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→Introduction
Ayurveda focuses on maintaining balanced state of body and mind. Ayurveda also believes that, not just the food we consume, but also each and every part of our lifestyle and behavior has definitive effect on our health and well-being. These day-to-day activities include, those related to general hygiene, food consumption, sexual intercourse, exercise and also communication or pattern of one's behavior while living in the society. All these factors directly or indirectly affect one's body, emotions, thoughts, actions and the feeling of well-being. One of the doctrines of Ayurveda also emphasizes on the necessity to control the impulses of emotions which are otherwise meant to cause the mental illness as well as distress in relationships and society. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a guideline on how these activities and behavioral patterns should be observed in order to have their only positive impact on health and well-being.
Ayurveda focuses on maintaining balanced state of body and mind. Ayurveda also believes that, not just the food we consume, but also each and every part of our lifestyle and behavior has definitive effect on our health and well-being. These day-to-day activities include, those related to general hygiene, food consumption, sexual intercourse, exercise and also communication or pattern of one's behavior while living in the society. All these factors directly or indirectly affect one's body, emotions, thoughts, actions and the feeling of well-being. One of the doctrines of Ayurveda also emphasizes on the necessity to control the impulses of emotions which are otherwise meant to cause the mental illness as well as distress in relationships and society. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a guideline on how these activities and behavioral patterns should be observed in order to have their only positive impact on health and well-being.
== Sadvrtta : As an important determinant of health ==
The 3 main causes for development of any diseases are considered as [[Prajnaparadha (प्रज्ञापराधः)|Prajnaparadha]], inappropriate exposure of sense organs to their objects and inappropriate occurrences of various seasons/ times of the year. Sadvrtta is a behavior that keeps individual from taking inappropriate actions resulting from Intellectual blasphemy. Thus, it is considered as the preventive aspect of health.
The 3 main causes for development of any diseases are considered as [[Prajnaparadha (प्रज्ञापराधः)|Prajnaparadha]], inappropriate exposure of sense organs to their objects and inappropriate occurrences of various seasons/ times of the year. Sadvrtta is a behavior that keeps individual from taking inappropriate actions resulting from Intellectual blasphemy. Thus, it is considered as the preventive aspect of health.
It is also believed that, by incorporating the ethical and moral values in daily activities one can avoid untoward consequences leading to stress, anxiety and emotional breakdowns and help prevent their negative impact on health. Good personal conduct provides good health and a control over individual senses and desires. Emotional imbalances caused due to Prajnaparada, interrupt the social conduct of a person leading to psychosomatic disease. Thus, it is required that, each and every part of the society follows this conduct in order to maintain one's own health as well as to help maintain peace, safety, stability in the society which is important for the welfare of the entire human race.
It is also believed that, by incorporating the ethical and moral values in daily activities one can avoid untoward consequences leading to stress, anxiety and emotional breakdowns and help prevent their negative impact on health. Good personal conduct provides good health and a control over individual senses and desires. Emotional imbalances caused due to Prajnaparadha, interrupt the social conduct of a person leading to psychosomatic disease. Thus, it is required that, each and every part of the society follows this conduct in order to maintain one's own health as well as to help maintain peace, safety, stability in the society which is important for the welfare of the entire human race.
== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
Sad means good/moral/ethical
The term Sadvrtta is composed of 2 parts, 'Sad' and 'Vrtta'.
# Sad means good/moral/ethical and,
Vrtta refers to Behavior or conduct
# Vrtta refers to Behavior or conduct
Thus the term Sadvrtta means 'Good behavior or conduct'
Thus the term Sadvrtta means 'Good behavior or conduct'
== Various components of Sadvrtta ==
== Various components of Sadvrtta ==
In order to maintain positive health and have control over one's sense organs various acharyas have proposed the sadvrttam. Acharya Charaka has put forward the following code for one's personal and social well-being.
In order to maintain positive health and have control over one's sense organs various acharyas have proposed Sadvrttam. Acharya Charaka has put forward the following code for one's personal and social well-being as a part of Sadvrtta.
=== The Codes of Conduct to balance mind and emotions ===
* One should take an initiative during discourses and remain pleasant faced.
* One should take an initiative during discourses and remain pleasant faced.
* One should save persons in dire situations or distress
* One should save persons in dire situations or distress
*Should always concentrate on the qualities of peaceful life and should be the remover of the causes of attachment and aversion.
*Should always concentrate on the qualities of peaceful life and should be the remover of the causes of attachment and aversion.
