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== Sadvrtta (सद्वृत्तम्) ==

== Sadvrtta (सद्वृत्तम्) ==

Sadvrtta is a code of good conduct expounded by Ayurveda Acharyas for personal as well as social health. Sadvrtta provides various guidelines regarding day-to-day activities and their throws light on their correlation with various aspects of health. This code of conduct is described under the section of preventive medicine in Ayurveda. It is believed that, when religiously observed, this code of conduct helps to balance one's physical, mental and social aspects of health. Thus, Sadvrtta can also be called as health promoting conduct.

Sadvrtta (सद्वृत्तम्।) is a code of good conduct put forward by Ayurveda Acharyas for maintaining personal as well as social health. Sadvrtta provides guidelines on various day-to-day activities and throws light on their role in various aspects of health. This code of conduct is described under the section of preventive medicine in Ayurveda. It is believed that, when religiously observed, this code of conduct helps to balance one's physical, mental and social aspects of health. Thus, Sadvrtta can also be called as health promoting conduct.

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

Ayurveda focuses on maintaining balanced state of body and mind. Ayurveda also believes that, not just the food we consume, but also each and every part of our lifestyle and behavior has definitive effect on our health and well-being. These day-to-day activities include, those related to general hygiene, food consumption, sexual intercourse, exercise and also communication or pattern of one's behavior while living in the society. All these factors directly or indirectly affect one's body, emotions, thoughts, actions and the feeling of well-being. One of the doctrines of Ayurveda also emphasizes on the necessity to control the impulses of emotions which are otherwise meant to cause the mental illness as well as distress in relationships and society. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a guideline on how these activities and behavioral patterns should be observed in order to have their only positive impact on health and well-being.

Ayurveda focuses on maintaining balanced state of body, mind, senses and life energy. Ayurveda also believes that, not just the food we consume, but also each and every part of our lifestyle and behavior has definitive effect on our health and well-being. These day-to-day activities include, those related to general hygiene, food consumption, sexual intercourse, exercise and also communication or pattern of one's behavior while living in the society. All these factors directly or indirectly affect one's body, emotions, thoughts, actions and the feeling of well-being in life. One of the doctrines of Ayurveda also emphasizes on the necessity to control the impulses of emotions which are otherwise meant to cause the mental illness as well as distress in relationships and society. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a guideline on how these activities and behavioral patterns should be observed in order to have their only positive impact on life.

== सद्वृत्तस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणे कार्यभागः॥ Sadvrtta : As an important determinant of health ==

== सद्वृत्तस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणे कार्यभागः॥ Sadvrtta : As an important determinant of health ==

The 3 main causes for development of any diseases are considered as [[Prajnaparadha (प्रज्ञापराधः)|Prajnaparadha]], inappropriate exposure of sense organs to their objects and inappropriate occurrences of various seasons/ times of the year. Sadvrtta is a behavior that keeps individual from taking inappropriate actions resulting from Intellectual blasphemy. Thus, it is considered as the preventive aspect of health.  

The 3 main causes for development of any diseases are considered as [[Prajnaparadha (प्रज्ञापराधः)|Prajnaparadha]] (प्रज्ञापराधः। intellectual errors and offense against wisdom), inappropriate exposure of sense organs to their objects and inappropriate occurrences of various seasons/ times of the year. Sadvrtta is a behavior that keeps individual from taking inappropriate actions that may result due to Intellectual blasphemy. Thus, Sadvrtta is considered as the preventive aspect of health.  

It is also believed that, by incorporating the ethical and moral values in daily activities one can avoid untoward consequences leading to stress, anxiety and emotional breakdowns and help prevent their negative impact on health. Good personal conduct provides good health and a control over individual senses and desires. Emotional imbalances caused due to Prajnaparadha, interrupt the social conduct of a person leading to psychosomatic disease. Thus, it is required that, each and every part of the society follows this conduct in order to maintain one's own health as well as to help maintain peace, safety, stability in the society which is important for the welfare of the entire human race.   

It is also believed that, by incorporating the ethical and moral values in daily activities one can avoid untoward consequences leading to stress, anxiety and emotional breakdowns and help prevent their negative impact on health. Good personal conduct provides good health and a control over individual senses and desires. Emotional imbalances caused due to Prajnaparadha, interrupt the social conduct of a person leading to psychosomatic disease. Thus, it is required that, each and every part of the society follows this conduct in order to maintain one's own health as well as to help maintain peace, safety, stability in the society which is important for the welfare of the entire human race.   

== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==

== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==

The term Sadvrtta is composed of 2 parts, 'Sad' and 'Vrtta'.  

