Changes

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Samanya Dharma (सामान्यधर्मः) (view source)

Revision as of 11:53, 7 October 2022

2,640 bytes added ,  11:53, 7 October 2022
→‎ज्ञाने ॥ In Jnana: added hyperlink
Line 1: Line 1: −
Samanya Dharma (Samskrit: सामान्यधर्मः) refers to the tenets that are uniformly applicable to everyone in a society. They are universal principles prescribed to be practised by all.
+
Samanya Dharma (Samskrit: सामान्यधर्मः) refers to the tenets that are uniformly applicable to everyone in a society. They are universal principles prescribed to be practiced by all.
    
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
 
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
Line 12: Line 12:     
# सामान्यधर्मः (Samanya Dharma) : This deals with the ethical principles like truth, non-injury, non-stealing, etc., which are common duties of all beings. They are universal principles applicable to all irrespective of their class, gender or nationality.<ref name=":2">Nithin Sridhar, [http://indiafacts.org/varna-vyavastha-as-a-conceptual-social-order-that-facilitates-self-actualization/ Varṇa vyavastha as a conceptual social order that facilitates self-actualization], indiafacts.org</ref> For eg. Goodness is not a property of any one class, creed, sect or community. It is a virtue every human being should possess. Thus, Samanya Dharma is the general law for all human beings.<ref name=":1" />
 
# सामान्यधर्मः (Samanya Dharma) : This deals with the ethical principles like truth, non-injury, non-stealing, etc., which are common duties of all beings. They are universal principles applicable to all irrespective of their class, gender or nationality.<ref name=":2">Nithin Sridhar, [http://indiafacts.org/varna-vyavastha-as-a-conceptual-social-order-that-facilitates-self-actualization/ Varṇa vyavastha as a conceptual social order that facilitates self-actualization], indiafacts.org</ref> For eg. Goodness is not a property of any one class, creed, sect or community. It is a virtue every human being should possess. Thus, Samanya Dharma is the general law for all human beings.<ref name=":1" />
−
# विशेषधर्मः (Vishesha Dharma) : These are special duties, which are unique to every individual depending on the kala (time), desha (place), varna and ashrama.<ref name=":2" /> For eg. The [[Varnashrama Dharma (वर्णाश्रमधर्मः)|Varnashrama Dharmas]] are special Dharmas to be practised by particular groups of people and by people in particular stages of life. However, Samanya Dharmas must be practised by all, irrespective of distinctions of Varna and Ashrama, creed or colour.<ref name=":1" />
+
# विशेषधर्मः (Vishesha Dharma) : These are special duties, which are unique to every individual depending on the kala (time), desha (place), varna and ashrama.<ref name=":2" /> For eg. The [[Varnashrama Dharma (वर्णाश्रमधर्मः)|Varnashrama Dharmas]] are special Dharmas to be practiced by particular groups of people and by people in particular stages of life. However, Samanya Dharmas must be practiced by all, irrespective of distinctions of Varna and Ashrama, creed or colour.<ref name=":1" />
    
== वैदिकवाङ्मयेषु सामान्यधर्मः ॥ Samanya Dharma in Vaidika Vangmaya ==
 
== वैदिकवाङ्मयेषु सामान्यधर्मः ॥ Samanya Dharma in Vaidika Vangmaya ==
 
Dharmas common to all<ref name=":0" /> referred to as Samanya Dharmas, numbering between 5-30, are mentioned across the [[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangmaya]] texts such as  the [[Smrti (स्मृतिः)|Smrtis]], [[Itihasa (इतिहासः)|Itihasa]] and [[Puranas (पुराणानि)|Puranas]]. These tenets applicable to everyone,<ref name=":2" /> as they occur in various texts, are enumerated below.  
 
Dharmas common to all<ref name=":0" /> referred to as Samanya Dharmas, numbering between 5-30, are mentioned across the [[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangmaya]] texts such as  the [[Smrti (स्मृतिः)|Smrtis]], [[Itihasa (इतिहासः)|Itihasa]] and [[Puranas (पुराणानि)|Puranas]]. These tenets applicable to everyone,<ref name=":2" /> as they occur in various texts, are enumerated below.  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
|+Samanya Dharma as enlisted in Vaidika Vangmaya<ref name=":2" />
+
|+Samanya Dharma enlisted in Smrtis and Arthashastra<ref name=":2" />
 
![[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmrti]]
 
![[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmrti]]
 
