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Line 13: − − == Sarama in Mahabharata == − The Mahabharata contains a story about Sarama cursing Janamejaya. Janamejaya along with his brother once performed a yajna of long duration at Kuruksetra. While the yajna was going on, a dog (son of Sarama, the female dog of the Devas) came there. The three brothers of Janamejaya beat the dog which returned to its mother, Sarama, crying. The mother asked him whether he had done anything to deserve the beating, and he answered thus : "No, mother, I had done nothing wrong. I did not lick the havis (oblations), nor did I even look at it." Hearing her son's reply Sarama in deep anguish, went to Kuruksetra and questioned Janamejaya as to why her innocent son was beaten by his brothers. Neither he nor his brothers replied to Sarama, and she cursed Janamejaya that he would be subjected to adrstaphala (unforeseen results). Bhima II, son of King Pariksit and brother of Janamejaya who, at the yajna conducted at Kuruksetra attacked, without reason, the son of Sarama. This curse upset Janamejaya so much that after the Sarpa Satra was over and on his return to Hastinapura he made a search for a Purohita (priest) competent enough to redeem him from his sins, and at last he invited Somasravas, son of the great sage Srutasravas to be his Purohita, and thus did Somasravas become the priest of Janamejaya (Adi Parva, Chapter 3). Line 22:
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- Sarama after having once drunk milk from dasyus lied about it to Indra, and he punished her. (Varaha Purana). (Page 694 of Reference <ref name=":12">Mani, V. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>)
- Sarama after having once drunk milk from dasyus lied about it to Indra, and he punished her. (Varaha Purana). (Page 694 of Reference <ref name=":12">Mani, V. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>)
== व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology ==
== व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology ==
* According to Brahmanda purana,<ref>Brahmanda Puranam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD Madhyamabhaga Adhyaya 7])</ref>
* According to Brahmanda purana,<ref>Brahmanda Puranam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD Madhyamabhaga Adhyaya 7])</ref>
<blockquote>क्रोधायाः कन्यका जज्ञे द्वादशैवात्मसंभवाः । ता भार्या पुलहस्यासन्नामतो मे निबोधत ॥ २,७.१७१ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.171) मृगी च मृगमन्दा च हरिभद्रा त्विरावती । भूता च कपिशा दंष्ट्रा ऋषा तिर्या तथैव च ॥ २,७.१७२ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.172) श्वेता च सरमा चैव सुरसा चेति विश्रुता । मृग्यास्तु हरिगाः पुत्रा मृगश्चान्ये शशास्तथा ॥ २,७.१७३ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.173)</blockquote><blockquote>krodhāyāḥ kanyakā jajñe dvādaśaivātmasaṃbhavāḥ । tā bhāryā pulahasyāsannāmato me nibodhata ॥ 2,7.171 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.171) mṛgī ca mṛgamandā ca haribhadrā tvirāvatī । bhūtā ca kapiśā daṃṣṭrā ṛṣā tiryā tathaiva ca ॥ 2,7.172 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.172) śvetā ca saramā caiva surasā ceti viśrutā । mṛgyāstu harigāḥ putrā mṛgaścānye śaśāstathā ॥ 2,7.173 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.173)</blockquote>Meaning : Sarama was one of the 12 daughters of Kashyapa and Krodha. They became the wives of Pulaha. Their names are Mrigi, Mrigamanda, Haribhadra, Iravati, Bhuta, Kapisha, Damshtra, Rsha, Tirya, Shveta, Sarama, Surasa. They were all well renowned. The progeny of Mrigi are the deers, antilopes and rabbits (Page 452 of Reference 4<ref name=":1">Tagare, G. V. (1958) [https://archive.org/details/BrahmandaPuranaG.V.TagarePart2 Brahmanda Purana (Madhyabhaga Upodghatabhaga) English Translation, Part 3] Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass </ref>). <blockquote>दुल्लोलकं ललोहं च सरमा द्वौ व्यजायत ॥ २,७.४४१ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.441)</blockquote><blockquote>dullolakaṃ lalohaṃ ca saramā dvau vyajāyata ॥ 2,7.441 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.441)</blockquote>Meaning : Sarama gave birth to Dyuloka and Laloha.(Page 474 of Reference 4<ref name=":1" />)
