8,090
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 118:
Line 118: − + Line 126:
Line 126: − + Line 133:
Line 133: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→धर्मलक्षणम् || Dharma Lakshanas: added Paradharmas
By following the practice path laid down in Yoga darshana man achieves certain qualities of the Self. Gautama Dharmasutras describe these eight virtues of the Self, to be cultivated at will by everyone, as follows (Page 1648 of Reference <ref name=":0" />).<blockquote>दया सर्वभूतेषु क्षान्तिर् अनसूया शौचम् अनायासोमङ्गलम् अकार्पण्यम् अस्पृहेति ॥ (Gaut. Dhar. 1.8.23)</blockquote><blockquote>dayā sarvabhūtēṣu kṣāntir anasūyā śaucam anāyāsōmaṅgalam akārpaṇyam aspr̥hēti ॥ (Gaut. Dhar. 1.8.23)</blockquote>Dayā (दया । Compassion towards all creatures), kṣānti (क्षान्ति। forbearance) anasūyā (अनसूया। devoid of ill-will or envy ) śaucam (शौचम्। purity (external and internal)) anāyāsaḥ (अनायासः । avoiding pain even to oneself ) maṅgalam (मङ्गलम् । auspiciousness) akārpaṇyam (अकार्पण्यम् । freedom from self-pity or weakness) aspr̥heti (अस्पृहः। free from covetousness) are the qualities of the Atman.
By following the practice path laid down in Yoga darshana man achieves certain qualities of the Self. Gautama Dharmasutras describe these eight virtues of the Self, to be cultivated at will by everyone, as follows (Page 1648 of Reference <ref name=":0" />).<blockquote>दया सर्वभूतेषु क्षान्तिर् अनसूया शौचम् अनायासोमङ्गलम् अकार्पण्यम् अस्पृहेति ॥ (Gaut. Dhar. 1.8.23)</blockquote><blockquote>dayā sarvabhūtēṣu kṣāntir anasūyā śaucam anāyāsōmaṅgalam akārpaṇyam aspr̥hēti ॥ (Gaut. Dhar. 1.8.23)</blockquote>Dayā (दया । Compassion towards all creatures), kṣānti (क्षान्ति। forbearance) anasūyā (अनसूया। devoid of ill-will or envy ) śaucam (शौचम्। purity (external and internal)) anāyāsaḥ (अनायासः । avoiding pain even to oneself ) maṅgalam (मङ्गलम् । auspiciousness) akārpaṇyam (अकार्पण्यम् । freedom from self-pity or weakness) aspr̥heti (अस्पृहः। free from covetousness) are the qualities of the Atman.
===धर्मलक्षणम् || Dharma Lakshanas===
===धर्मलक्षणम् || Dharma Lakshanas===
With conscious practice of yoga, purity of mind and body, Atman develops by which Atmagunas are manifested. Such a person automatically aligns with Rta and follows Dharma. Manusmrti lays down the following four lakshanas of Dharma. Following the Vedas, Smrtis, Sadachara (सदाचारः), one's inner consciousness are the four lakshanas defined in a simplified form.<ref name=":022" /> <blockquote>वेदः स्मृतिः सदाचारः स्वस्य च प्रियमात्मनः । एतच्चतुर्विधं प्राहुः साक्षाद् धर्मस्य लक्षणम् || (Manu. Smrt. 2.12)</blockquote><blockquote>vedaḥ smr̥tiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ca priyamātmanaḥ । etaccaturvidhaṁ prāhuḥ sākṣād dharmasya lakṣaṇam || (Manu. Smrt. 2.12)</blockquote>Additionally Manu lays down the following<blockquote>धृति: क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रह:। धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् || (Manu. Smrt. 6.92)</blockquote><blockquote>dhr̥ti: kṣamā damō'stēyaṁ śaucamindriyanigraha:। dhīrvidyā satyamakrōdhō daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam || (Manu. Smrt. 6.92)</blockquote>
With conscious practice of yoga, purity of mind and body, atman gets purified by which Atmagunas are manifested. Such a person automatically aligns with Rta and follows Dharma. Manusmrti lays down the following four lakshanas of Dharma. Following the Vedas, Smrtis, Sadachara (सदाचारः), one's inner consciousness are the four lakshanas defined in a simplified form.<ref name=":022" /> <blockquote>वेदः स्मृतिः सदाचारः स्वस्य च प्रियमात्मनः । एतच्चतुर्विधं प्राहुः साक्षाद् धर्मस्य लक्षणम् || (Manu. Smrt. 2.12)</blockquote><blockquote>vedaḥ smr̥tiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ca priyamātmanaḥ । etaccaturvidhaṁ prāhuḥ sākṣād dharmasya lakṣaṇam || (Manu. Smrt. 2.12)</blockquote>Additionally Manu lays down the following ten lakshanas<blockquote>धृति: क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रह:। धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् || (Manu. Smrt. 6.92)</blockquote><blockquote>dhr̥ti: kṣamā damō'stēyaṁ śaucamindriyanigraha:। dhīrvidyā satyamakrōdhō daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam || (Manu. Smrt. 6.92)</blockquote>
#Dhrti (धृति: । firmness or fortitude)
#Dhrti (धृति: । firmness or fortitude)
#Kshama (क्षमा । forgiveness)
#Kshama (क्षमा । forgiveness)
#Indriya nigraha (इन्द्रियनिग्रह: । control over the indriyas or worldly senses)
#Indriya nigraha (इन्द्रियनिग्रह: । control over the indriyas or worldly senses)
#Dhih (धीः । intellectual power, knowledge of Shastras)
#Dhih (धीः । intellectual power, knowledge of Shastras)
#Vidya (विद्या । knowledge of Self)
#[[Vidya (विद्या)|Vidya]] (विद्या । knowledge of Self)
#Satyam (सत्यम् । truthfulness)
#Satyam (सत्यम् । truthfulness)
#Akrodhah (अक्रोधः । absence of anger)
#Akrodhah (अक्रोधः । absence of anger)
:ahiṁsā satyamastēyaṁ śaucamindriyanigraha:। dānaṁ damō dayā śānti: sarvēṣāṁ dharmasādhanam ||
:ahiṁsā satyamastēyaṁ śaucamindriyanigraha:। dānaṁ damō dayā śānti: sarvēṣāṁ dharmasādhanam ||
According to Yajnavalkya, Ahimsa (not hurting other creatures by thought, word or deed) and Dana (charity) are also the means to attain Dharma apart from the other qualities.