![[Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्रम्)|Arthashastra]]
 
![[Arthashastra (अर्थशास्त्रम्)|Arthashastra]]
 
![[Yajnavalkya Smrti (याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृतिः)|Yajnavalkya Smrti]]
 
![[Yajnavalkya Smrti (याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृतिः)|Yajnavalkya Smrti]]
−
![[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]
  −
!Vamana Purana
  −
!Bhagavata Purana
   
|-
 
|-
 
|5 tenets
 
|5 tenets
 
|6 tenets
 
|6 tenets
 
|9 tenets
 
|9 tenets
−
|9 tenets
  −
|14 tenets
  −
|30 tenets
   
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
Line 55: Line 49:  
# Daya (Mercy)
 
# Daya (Mercy)
 
# Kshanti (Forgiveness)<ref>Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vidyarnava (1918), [https://archive.org/details/yajnavalkyasmrit00yj/page/236/mode/2up?view=theater Yajnavalkya Smriti (Book 1)], Allahabad: The Panini Office</ref>
 
# Kshanti (Forgiveness)<ref>Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vidyarnava (1918), [https://archive.org/details/yajnavalkyasmrit00yj/page/236/mode/2up?view=theater Yajnavalkya Smriti (Book 1)], Allahabad: The Panini Office</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
 +
एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः ॥ १०.६३ ॥<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10]</ref>
 +
|सर्वेषां अहिंसा सत्यं शौचं अनसूय आनृशंस्यं क्षमा च ॥ ०१.३.१३ ॥<ref>Arthashastra, Adhikarana 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9 Adhyaya 3]</ref>
 +
|अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
 +
दानं दमो दया क्षान्तिः सर्वेषां धर्मसाधनम् ॥ १.१२२ ॥<ref>Yajnavalkya Smrti, Adhyaya 1 (Achara Adhyaya), [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Grhasthadharma Prakarana]</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।
 +
etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ ॥ 10.63 ॥
 +
|sarveṣāṁ ahiṁsā satyaṁ śaucaṁ anasūya ānr̥śaṁsyaṁ kṣamā ca ॥ 01.3.13 ॥
 +
|ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।
 +
dānaṁ damo dayā kṣāntiḥ sarveṣāṁ dharmasādhanam ॥ 1.122 ॥
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Samanya Dharma enlisted in Itihasas and Puranas<ref name=":2" />
 +
![[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]]
 +
!Vamana Purana
 +
!Agni Purana
 +
!Bhagavata Purana
 +
|-
 +
|9 tenets
 +
|14 tenets
 +
|16 tenets
 +
|30 tenets
 +
|-
 
|
 
|
 
# Akrodha (Freedom from anger)
 
# Akrodha (Freedom from anger)
Line 64: Line 83:  
# Adroha (Absence of enmity)
 
# Adroha (Absence of enmity)
 
# Arjava (Straightforwardness)
 
# Arjava (Straightforwardness)
−
# Bhrtya Bharana (Maintainence of dependents)<ref name=":5">M.Rama Jois (2004), Trivarga, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</ref>
+
# Bhrtya Bharana (Maintainence of dependents)<ref name=":5" />
 
|
 
|
 
# Svadhyaya (Perseverance)
 
# Svadhyaya (Perseverance)
Line 79: Line 98:  
# Shaucha  (Purity)
 
# Shaucha  (Purity)
 
# Mangalya (Benevolence)
 
# Mangalya (Benevolence)
−
# [[Bhakti (भक्तिः)|Bhakti]]  (Devotion)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/vamanapuranavaishnavaupapuranasanskritenglishocr/page/n79/mode/2up?view=theater Vamana Purana (Translation)]</ref>
+
#[[Bhakti (भक्तिः)|Bhakti]]  (Devotion)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/vamanapuranavaishnavaupapuranasanskritenglishocr/page/n79/mode/2up?view=theater Vamana Purana (Translation)]</ref>
−
|  
+
|
 +
# Ahimsa (Abstaining from killing)
 +
# Satya Vachana (Truthfulness)
 +
# Daya (Compassion)
 +
# Bhuta Anugraha (Kindness towards all beings)
 +
# Tirtha Anusarana (Visiting tirtha kshetras)
 +
# Dana (Munificence)
 +
#[[Brahmacharya (ब्रह्मचर्यम्)|Brahmacharya]] (Celibacy)
 +
# Amatsara (Non-jealous)
 +
# Deva Dvijati Guru Shushrusha (Service to deities, brahmanas and preceptors)
 +
# Sarva Dharma Shravana (Listening to all the laws of conduct)
 +
# Pitr Pujana (Worship of ancestors)
 +
# Nrpati Bhakti (Veneration towards the ruler)
 +
# Nitya Sat Shastranetrata (Sustained interests in Good scriptures)
 +
# Anrshamshya (Mercy)
 +
# Titiksha (Forbearance)
 +
# Astikya (Belief in the Vedas)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/AgniPuranaUnabridgedEnglishMotilal/page/n441/mode/2up?view=theater The Agni Purana (Part 2)], Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.</ref>
 +
|
 
