्यसुरतोत्साहकृन्मदः ॥ (Sush Samh 45.207)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita (Sharirsthanam Adhyayam 45 Sutram 207)</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>sāttvike śaucadākṣiṇyaharṣamaṇḍanalālasaḥ | gītādhyayanasaubhāgyasuratotsāhakr̥nmadaḥ ॥ (Sush Samh 45.207)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>Meaning:  

Sattvika mada is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described effects of intoxication due to excessively taken or inappropriately taken madyam (alcohol) or any other intoxicating drug. The state of such intoxication is considered abnormal and demands medical intervention. Ayurveda acharyas have also described the symptoms of such intoxication depending upon the dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas in [[Manas (मनः)|manas]] of the intoxicated individual. This helps a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to decide the line of treatment specific to that patient and helps to get that individual out of that state of misery quickly. The symptoms of intoxication in a person having sattva dominance are described by acharya Sushruta as below.<blockquote>सात्त्विके शौचदाक्षिण्यहर्षमण्डनलालसः | गीताध्ययनसौभाग्यसुरतोत्साहकृन्मदः ॥ (Sush Samh 45.207)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita (Sharirsthanam Adhyayam 45 Sutram 207)</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>sāttvike śaucadākṣiṇyaharṣamaṇḍanalālasaḥ | gītādhyayanasaubhāgyasuratotsāhakr̥nmadaḥ ॥ (Sush Samh 45.207)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>Meaning: When a person with sattva predominant mind-faculty in intoxicated the person displays cleanliness, gratitude, joy, fondness for ornaments, shows interests in music, study, popularity and desire to engage in physical intimacy.  

 

==मोक्ष-सत्वगुणयोः संबंधः ॥ Role of Tamas in Moksha==

[[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] is considered to be liberation of soul from mortal body and its union with the supreme consciousness. It is believed that purusha or soul is trapped in the mortal body and suffers from karmas. This bond of atma and shareera is because of trigunas as per Bhagvad Gita.<blockquote>सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणा: प्रकृतिसम्भवा: | निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote><blockquote>sattvaṁ rajastama iti guṇā: prakr̥tisambhavā: | nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinamavyayam ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote>Thus, when Ayurveda discusses about Atma, Karma and Moksha; acharyas have described the process of Moksha at the level of mind and soul. It is stated that Moksha  is achieved only after annihilation of effects of potent past actions/deeds and when there is absence of rajas and tamas in the mind. At this stage there is detachment of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|sharira]], [[Manas (मनः)|manas]], [[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|indriyas]] and [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atma]].<blockquote>मोक्षो रजस्तमोऽभावात् बलवत्कर्मसङ्क्षयात् | वियोगः सर्वसंयोगैरपुनर्भव उच्यते ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 142])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>mokṣo rajastamo'bhāvāt balavatkarmasaṅkṣayāt | viyogaḥ sarvasaṁyogairapunarbhava ucyate ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)</blockquote>This is a state after which there is no more physical or mental contacts. Further there is no process of rebirth. Thus presence or absence of Tamas plays important role in the process of Moksha.  

रजस्तमोभ्यां युक्तस्य संयोगोऽयमनन्तवान्|

[[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] is considered to be liberation of soul from mortal body and its union with the supreme consciousness. It is believed that purusha or soul is trapped in the mortal body and suffers from karmas. This bond of [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atma]] and [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|sharira]] is because of [[Trigunas (त्रिगुणाः)|trigunas]] as per Bhagvad Gita.<blockquote>सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणा: प्रकृतिसम्भवा: | निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote><blockquote>sattvaṁ rajastama iti guṇā: prakr̥tisambhavā: | nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinamavyayam ॥ (Bhagvad Gita 14.5)</blockquote>Thus, when Ayurveda discusses about Atma, Karma and [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]]; acharyas have described the process of Moksha at the level of mind and soul. <blockquote>मोक्षो रजस्तमोऽभावात् बलवत्कर्मसङ्क्षयात् | वियोगः सर्वसंयोगैरपुनर्भव उच्यते ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sharirsthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 142])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>mokṣo rajastamo'bhāvāt balavatkarmasaṅkṣayāt | viyogaḥ sarvasaṁyogairapunarbhava ucyate ॥ (Char. Samh. 1.142)</blockquote>Meaning: It is stated that Moksha  is achieved only after annihilation of effects of potent past actions/deeds and when there is absence of rajas and tamas in the mind. At this stage there is detachment of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|sharira]], [[Manas (मनः)|manas]], [[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|indriyas]] and [[Atman (आत्मन्)|atma]]. This is a state after which there is no more physical or mental contacts. Further there is no process of rebirth. Thus presence or absence of Tamas plays important role in the process of Moksha.

ताभ्यां निराकृताभ्यां तु सत्त्ववृद्ध्या ^[१] निवर्तते||३६|| Cha sha 1/36

The role of Sattva in the process of moksha has also been explicitly described by the acharya Charaka as below,<blockquote>रजस्तमोभ्यां युक्तस्य संयोगोऽयमनन्तवान् | ताभ्यां निराकृताभ्यां तु सत्त्ववृद्ध्या निवर्तते ॥ (Char Samh 1.36)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sharirsthanam Adhyayam 1 sutram 36)</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>rajastamobhyāṁ yuktasya saṁyogo'yamanantavān | tābhyāṁ nirākr̥tābhyāṁ tu sattvavr̥ddhyā nivartate ॥ (Char Samh 1.36)</blockquote>It is stated that along with annihilation of rajas and tamas, upsurge in Sattva is the key for liberation or salvation. Until and unless the rajas and tamas are present, they keep on generating attachment of soul to the material existence and inhibit the process of moksha.

== Role of Sattva guna in Moksha ==

== References ==

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