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Line 22: − + + + − + − + + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − It is divided into ten mandalas For this reason some believe that the Vedas must be+ − described as the scripture of fire worship, a view with which we − would be in agreement if Agni were believed to be the light of − the Atman (the light of knowledge of the Reality). The concluding − sukta of the Rgveda contains should be regarded as − having a higher significance than the national anthem of any − country: it is a prayer for amity among all nations, a true − international anthem. − अग्निमीले पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवमृत्तिजम् + + + + + + + + − "May mankind be of one mind, " it goes.+ − "May it have a common goal. May all hearts be united in − love. And with the mind and the goal being one may all of us live − in happiness. " Line 108:
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→Rig Samhita
=== Rig Samhita ===
=== Rig Samhita ===
The Rigveda is the oldest, biggest of the four Vedas and the most highly valued work of the Hindus. This Samhita (Collection) is unique in its nature. The present form of this Samhita clearly indicates that the collection is not a single work, but consists of multiple elements, thus, intact through thousands of years are the seeds of India's religious and philosophical development. Various indications of language, style and ideas prove this point. Different hymns of this Samhita were composed long before they were systematically arranged. Being a compilation of different stages, there is something which stamps the Rigveda with an individuality of its own. It is much more natural in character and form than other Samhitas.
The Rigveda is the oldest, biggest of the four Vedas and the most highly valued work of the Hindus. This Samhita (Collection) is unique in its nature. The present form of this Samhita clearly indicates that the collection is not a single work, but consists of multiple elements, thus, intact through thousands of years are the seeds of India's religious and philosophical development. Various indications of language, style and ideas prove this point.
Different mantras of this Samhita were composed long before they were systematically arranged. Being a compilation of different stages, there is something which stamps the Rigveda with an individuality of its own. It is much more natural in character and form than other Samhitas.
''Rik,'' from the root ''rc'' means ‘to praise''’.'' Variously called as 'rk', 'richas', 'rig' or '''Rik''<nowiki/>' is the name given to those Mantras which are meant for the praise of the deities. Thus the collection (''Samhita'') of ''Riks'' is known as Rigveda-Samhita.
''Rik,'' from the root ''rc'' means ‘to praise''’.'' Variously called as 'rk', 'richas', 'rig' or '''Rik''<nowiki/>' is the name given to those Mantras which are meant for the praise of the deities. Thus the collection (''Samhita'') of ''Riks'' is known as Rigveda-Samhita.
* Only one Shaka (school) of the Rigveda is available today called as '''Shaakala'''.
* Only one Shaka (school) of the Rigveda is available today called as '''Shaakala'''. The Purāṇa literature gives ample information about the existence of Śākhā-Saṁhitās. Deviations in text, order and number of ṛk mantras started giving rise to different Śākhā-Saṁhitās from the time of Ācārya Paila; Patañjali referring to twenty one Śākhā-Saṁhitās of the Ṛgveda (Ref 2) the Āśvalāyana-Saṁhitā being one of them.
* It contains about 10552 Mantras (about 10, 170 rks according to some other scholars) and 1, 028 suktas.
* It contains about 10,552 Mantras (about 10, 170 rks according to some other scholars) and 1, 028 suktas.
* It is classified into ten books called ''Mandalas''.
* It is classified into ten books called ''Mandalas''.
* Each ''Mandala'' is divided into several sections called ''Anuvakas''.
* Each ''Mandala'' is divided into several sections called ''Anuvakas''.
* Each ''Anuvaka'' consists of a number of S''uktas'' (hymns).
* Each ''Anuvaka'' consists of a number of S''uktas'' (hymns).
* Each ''Sukta'' is made up of a number of Mantras (verses) called ''riks''.
* Each ''Sukta'' is made up of a number of Mantras (verses) called ''riks''.
* Every ''Rik'' has a ''Rishi (Mantra Drashta),'' a ''Devata (deity)'' and a ''Chandas (meter)''.
* Mantras are revealed to several rishis called Mantra Drashtas including some brahmavaadinis like Lopamudra and Vak Ambhrni.
* Mantras are revealed to several rishis called Mantra Drashtas including some brahmavaadinis like Lopamudra and Vak Ambhrni.
* It begins with a sukta to Agni and concludes with a sukta to the same deity.
* The Samhita of the Rigveda thus comprises of10 ''Mandalas'', 85 ''Anuvakas'', 1028 ''Suktas'' and 10552 ''Mantras''. Usually ''Anuvaka'' is not mentioned for the reference of a Mantra of the Rigveda. For example RV 3.16.7 simply means the seventh Mantra of the sixteenth ''Sukta'' of the third ''Mandala'' of the Rigveda.
This division of the Rigveda is most popular and systematic. There is also the ashtaka system of dividing the contents of the Rigveda, but today that is uncommon among the students of the Veda.The value of the Rigveda today is not confined to India, for its well-preserved language and mythology have helped a better understanding of languages, literatures and cultures of the whole world.