According to Yajnavalkya, Ahimsa (not hurting other creatures by thought, word or deed) and Dana (charity) are also the means to attain Dharma apart from the other qualities.
=== परो धर्मः || Paradharmas ===
Bhagavata Purana (7.11.8-12) describes the 30 Para Dharmas (highest dharmas of mankind) that everyone should have<ref>Poddar, Hanuman Prasad (1986) ''Manav Dharma''. Gorakhpur : Gita Press</ref><blockquote>सत्यं दया तपः शौचं तितिक्षेक्षा शमो दमः । अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च त्यागः स्वाध्याय आर्जवम् ॥ ८ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>सन्तोषः समदृक् सेवा ग्राम्येहोपरमः शनैः । नृणां विपर्ययेहेक्षा मौनं आत्मविमर्शनम् ॥ ९ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>अन्नाद्यादेः संविभागो भूतेभ्यश्च यथार्हतः । तेष्वात्मदेवताबुद्धिः सुतरां नृषु पाण्डव ॥ १० ॥</blockquote><blockquote>श्रवणं कीर्तनं चास्य स्मरणं महतां गतेः । सेवेज्यावनतिर्दास्यं सख्यमात्म समर्पणम् ॥ ११ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>नृणामयं परो धर्मः सर्वेषां समुदाहृतः । त्रिंशत् लक्षणवान् राजन् सर्वात्मा येन तुष्यति ॥ १२ ॥</blockquote>{{columns-list|colwidth=12em|style=width: 800px; font-style: normal;|
# Truthfulness (सत्यम्)
# Compassion (दया)
# Asceticism (तपः)
# Purity (शौचम्)
# Endurance (तितिक्षा)
# Discriminatory power (इक्षा)
# Control of mind (शमः)
# Control of senses (दमः)
# Nonviolence (अहिंसा)
# Celibacy (ब्रह्मचर्यम्)
# Selflessness (त्यागः)
# Study of Vedas (स्वाध्यायः)
# Unity of word, action and deeds(आर्जवम्)
# Contentment (सन्तोषः)
# Service with equality (समदृक् सेवा)
# Withdrawing from Pravritti (ग्राम्येहोपरमः)
# Observing fruitlessness of human actions (नृणां विपर्ययेहेक्षा)
# Refraining from useless conversations (मौनं)
# Self Introspection (आत्मविमर्शनम्)
# Equitable distribution of food etc to needy (अन्नाद्यादेः संविभागो भूतेभ्यश्च यथार्हतः)
# Knowledge of Self and Deities in all beings (भूतेभ्यः आत्मदेवताबुद्धिः)
# Hearing (the stories and qualities of Srihari)(श्रवणम्)
# Constant chanting (of the name of Srihari)(कीर्तनम्)
# Contemplation on Supreme (स्मरणम्)
# Service (सेवा)
# Performing dharmik duties (इज्या)
# Bowing to (अवनतिः)
# Rendering service to (दस्यं)
# Behaving as his friend (सख्यम्)
# Dedication of oneself to Srihari (आत्म समर्पणम्)}}
These principles are part of the eternal, universal truths that apply equally to all living entities who can use them for progress regardless of class, caste, nationality, gender, or any other temporary qualifications. These basic tenets, as we can see, are not so difficult to understand and are the basis of the Vedic spiritual life.
These principles are part of the eternal, universal truths that apply equally to all living entities who can use them for progress regardless of class, caste, nationality, gender, or any other temporary qualifications. These basic tenets, as we can see, are not so difficult to understand and are the basis of the Vedic spiritual life.