The term Sadvrtta is composed of 2 parts, 'Sad' (सद्। Or सत्।) and 'Vrtta' (वृत्तम्।).  

# Sad means good/moral/ethical and,  

# Sad (सद्। Or सत्।) means good/moral/ethical and, {{Citation needed}}

# Vrtta refers to Behavior or conduct

# Vrtta (वृत्तम्।) refers to Behavior or conduct {{Citation needed}}

Thus the term Sadvrtta means 'Good behavior or conduct'

Thus the term Sadvrtta means 'Good behavior or conduct'

References in Ayurveda Samhita

Acharya Charaka has highlighted the importance of following Sadvrtta. He says that if followed religiously,  Sadvrutta helps to conquer Indriyas, indicating control over senses and desires. Control over Indriyas (इन्द्रियम्।) confers prevention from diseases caused due to their excess, deficient or abnormal involvement in their objects of focus. This ultimately helps to prevent various diseases.

# Charaka Sutrasthana 8/19

<blockquote>तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति  (Char. Sutra. 8/18)<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Indriyopakramaniya_Adhyaya Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sootra 18])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''taddhyanutiṣṭhan yugapat sampādayatyarthadvayamārogyamindriyavijayaṁ ceti''</blockquote>

Meaning : That (sadvritta), if practiced simultaneously fulfills two objectives – maintenance of positive health and control over sense organs.  

 

 

Meaning : That (''sadvritta''), if practiced simultaneously fulfills two objectives – maintenance of positive health and control over sense organs.  

== सद्वृत्ताचरणम्॥  Various components of Sadvrtta ==

== सद्वृत्ताचरणम्॥  Various components of Sadvrtta ==

   

   

In order to maintain positive health and have control over one's sense organs various acharyas have proposed Sadvrttam. Acharya Charaka has put forward the following code for one's personal and social well-being as a part of Sadvrtta.   

In order to maintain positive health and have control over one's sense organs various acharyas have proposed Sadvrttam. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayama, Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 3</ref> <ref>Ashtanga Sangraha Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5</ref> Acharya Charaka has put forward the following code for one's personal and social well-being as a part of Sadvrtta.<ref name=":0" />  

=== मानस सद्वृत्तम् ॥ The Codes of Conduct to balance mind and emotions ===

=== मानस सद्वृत्तम् ॥ The Codes of Conduct to balance mind and emotions ===

* One should take an initiative during discourses and remain pleasant faced.

* <blockquote>सर्वप्राणिषु बन्धुभूतः स्यात्, क्रुद्धानामनुनेता, भीतानामाश्वासयिता, दीनानामभ्युपपत्ता, सत्यसन्धः, सामप्रधानः ,परपरुषवचनसहिष्णुः, अमर्षघ्नः, प्रशमगुणदर्शी, रागद्वेषहेतूनां हन्ता च|| </blockquote>

* One should save persons in dire situations or distress

<blockquote>(Help and save those persons who are in dire situations or distress, should be compassionate), should pacify the angry and the discontent, and console the frightened)</blockquote>

* Remain pleasant faced and take an initiative during discourses, be truthful & peaceful..

*Should behave like brother to all living beings (i.e., should be compassionate), should pacify the angry and the discontent, and console the frightened

*Should help the poor, be truthful & peaceful.

*Should be tolerant of harsh words, and should curb the practice of intolerance

*Should be tolerant of harsh words, and should curb the practice of intolerance

*Should always concentrate on the qualities of peaceful life and should be the remover of the causes of attachment and aversion.

*Should always concentrate on the qualities of peaceful life and should be the remover of the causes of attachment and aversion.

* One should not initiate quarrels.

* One should not initiate quarrels.

* Should be self controlled & virtuous

* Should be self controlled & virtuous

* One should be zealous to the cause but not be anxious about the result/outcome

 

* <blockquote>हेतावीर्ष्युः, फले नेर्ष्युः || </blockquote>

<blockquote>(One should be zealous to the cause but not be anxious about the result/outcome)</blockquote>

* One should be free from anxiety, fearless, shy (from committing bad deeds), wise, highly enthusiastic, skillful, fore bearing, religious, with positive attitude

* One should be free from anxiety, fearless, shy (from committing bad deeds), wise, highly enthusiastic, skillful, fore bearing, religious, with positive attitude

* One should be devoted to the teachers, accomplished persons and to those who are superior in modesty, intellect, learning, clan and age.

* One should be devoted to the teachers, accomplished persons and to those who are superior in modesty, intellect, learning, clan and age.