* It begins with a sukta to Agni and concludes with a sukta to the same deity. Agni sukta (01.01.01) by Rushi : Madhucchanda Visvamitra, Devata : Agni, Chandas: Gayatri goes as follows
<blockquote>अग्निसूक्तम् in प्रथमं मण्डलम्।</blockquote><blockquote>९ मधुच्छन्दा वैश्वामित्रः । अग्निः। गायत्री। </blockquote><blockquote>अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विज॑म् । होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मम् ॥१</blockquote><blockquote>अ॒ग्निः पूर्वे॑भि॒र्ऋषि॑भि॒रीड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒त । स दे॒वाँ एह व॑क्षति ॥२</blockquote><blockquote>अ॒ग्निना॑ र॒यिम॑श्नव॒त् पोष॑मे॒व दि॒वेदि॑वे । य॒शसं॑ वी॒रव॑त्तमम् ॥३</blockquote><blockquote>अग्ने॒ यं य॒ज्ञम॑ध्व॒रं वि॒श्वत॑: परि॒भूरसि॑ । स इद् दे॒वेषु॑ गच्छति ॥४</blockquote><blockquote>अ॒ग्निर्होता॑ क॒विक्र॑तुः स॒त्यश्चि॒त्रश्र॑वस्तमः । दे॒वो दे॒वेभि॒रा ग॑मत् ॥५</blockquote><blockquote>यद॒ङ्ग दा॒शुषे॒ त्वमग्ने॑ भ॒द्रं क॑रि॒ष्यसि॑ । तवेत् तत् स॒त्यम॑ङ्गिरः ॥६</blockquote><blockquote>उप॑ त्वाग्ने दि॒वेदि॑वे॒ दोषा॑वस्तर्धि॒या व॒यम् । नमो॒ भर॑न्त॒ एम॑सि ॥७</blockquote><blockquote>राज॑न्तमध्व॒राणां॑ गो॒पामृ॒तस्य॒ दीदि॑विम् । वर्ध॑मानं॒ स्वे दमे॑ ॥८</blockquote><blockquote>स न॑: पि॒तेव॑ सू॒नवे ऽग्ने॑ सूपाय॒नो भ॑व । सच॑स्वा नः स्व॒स्तये॑ ॥९</blockquote>As seen in the above example, the Vedic mantras are notated with lines above and below the letters which indicate the svara or tone of the particular letter in which it has to be uttered. The information about Vedic Language, the tones and accents used are explained in Siksha part of the [[Shad Vedaangas (षड् वेदाङ्ग)|Vedaangas]]. This division of the Rigveda is most popular and systematic. There is also the ashtaka system of dividing the contents of the Rigveda, but today that is uncommon among the students of the Veda.The value of the Rigveda today is not confined to India, for its well-preserved language and mythology have helped a better understanding of languages, literatures and cultures of the whole world.
The concluding sukta of the Rgveda (10.191) also has Agni as Devata and should be regarded as having a higher significance than the national anthem of any country: it is a prayer for amity among all nations, a true international anthem. Rushi : Samvanana Angirasa, Devata : Agni, Chandas: Anusthub and Tristubh
संगठन सूक्त
४ संवनन आङ्गिरसः। १ अग्निः,२-४ संज्ञानम्। अनुष्टुप्, ३ त्रिष्टुप्।
संस॒मिद्यु॑वसे वृष॒न्नग्ने॒ विश्वा॑न्य॒र्य आ । इ॒ळस्प॒दे समि॑ध्यसे॒ स नो॒ वसू॒न्या भ॑र ॥१
सं ग॑च्छध्वं॒ सं व॑दध्वं॒ सं वो॒ मनां॑सि जानताम् । दे॒वा भा॒गं यथा॒ पूर्वे॑ संजाना॒ना उ॒पास॑ते ॥२
स॒मा॒नो मन्त्र॒: समि॑तिः समा॒नी स॑मा॒नं मन॑: स॒ह चि॒त्तमे॑षाम् । स॒मा॒नं मन्त्र॑म॒भि म॑न्त्रये वः समा॒नेन॑ वो ह॒विषा॑ जुहोमि ॥३
स॒मा॒नी व॒ आकू॑तिः समा॒ना हृद॑यानि वः । स॒मा॒नम॑स्तु वो॒ मनो॒ यथा॑ व॒: सुस॒हास॑ति ॥४
"May mankind be of one mind, " it goes. "May it have a common goal. May all hearts be united in love. And with the mind and the goal being one may all of us live in happiness. "
Among the 1028 ''Suktas'' of the Rigveda Samhita some ''suktas'' are very popular and frequently referred by the readers of Vedas. Some of them are:
1. Purusha Sukta
2. Hiranya-garbha Sukta
3. Dhana-anna-dana Sukta
4. Aksha Sukta
5. Nasadiya Sukta
6. Duhsvapna-nashna Sukta
7. Yama-yami-samvada Sukta
Besides this, there are ''Suktas'' offered to different deities, such as, Indra, Marut, Rudra, Varuna, Ushas, Surya, Bhumi, Soma, and Agni.
=== Yajus Samhita ===
=== Yajus Samhita ===
== External links keep this in reference ==
== External links keep this in reference ==
* [http://www.sanskritweb.net/rigveda/rv01-001.pdf Rigveda Samhita] First Mandala, (in Sanskrit)
* [http://www.sanskritweb.net/rigveda/rv01-001.pdf Rigveda Samhita] First Mandala, (in Sanskrit)
* http://ignca.nic.in/vedic_portal_rigveda.htm
* http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part5/chap27.htm
* http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part5/chap27.htm
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]