* One should not initiate quarrels.
* One should not initiate quarrels.
* Should be self controlled & virtuous
* Should be self controlled & virtuous
* One should be zealous to the cause but not be anxious about the result/outcome
* One should be zealous to the cause but not be anxious about the result/outcome
* One should be devoted to the teachers, accomplished persons and to those who are superior in modesty, intellect, learning, clan and age.
* One should be devoted to the teachers, accomplished persons and to those who are superior in modesty, intellect, learning, clan and age.
==== Forbidden codes of conduct ====
* One should not tell lies and should not take other’s possessions
* One should not tell lies and should not take other’s possessions
* Should not covet other’s women or property
* Should not covet other’s women or property
* One should not be attached to women, friends and servants with sinful conduct, should not oppose or antagonize superior persons and be attached to inferior persons.
* One should not be attached to women, friends and servants with sinful conduct, should not oppose or antagonize superior persons and be attached to inferior persons.
* One should not take interest in crooked things, take refuge of wicked persons and indulge in frightening/ terrorising acts.
* One should not take interest in crooked things, take refuge of wicked persons and indulge in frightening/ terrorising acts.
=== Code for maintaining general health and Well-being ===
This code of conduct also plays important role in the prevention of diseases by offering strength and safety guidelines to the physical body.
* One should apply oil to head, ear, nose, and feet daily and should resort to (healthy) smoking
* One should apply oil to head, ear, nose, and feet daily and should resort to (healthy) smoking
* One should bathe twice a day, and one should clean his excretory passages and feet frequently
* One should bathe twice a day, and one should clean his excretory passages and feet frequently
* One should not be engaged in other works while natural urge arises.
* One should not be engaged in other works while natural urge arises.
=== Code of conduct for maintaining personal and social hygiene ===
* One should not spit out sputum, pass feces and urine in front of the winds, fire, water, the moon, the sun, and the preceptors.
* One should not spit out sputum, pass feces and urine in front of the winds, fire, water, the moon, the sun, and the preceptors.
* One should not urinate on the road, in crowded (public) places and while taking food.
* One should not urinate on the road, in crowded (public) places and while taking food.
* One should not laugh loudly, release flatus with sound, should not yawn, sneeze, or laugh with uncovered mouth, should not contort the nose, grind teeth, make scratching sounds using nails, strike the bones, scrape the earth, cut the grass, press the earthen lamp, perform any improper actions of body parts .
* One should not laugh loudly, release flatus with sound, should not yawn, sneeze, or laugh with uncovered mouth, should not contort the nose, grind teeth, make scratching sounds using nails, strike the bones, scrape the earth, cut the grass, press the earthen lamp, perform any improper actions of body parts .
==== Etiquette for Eating ====
=== Codes and Etiquette for Eating ===
Health and wellness
Health and wellness
* One should not eat without wearing precious stones in the hand or without taking bath or while wearing torn clothes, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to God, without offerings to the departed forefathers, teachers, guests and dependants.
* One should not eat without wearing precious stones in the hand or without taking bath or while wearing torn clothes, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to God, without offerings to the departed forefathers, teachers, guests and dependants.
* One should not finish the all food (served in the plate) articles except the curd, honey, salt, roasted grain flour and ghee (these should be finished). (Ref)
* One should not finish the all food (served in the plate) articles except the curd, honey, salt, roasted grain flour and ghee (these should be finished). (Ref)
* One should not take curd at night. One should not consume roasted grain flour without mixing it with ghee and sugar, in the night, after meals, in large quantity, twice daily or interrupted with water intake or tearing with teeth.
* One should not take curd at night. One should not consume roasted grain flour without mixing it with ghee and sugar, in the night, after meals, in large quantity, twice daily or interrupted with water intake or tearing with teeth.
=== Behavioral codes to be followed in society ===
To maintain personal as well as social health, peace, safety, security and morality.
==== Codes for Behavior with Women ====
==== Codes for Behavior with Women ====
* should not perform sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, with a woman suffering from a disease, or one who is impure, inauspicious, with undesirable appearance, with bad behavior/conducts and manners or with the one devoid of skills.
* should not perform sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, with a woman suffering from a disease, or one who is impure, inauspicious, with undesirable appearance, with bad behavior/conducts and manners or with the one devoid of skills.
* One should not perform sexual intercourse with women who are not friendly, or one who is not having passionate desire or has passionate desire for some other person or is married to some other person.
* One should not perform sexual intercourse with women who are not friendly, or one who is not having passionate desire or has passionate desire for some other person or is married to some other person.