<blockquote>क्रोधायाः कन्यका जज्ञे द्वादशैवात्मसंभवाः । ता भार्या पुलहस्यासन्नामतो मे निबोधत ॥ २,७.१७१ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.171) मृगी च मृगमन्दा च हरिभद्रा त्विरावती । भूता च कपिशा दंष्ट्रा ऋषा तिर्या तथैव च ॥ २,७.१७२ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.172) श्वेता च सरमा चैव सुरसा चेति विश्रुता । मृग्यास्तु हरिगाः पुत्रा मृगश्चान्ये शशास्तथा ॥ २,७.१७३ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.173)</blockquote><blockquote>krodhāyāḥ kanyakā jajñe dvādaśaivātmasaṃbhavāḥ । tā bhāryā pulahasyāsannāmato me nibodhata ॥ 2,7.171 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.171) mṛgī ca mṛgamandā ca haribhadrā tvirāvatī । bhūtā ca kapiśā daṃṣṭrā ṛṣā tiryā tathaiva ca ॥ 2,7.172 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.172) śvetā ca saramā caiva surasā ceti viśrutā । mṛgyāstu harigāḥ putrā mṛgaścānye śaśāstathā ॥ 2,7.173 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.173)</blockquote>Meaning : Sarama was one of the 12 daughters of Kashyapa and Krodha. They became the wives of Pulaha. Their names are Mrigi, Mrigamanda, Haribhadra, Iravati, Bhuta, Kapisha, Damshtra, Rsha, Tirya, Shveta, Sarama, Surasa. They were all well renowned. The progeny of Mrigi are the deers, antilopes and rabbits (Page 452 of Reference 4<ref name=":1">Tagare, G. V. (1958) [https://archive.org/details/BrahmandaPuranaG.V.TagarePart2 Brahmanda Purana (Madhyabhaga Upodghatabhaga) English Translation, Part 3] Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass </ref>). <blockquote>दुल्लोलकं ललोहं च सरमा द्वौ व्यजायत ॥ २,७.४४१ ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.441)</blockquote><blockquote>dullolakaṃ lalohaṃ ca saramā dvau vyajāyata ॥ 2,7.441 ॥ (Brah. Pura. 2.7.441)</blockquote>Meaning : Sarama gave birth to Dyuloka and Laloha.(Page 474 of Reference 4<ref name=":1" />)
== Janamejaya and Sarama ==
The Mahabharata contains a story about Sarama cursing Janamejaya. Janamejaya along with his brother once performed a yajna of long duration at Kuruksetra. While the yajna was going on, a dog (son of Sarama, the female dog of the Devas) came there. The three brothers of Janamejaya beat the dog which returned to its mother, Sarama, crying. The mother asked him whether he had done anything to deserve the beating, and he answered thus : "No, mother, I had done nothing wrong. I did not lick the havis (oblations), nor did I even look at it." Hearing her son's reply Sarama in deep anguish, went to Kuruksetra and questioned Janamejaya as to why her innocent son was beaten by his brothers. Neither he nor his brothers replied to Sarama, and she cursed Janamejaya that he would be subjected to adrstaphala (unforeseen results). Bhima II, son of King Pariksit and brother of Janamejaya who, at the yajna conducted at Kuruksetra attacked, without reason, the son of Sarama. This curse upset Janamejaya so much that after the Sarpa Satra was over and on his return to Hastinapura he made a search for a Purohita (priest) competent enough to redeem him from his sins, and at last he invited Somasravas, son of the great sage Srutasravas to be his Purohita, and thus did Somasravas become the priest of Janamejaya (Adi Parva, Chapter 3).
== Panis and Sarama ==
== Panis and Sarama ==
[[Panis (पणिकाः)|Panis]] are basically tradesmen who were prominent class of people along with Dasyus and [[Asura|Asuras]], intelligent, powerful having a materialistic outlook. [[Nirukta]] describes them as tightfisted, shrewd business-minded people with no regard for [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] (यज्ञ) and charity. The conflict between Indra and Panis was mainly due to the refusal of Panis to contribute to Dana (दानम्) and Dakshina (दक्षिणा) for Yajna. Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property.<ref>Prasad, Prakash Charan. (1977) ''[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RSW8az3Q_dEC&lpg=PA7&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India.]'' New Delhi : Abhinav Publications</ref>
[[Panis (पणिकाः)|Panis]] are basically tradesmen who were prominent class of people along with Dasyus and [[Asura|Asuras]], intelligent, powerful having a materialistic outlook. [[Nirukta]] describes them as tightfisted, shrewd business-minded people with no regard for [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] (यज्ञ) and charity. The conflict between Indra and Panis was mainly due to the refusal of Panis to contribute to Dana (दानम्) and Dakshina (दक्षिणा) for Yajna. Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property.<ref>Prasad, Prakash Charan. (1977) ''[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RSW8az3Q_dEC&lpg=PA7&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India.]'' New Delhi : Abhinav Publications</ref>