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no edit summary
Sāma is composition of words in Rigvedic hymns from notes. The hymns of Rigveda form the base of Sāmagāna. Sāmagāna is not merely a name given to singing hymns of Veda but represents the philosophy and science of uniting thought, sound and music. Sāmagāna is purpose of creation of [[Samaveda]].
Sāma is composition of words in Rigvedic hymns from notes. The hymns of Rigveda form the base of Sāmagāna. Sāmagāna is not merely a name given to singing hymns of Veda but represents the philosophy and science of uniting thought, sound and music. Sāmagāna is purpose of creation of [[Samaveda]].
There is a difference in number of songs attributed to different branches. Shri Satvalekar in preface to Sāmaveda Samhita has given the following table of songs.
There is a difference in number of songs attributed to different branches. Shri Satvalekar in preface to Sāmaveda Samhita has given the following table of songs.
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"!
!
!Songs of Jaimineeya Branch
!Songs of Jaimineeya Branch
!Songs of Kouthumeeya Branch
!Songs of Kouthumeeya Branch
|- align="center"
|- align="center"|Gramgeyo-gāna:
|Gramgeyo-gāna:
|1233
|1233
|1197
|1197
|- align="center"
|- align="center"|Aranyageya-gāna:
|Aranyageya-gāna:
|291
|291
|294
|294
|- align="center"
|- align="center"|Ooha-gāna:
|Ooha-gāna:
|1802
|1802
|1026
|1026
|- align="center"
|- align="center"|Oohya-gāna:
|Oohya-gāna:
|356
|356
|205
|205
|- align="center"
|- align="center"|Total
|Total
|3681
|3681
|2722
|2722
Apart from these three basic notes, the singers came across a fourth which they called Swarāntara. When they discovered a note lower than the lowest known note they called it Mandra. When a still lower note than Mandra was found they called it Atiswāra. A higher note determined was called Krushta after Sanskrit root Krush (to scream, speak loudly). So the complete Sāmic Saptaka in descending order contains:
Apart from these three basic notes, the singers came across a fourth which they called Swarāntara. When they discovered a note lower than the lowest known note they called it Mandra. When a still lower note than Mandra was found they called it Atiswāra. A higher note determined was called Krushta after Sanskrit root Krush (to scream, speak loudly). So the complete Sāmic Saptaka in descending order contains:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"|-
|-
! First Note
! First Note
! Second Note
! Second Note
Shruti-jāti is defined as the way in which a particular note could be applied to make the song appealing. There are five with individual signs for three shruti-jāti-s.
Shruti-jāti is defined as the way in which a particular note could be applied to make the song appealing. There are five with individual signs for three shruti-jāti-s.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"|-
|-
! Shruti-jāti
! Shruti-jāti
! Sign
! Sign
==Rishis==
==Rishis==
A Rishi in Rig Veda is an author of a ''Rik'', a hymn mantra, derived from oral tradition and direct insight, not from reasoning or intellect. The term Rishi is defined as "rishati jnānena samsāra-pāram” meaning one who goes beyond the mundane world by means of knowledge. Further, some scholars think the root 'drish' (sight) might have given rise to root 'rish' meaning 'to see'.{{cn|date=November 2014}}
A Rishi in Rig Veda is an author of a ''Rik'', a hymn mantra, derived from oral tradition and direct insight, not from reasoning or intellect. The term Rishi is defined as "rishati jnānena samsāra-pāram meaning one who goes beyond the mundane world by means of knowledge. Further, some scholars think the root 'drish' (sight) might have given rise to root 'rish' meaning 'to see'.{{cn|date=November 2014}}
[[Sri Aurobindo]] described Shruthi as "divine recordings of cosmic sounds of truth" heard by the Rishis. The Vedas are thus Shruthis, revealed scriptures.{{cn|date=November 2014}}
[[Sri Aurobindo]] described Shruthi as "divine recordings of cosmic sounds of truth" heard by the Rishis. The Vedas are thus Shruthis, revealed scriptures.{{cn|date=November 2014}}
==External links==
==External links==
* [http://omenad.net/articles/BSV_samintro.htm Swar in Samveda. An Article by Dr. Lal Mani Misra on Samic musical notes]
* [http://omenad.net/articles/BSV_samintro.htm Swar in Samveda. An Article by Dr. Lal Mani Misra on Samic musical notes]
[[Category:Vedas]]
[[Category:Vedas]]