# Satya (Truthfulness)
 
# Satya (Truthfulness)
 
# Daya (Compassion)
 
# Daya (Compassion)
−
# [[Tapas (तपस्)|Tapa]] (Austerity)
+
#[[Tapas (तपस्)|Tapa]] (Austerity)
 
# Shaucha (Purity)
 
# Shaucha (Purity)
 
# Titiksheksha (Endurance)
 
# Titiksheksha (Endurance)
Line 90: Line 126:  
# Dama (Control of the senses)
 
# Dama (Control of the senses)
 
# Ahimsa (Non-violence)
 
# Ahimsa (Non-violence)
−
# [[Brahmacharya (ब्रह्मचर्यम्)|Brahmacharya]] (celibacy)
+
# Brahmacharya (celibacy)
 
# Tyaga (sacrifice)
 
# Tyaga (sacrifice)
 
# Svadhyaya (Study of Vedas)
 
# Svadhyaya (Study of Vedas)
Line 112: Line 148:  
# Atma Samarpana (Dedication of oneself to Hari)<ref name=":6">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n95 P.no.964].</ref>
 
# Atma Samarpana (Dedication of oneself to Hari)<ref name=":6">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n95 P.no.964].</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
  −
एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः ॥ १०.६३ ॥<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10]</ref>
  −
|सर्वेषां अहिंसा सत्यं शौचं अनसूय आनृशंस्यं क्षमा च ॥ ०१.३.१३ ॥<ref>Arthashastra, Adhikarana 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9 Adhyaya 3]</ref>
  −
|अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
  −
दानं दमो दया क्षान्तिः सर्वेषां धर्मसाधनम् ॥ १.१२२ ॥<ref>Yajnavalkya Smrti, Adhyaya 1 (Achara Adhyaya), [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Grhasthadharma Prakarana]</ref>
   
|अक्रोधः सत्यवचनं संविभागः क्षमा तथा ।
 
|अक्रोधः सत्यवचनं संविभागः क्षमा तथा ।
 
प्रजनः स्वेषु दारेषु शौचमद्रोह एव च ॥ १२.५९.९ ॥
 
प्रजनः स्वेषु दारेषु शौचमद्रोह एव च ॥ १२.५९.९ ॥
Line 127: Line 158:     
शंकरे भास्करे देव्यां धर्मोऽयं मानवः स्मृतः ॥ ११.२४ ॥<ref>Vamana Purana, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref>
 
शंकरे भास्करे देव्यां धर्मोऽयं मानवः स्मृतः ॥ ११.२४ ॥<ref>Vamana Purana, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref>
 +
|अहिंसा सत्यवचनन्दया भूतेष्वनुग्रहः ।
 +
तीर्थानुसरणं दानं ब्रह्मचर्यममत्सरः ॥१५१.३
 +
 +
देवद्विजातिशुश्रूषा गुरूणाञ्च भृगूत्तम ।
 +
 +
श्रवणं सर्वधर्माणां पितॄणां पूजनं तथा ॥१५१.४
 +
 +
भक्तिश्च नृपतौ नित्यं तथा सच्छास्त्रनेत्रता ।
 +
 +
आनृशंष्यन्तितिक्षा च तथा चास्तिक्यमेव च ॥१५१.५
 +
 +
वर्णाश्रमाणां सामान्यं धर्माधर्मं समीरितं ।१५१.६<ref>Agni Purana, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 151]</ref>
 
|सत्यं दया तपः शौचं तितिक्षेक्षा शमो दमः । अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च त्यागः स्वाध्याय आर्जवम् ॥ ८ ॥
 
|सत्यं दया तपः शौचं तितिक्षेक्षा शमो दमः । अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च त्यागः स्वाध्याय आर्जवम् ॥ ८ ॥
 