* One should not perform sexual intercourse under holy trees, at sacred places, public courtyard, on a crossroad, in a garden, at cremation ground, execution place/ slaughter house, near water reservoir, in the medicine stores. Sexual intercourse is also prohibited in the houses of brahmins, teachers and in temples.
* One should not perform sexual intercourse under holy trees, at sacred places, public courtyard, on a crossroad, in a garden, at cremation ground, execution place/ slaughter house, near water reservoir, in the medicine stores. Sexual intercourse is also prohibited in the houses of brahmins, teachers and in temples.
* One should not perform sexual intercourse during the dawn and dusk and on inauspicious days i.e. on full moon days and ''pratipadas'', etc. One should not perform sexual intercourse if unclean, if not taken aphrodisiacs, without prior determination and desire, without having proper erection, without food or after excessive food intake, on uneven place, while under the urge of micturition or defecation, after exertion, physical exercise, during fasting, after exhaustion or in a place having no privacy .
* One should not perform sexual intercourse during the dawn and dusk and on inauspicious days i.e. on full moon days and ''pratipadas'', etc. One should not perform sexual intercourse if unclean, if not taken aphrodisiacs, without prior determination and desire, without having proper erection, without food or after excessive food intake, on uneven place, while under the urge of micturition or defecation, after exertion, physical exercise, during fasting, after exhaustion or in a place having no privacy .
==== Behavior Code with Preceptors ====
==== Behavior Code with Preceptors ====
* One should not speak ill of noble persons and preceptors.
* One should not speak ill of noble persons and preceptors.
* One should not perform spells, worship of sacred trees and superiors, and studies while remaining impure.
* One should not perform spells, worship of sacred trees and superiors, and studies while remaining impure.
==== Codes for Social Behavior ====
==== Codes for Social Behavior in general ====
* One should not deviate from generally approved social practices and should not break any code of conduct.
* One should not deviate from generally approved social practices and should not break any code of conduct.
* One should not move in the night or in an inappropriate place. One should not indulge in taking food, studies, sexual relations or sleep during the dawn or dusk.
* One should not move in the night or in an inappropriate place. One should not indulge in taking food, studies, sexual relations or sleep during the dawn or dusk.
* One should not speak too much nor treat kins, persons attached, that stood along in difficult times and the persons who know the secrets disparagingly.
* One should not speak too much nor treat kins, persons attached, that stood along in difficult times and the persons who know the secrets disparagingly.
=== Code for Learning and Studying ===
* One should not study when there is unseasonal lightning, houses appear as if they are burnt, during outbreak of fire, earthquake, grand festivals, fall of meteors, eclipses (solar or lunar). One should not study on a new moon day, during dawn or dusk.
* One should not study when there is unseasonal lightning, houses appear as if they are burnt, during outbreak of fire, earthquake, grand festivals, fall of meteors, eclipses (solar or lunar). One should not study on a new moon day, during dawn or dusk.
* One should not study without being instructed by preceptor. One should not pronounce words in low, high, weak or deranged voice, without proper accents and morphological symmetry, neither too fast nor too slow, nor with excessive delay and nor with too high or too low pitch of sound.
* One should not study without being instructed by preceptor. One should not pronounce words in low, high, weak or deranged voice, without proper accents and morphological symmetry, neither too fast nor too slow, nor with excessive delay and nor with too high or too low pitch of sound.
=== Codes for Maintaining Good Psyche in Society ===
* One should not be impatient, or overexcited/ over exhilarated.
* One should not be impatient, or overexcited/ over exhilarated.
* One should not be the person who does not support his attendants, confide in his kins, be happy alone and has unpleasant conduct, behaviour and attendance.
* One should not be the person who does not support his attendants, confide in his kins, be happy alone and has unpleasant conduct, behaviour and attendance.
* One should not be despondent and assume that now nothing can be done.
* One should not be despondent and assume that now nothing can be done.
* One should not lose spirit (give up courage) nor should remember his insults.
* One should not lose spirit (give up courage) nor should remember his insults.
=== Auspicious Codes of Conduct related to Dharma ===
* One should worship God, cows, those who are involved in pious acts, preceptors, elderly persons, highly accomplished persons and teachers.
* One should worship God, cows, those who are involved in pious acts, preceptors, elderly persons, highly accomplished persons and teachers.
* One should honor fire with oblation, should put on auspicious herbs in fire (ref
* One should honor fire with oblation, should put on auspicious herbs in fire (ref