=== भोजनविषये सद्वृत्तम् ॥ Codes and Etiquette for Eating ===

=== भोजनविषये सद्वृत्तम् ॥ Codes and Etiquette for Eating ===

* One should not eat without wearing precious stones in the hand or without taking bath or while wearing torn clothes, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to God, without offerings to the departed forefathers, teachers, guests and dependents.

* One should not eat without wearing precious stones in the hand or without taking bath or while wearing torn clothes, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to God, without offerings to the departed forefathers, teachers, guests and dependants.

* One should not eat without applying purifying fragrance and garland, without washing hands, feet and face, without cleaning the mouth, facing towards the north, with depressed /stressed mind, surrounded by the disloyal, undisciplined, unclean and hungry attendants, in unclean utensils or at improper place and time, in crowded surroundings, without first offering to the fire, without sprinkling with sacred water, without sanctifying it with mantras, with contemptuous disposition towards the food.

* One should not eat without applying purifying fragrance and garland, without washing hands, feet and face, without cleaning the mouth, facing towards the north, with depressed /stressed mind, surrounded by the disloyal, undisciplined, unclean and hungry attendants, in unclean utensils or at improper place and time, in crowded surroundings, without first offering to the fire, without sprinkling with sacred water, without sanctifying it with mantras, with contemptuous disposition towards the food.

* One should not take contaminated meal or food which has been served by enemies or opponents.

* One should not take contaminated meal or food which has been served by enemies or opponents.

* One should not take stale food (meat, salad, dry vegetables, fruit and hard eatables).

* One should not take stale food.

* One should not take curd at night.

* One should not take curd at night. One should not consume roasted grain flour without mixing it with ghee and sugar, in the night, after meals, in large quantity, twice daily or interrupted with water intake or tearing with teeth.

=== आचारनियमाः ॥ Behavioral codes to be followed in society ===

=== आचारनियमाः ॥ Behavioral codes to be followed in society ===

==== Codes for Behavior with Women ====

==== Codes for Behavior with Women ====

* should not perform sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, with a woman suffering from a disease, or one who is impure, inauspicious, with undesirable appearance, with bad behavior/conducts and manners or with the one devoid of skills.

* One should not perform sexual intercourse with women who are not friendly, or one who is not having passionate desire or has passionate desire for some other person or is married to some other person.

* The female partner selected for performing sexual activity should be healthy. It is not recommended to perform sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual period, with a woman suffering from a disease, or one who is unhygienic, with undesirable qualities, with bad behavior/conducts and manners.

* One should not perform sexual intercourse with other animal species except human being, and with other body parts except genitals.

* One should not indulge in physical intimacy with a woman who is not having passionate desire or has passionate desire for some other person or is married to some other person.

* Involving in sexual activities with partner from other animal species or unnatural routes is prohibited.

* One should not perform sexual intercourse under holy trees, at sacred places, public courtyard, on a crossroad, in a garden, at cremation ground, execution place/ slaughter house, near water reservoir, in the medicine stores. Sexual intercourse is also prohibited in the houses of brahmins, teachers and in temples.

* One should not perform sexual intercourse under holy trees, at sacred places, public courtyard, on a crossroad, in a garden, at cremation ground, execution place/ slaughter house, near water reservoir, in the medicine stores. Sexual intercourse is also prohibited in the houses of brahmins, teachers and in temples.

* One should not perform sexual intercourse during the dawn and dusk and on inauspicious days i.e. on full moon days and ''pratipadas'', etc. One should not perform sexual intercourse if unclean, if not taken aphrodisiacs, without prior determination and desire, without having proper erection, without food or after excessive food intake, on uneven place, while under the urge of micturition or defecation, after exertion, physical exercise, during fasting, after exhaustion or in a place having no privacy .

* One should not perform sexual intercourse during the dawn and dusk and on inauspicious days i.e. on full moon days and pratipadas, etc. One should not perform sexual intercourse if unclean, if not taken aphrodisiacs, without prior determination and desire, without having proper erection, without food or after excessive food intake, on uneven place, while under the urge of micturition or defecation, after exertion, physical exercise, during fasting, after exhaustion or in a place having no privacy .

==== Behavior Code with Preceptors ====

==== Behavior Code with Preceptors ====

following which leads to prevention of psychological, physical & psychosomatic disorders.  And all over, sadvritta play a vital role in preventing communicable diseases.

following which leads to prevention of psychological, physical & psychosomatic disorders.  And all over, sadvritta play a vital role in preventing communicable diseases.

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[[Category:Ayurveda]]

[[Category:Ayurveda]]