सन्तोषः समदृक् सेवा ग्राम्येहोपरमः शनैः । नृणां विपर्ययेहेक्षा मौनं आत्मविमर्शनम् ॥ ९ ॥
 
सन्तोषः समदृक् सेवा ग्राम्येहोपरमः शनैः । नृणां विपर्ययेहेक्षा मौनं आत्मविमर्शनम् ॥ ९ ॥
Line 136: Line 179:  
नृणामयं परो धर्मः सर्वेषां समुदाहृतः । त्रिंशत् लक्षणवान् राजन् सर्वात्मा येन तुष्यति ॥ १२ ॥<ref name=":4">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 11].</ref>
 
नृणामयं परो धर्मः सर्वेषां समुदाहृतः । त्रिंशत् लक्षणवान् राजन् सर्वात्मा येन तुष्यति ॥ १२ ॥<ref name=":4">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 11].</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।
  −
etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ ॥ 10.63 ॥
  −
|sarveṣāṁ ahiṁsā satyaṁ śaucaṁ anasūya ānr̥śaṁsyaṁ kṣamā ca ॥ 01.3.13 ॥
  −
|ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।
  −
dānaṁ damo dayā kṣāntiḥ sarveṣāṁ dharmasādhanam ॥ 1.122 ॥
   
|akrodhaḥ satyavacanaṁ saṁvibhāgaḥ kṣamā tathā ।
 
|akrodhaḥ satyavacanaṁ saṁvibhāgaḥ kṣamā tathā ।
 
prajanaḥ sveṣu dāreṣu śaucamadroha eva ca ॥ 12.59.9 ॥
 
prajanaḥ sveṣu dāreṣu śaucamadroha eva ca ॥ 12.59.9 ॥
Line 151: Line 189:     
śaṁkare bhāskare devyāṁ dharmo'yaṁ mānavaḥ smr̥taḥ ॥ 11.24 ॥
 
śaṁkare bhāskare devyāṁ dharmo'yaṁ mānavaḥ smr̥taḥ ॥ 11.24 ॥
 +
|ahiṁsā satyavacanandayā bhūteṣvanugrahaḥ ।
 +
tīrthānusaraṇaṁ dānaṁ brahmacaryamamatsaraḥ ॥151.3
 +
 +
devadvijātiśuśrūṣā gurūṇāñca bhr̥gūttama ।
 +
 +
śravaṇaṁ sarvadharmāṇāṁ pitr̥̄ṇāṁ pūjanaṁ tathā ॥151.4
 +
 +
bhaktiśca nr̥patau nityaṁ tathā sacchāstranetratā ।
 +
 +
ānr̥śaṁṣyantitikṣā ca tathā cāstikyameva ca ॥151.5
 +
 +
varṇāśramāṇāṁ sāmānyaṁ dharmādharmaṁ samīritaṁ ।151.6
 
|satyaṁ dayā tapaḥ śaucaṁ titikṣekṣā śamo damaḥ । ahiṁsā brahmacaryaṁ ca tyāgaḥ svādhyāya ārjavam ॥ 8 ॥
 
|satyaṁ dayā tapaḥ śaucaṁ titikṣekṣā śamo damaḥ । ahiṁsā brahmacaryaṁ ca tyāgaḥ svādhyāya ārjavam ॥ 8 ॥
 
santoṣaḥ samadr̥k sevā grāmyehoparamaḥ śanaiḥ । nr̥ṇāṁ viparyayehekṣā maunaṁ ātmavimarśanam ॥ 9 ॥
 
santoṣaḥ samadr̥k sevā grāmyehoparamaḥ śanaiḥ । nr̥ṇāṁ viparyayehekṣā maunaṁ ātmavimarśanam ॥ 9 ॥
Line 162: Line 212:     
== प्रचुरोक्ताः सामान्यधर्माः ॥ Persistent tenets ==
 
== प्रचुरोक्ताः सामान्यधर्माः ॥ Persistent tenets ==
−
It is seen that Samanya Dharma or principles applicable to all<ref name=":5" /> are enlisted in various texts. Manusmrti gives a list of 5 tenets; Arthashastra mentions 6 tenets; Yajnavalkya Smrti mentions 9 tenets; Mahabharata also mentions 9 tenets; Vamana Purana mentions 14 tenets; while the Bhagavata Purana mentions 30 tenets as Samanya Dharma.<ref name=":2" />
+
It is seen that Samanya Dharma or principles applicable to all<ref name=":5">M.Rama Jois (2004), Trivarga, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</ref> are enlisted in various texts. Manusmrti gives a list of 5 tenets; Arthashastra mentions 6 tenets; Yajnavalkya Smrti mentions 9 tenets; Mahabharata also mentions 9 tenets; Vamana Purana mentions 14 tenets; while the Bhagavata Purana mentions 30 tenets as Samanya Dharma.<ref name=":2" />
    
