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Samkhya or Sankhya (Sanskrit: ??????) is one of the six astika (orthodox) schools of Hindu philosophy.[1][2][3] It is most related to the Yoga school of Hinduism, and it was influential on other schools of Indian philosophy.[4] Samkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepts three of six pramanas (proofs) as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge. These include pratyak?a (perception), anuma?a (inference) and sabda (aptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources).[5][6][7] Sometimes described as one of the rationalist school of Indian philosophy, this ancient school's reliance on reason was neither exclusive nor strong.[8][9]

Samkhya sashtra or Sankhya (Sanskrit: साङ्ख्य शास्त्रम्) is one of the six astika (orthodox) schools of Hindu philosophy. It is most related to the Yoga school of Hinduism, and it was influential on other schools of Indian philosophy.  In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya refers to the philosophical school in Hinduism based on systematic enumeration and rational examination. 

* Sankhya denies that reaching God is the goal of life. While the Samkhya school considers the Vedas as a reliable source of knowledge, a key difference between Samkhya and Yoga schools, state scholars,[17][18] is that Yoga school accepts a "personal, yet essentially inactive, deity" or "personal god".[19]

Samkhya siddhantihi is based on systematic enumeration and using the three of six प्रमाणाः pramanas (proofs) as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge. These include प्रत्यक्षप्रमाणाः  pratyaksha (perception), अनुमानप्रमाणाः  anum (inference) and शब्दप्रमाणाः  sabda (aptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources). Sometimes described as one of the rationalist school of Indian philosophy, this ancient school's reliance on reason was neither exclusive nor strong.[8][9]

Samkhya Siddhantihi about Origin of Creation  

Samkhya Siddhantihi (Theory) about Origin of Creation  

Samkhya is strongly dualist.[10][11][12] Samkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two realities; puru?a (consciousness) and prak?ti (matter). Jiva (a living being) is that state in which puru?a is bonded to prak?ti in some form.[13] This fusion, state the Samkhya scholars, led to the emergence of buddhi ("intellect") and aha?kara (ego consciousness). The universe is described by this school as one created by purusa-prak?ti entities infused with various permutations and combinations of variously enumerated elements, senses, feelings, activity and mind.[13] During the state of imbalance, one of more constituents overwhelm the others, creating a form of bondage, particularly of the mind. The end of this imbalance, bondage is called liberation, or kaivalya, by the Samkhya school.[14]

Samkhya is strongly dualist.[10][11][12] Samkhya philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two realities; puru?a (consciousness) and prak?ti (matter). Jiva (a living being) is that state in which puru?a is bonded to prak?ti in some form.[13] This fusion, state the Samkhya scholars, led to the emergence of buddhi ("intellect") and aha?kara (ego consciousness). The universe is described by this school as one created by purusa-prak?ti entities infused with various permutations and combinations of variously enumerated elements, senses, feelings, activity and mind.[13] During the state of imbalance, one of more constituents overwhelm the others, creating a form of bondage, particularly of the mind. The end of this imbalance, bondage is called liberation, or kaivalya, by the Samkhya school.[14]

Trigunas

Trigunas

Etymology[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Samkhya (??????), also referred to as Sankhya, Sa?khya, or Sa?khya, is a Sanskrit word that, depending on the context, means "to reckon, count, enumerate, calculate, deliberate, reason, reasoning by numeric enumeration, relating to number, rational."[24] In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya refers to the philosophical school in Hinduism based on systematic enumeration and rational examination.[25]

Samkhya साङ्ख्य  is a Sanskrit word that, depending on the context, means "to reckon, count, enumerate, calculate, deliberate, reason, reasoning by numeric enumeration, relating to number, rational".  

Historical development[edit]

Historical development[edit]