The 5 tenets mentioned in Manusmrti that find mention at all instances that enlist Samanya Dharma include<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />
 
The 5 tenets mentioned in Manusmrti that find mention at all instances that enlist Samanya Dharma include<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />
Line 234: Line 284:     
=== ब्रह्मचर्यम् ॥ Brahmacharya ===
 
=== ब्रह्मचर्यम् ॥ Brahmacharya ===
 +
{{Main article|Brahmacharya (ब्रह्मचर्यम्)}}
 
Brahmacharya refers to a practise of celibacy. The Shandilya Upanishad defines brahmacharya as ‘the renunciation of copulation at all times in thought, word and action’.<blockquote>ब्रह्मचर्यं नाम सर्वावस्थासु मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः सर्वत्र मैथुनत्यागः ।<ref name=":8" />
 
Brahmacharya refers to a practise of celibacy. The Shandilya Upanishad defines brahmacharya as ‘the renunciation of copulation at all times in thought, word and action’.<blockquote>ब्रह्मचर्यं नाम सर्वावस्थासु मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः सर्वत्र मैथुनत्यागः ।<ref name=":8" />
   Line 264: Line 315:  
The Upanishads lay down the requisite qualifications for a person to become eligible to practise Vedanta. The Taittiriya Upanishad, through the instructions imparted by the preceptor to students after having taught the [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]] says,  <blockquote>सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः ।<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80#%E0%A5%A5_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8A%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A5 Anuvaka 11]</ref> satyaṁ vada । dharmaṁ cara । svādhyāyānmā pramadaḥ ।</blockquote>Meaning: Speak the truth. Practise righteousness. Make no mistake about self-study.
 
The Upanishads lay down the requisite qualifications for a person to become eligible to practise Vedanta. The Taittiriya Upanishad, through the instructions imparted by the preceptor to students after having taught the [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]] says,  <blockquote>सत्यं वद । धर्मं चर । स्वाध्यायान्मा प्रमदः ।<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80#%E0%A5%A5_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8A%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A5 Anuvaka 11]</ref> satyaṁ vada । dharmaṁ cara । svādhyāyānmā pramadaḥ ।</blockquote>Meaning: Speak the truth. Practise righteousness. Make no mistake about self-study.
   −
[[Adi Shankaracharya (आदिशङ्कराचार्यः)|Adi Shankaracharya]] also, in his Vivekachudamani, enumerates the basic qualifications necessary to practise Vedanta called Sadhana Chatushtaya or the fourfold spiritual practice. It includes discernment, dispassion, control of the internal organs, control of the external sense organs, forbearance, withdrawal of the mind from external sense objects, faith in the [[Guru (गुरुः)|guru]] and scriptures, one-pointed meditation on [[Brahman (ब्रह्मन्)|Brahman]] and an intense desire for moksha.
+
[[Adi Shankaracharya (आदिशङ्कराचार्यः)|Adi Shankaracharya]] also, in his Vivekachudamani, enumerates the basic qualifications necessary to practise Vedanta called [[Sadhana Chatushtaya (साधनचतुष्टयम्)]] or the fourfold spiritual practice. It includes discernment, dispassion, control of the internal organs, control of the external sense organs, forbearance, withdrawal of the mind from external sense objects, faith in the [[Guru (गुरुः)|guru]] and scriptures, one-pointed meditation on [[Brahman (ब्रह्मन्)|Brahman]] and an intense desire for moksha.
    
These are either the tenets of Samanya Dharma themselves or those that are attained through the practice of Samanya Dharma. Hence, the tenets of Samanya Dharma are very vital in the path of knowledge as well.<ref name=":7" />
 
These are either the tenets of Samanya Dharma themselves or those that are attained through the practice of Samanya Dharma. Hence, the tenets of Samanya Dharma are very vital in the path of knowledge as well.<ref name=":7" />
Retrieved from ‘https://dharmawiki.org/index.php/Special:MobileDiff/132937...134462’

Navigation menu