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Pratyahara (प्रत्याहारः) (view source)
Revision as of 18:14, 27 January 2023
, 18:14, 27 January 2023→योगोपनिषत्सु प्रत्याहारः ॥ Pratyahara in Yogopanishads: Adding content - to be edited
* The Shandilya Upanishad and Darshana Upanishad describe Pratyahara as follows:
* The Shandilya Upanishad and Darshana Upanishad describe Pratyahara as follows:
अथ प्रत्याहारः । स पञ्चविधः विषयेषु विचरतामिन्द्रियाणां बलादाहरणं प्रत्याहरः । यद्यत्पश्यति तत्सर्वमामेति प्रत्याहारः । नित्यविहितकर्मफलत्यागः प्रत्याहारः । सर्वविषयपराङ्मुखत्वं प्रत्याहारः । अष्टादशसु मर्मस्थानेषु क्रमाद्धारणं प्रत्याहारः । पादाङ्गुष्ठगुल्फजङ्घाजानूरुपायुमेढ्रनाभिहृदयकण्ठकूपतालुनासाक्षिभ्रूमध्यललाटमूर्ध्नि स्थानानि । तेषु क्रमादारोहावरोहक्रमेण प्रत्याहरेत् ॥ १.८॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Shandilyopanishad]</ref>
अथ प्रत्याहारः । स पञ्चविधः विषयेषु विचरतामिन्द्रियाणां बलादाहरणं प्रत्याहरः । यद्यत्पश्यति तत्सर्वमामेति प्रत्याहारः । नित्यविहितकर्मफलत्यागः प्रत्याहारः । सर्वविषयपराङ्मुखत्वं प्रत्याहारः । अष्टादशसु मर्मस्थानेषु क्रमाद्धारणं प्रत्याहारः । पादाङ्गुष्ठगुल्फजङ्घाजानूरुपायुमेढ्रनाभिहृदयकण्ठकूपतालुनासाक्षिभ्रूमध्यललाटमूर्ध्नि स्थानानि । तेषु क्रमादारोहावरोहक्रमेण प्रत्याहरेत् ॥ १.८॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Shandilyopanishad]</ref>
Henceforward the Pratyahara. That is of five kinds. The forcible withdrawal of the organs of perception, from the sensual pleasures wherein thej' respectively revel, is Pratyahara. Whatever one sees, looking upon all that as the Atman, is Pratyahara (of another kind). The giving up of the fruits of the observances prescribed for every day is Pratyahara (of a third kind). Turning one's face away from all sensual pleasures is Pratyahara (of yet another kind). The projecting (of the vital air) into • the eighteen Marman-s (vital parts of the body) in the prescribed order, is the Pratyahara (of the fifth variety) The (vital) parts are in the feet, the big-toes of the feet, ankles, shanks, knees, thighs, anus, genitals, navel, heart, throat, cavity of the throat, palate, nostrils, eyes, middle of the eyebrows, forehead, and crest. In them should the practitioner perform Pratyahara in order, by (projecting) upwards into and (withdrawing) back frorri them respectively (his mind, vital air, etc.) (1, 2)<ref name=":5" />
प्रत्याहारलक्षणम्, तद्भेदाश्च
प्रत्याहारलक्षणम्, तद्भेदाश्च
अथापानात् कटिद्वन्द्वे तथोरौ च सुमध्यमे । तस्माज्जानुद्वये जङ्घे पादाङ्गुष्ठे निरोधयेत् ॥८॥
अथापानात् कटिद्वन्द्वे तथोरौ च सुमध्यमे । तस्माज्जानुद्वये जङ्घे पादाङ्गुष्ठे निरोधयेत् ॥८॥
प्रत्याहारोऽयमुक्तस्तु प्रत्याहारपरैः पुरा ।<ref name=":7">A. Mahadeva Sastri (1920), [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.345354/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater The Yoga Upanishads], Madras: The Adyar Library.</ref>
प्रत्याहारोऽयमुक्तस्तु प्रत्याहारपरैः पुरा ।<ref name=":7">A. Mahadeva Sastri (1920), [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.345354/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater The Yoga Upanishads], Madras: The Adyar Library.</ref>
Thereafter I shall presently describe Pratyahara, O great sage ' The forcible bringing back of the senses, which, in virtue of their very nature, roam about among the objects of sensual pleasure, is what is known as Pratyahara. (1, 2)
Whatever one sees, seeing in all that the Brahman, with perfect control of the mind, this is Pratyahara, sjxiken of by the knowers of the Brahman from days of yore. Whatever one does, whether pure or impure, till the moment of his death, all that, he should do unto the Brahman. That is Pratyahara. Or, one should perform his daily ceremonial observances and other rites intended for the accomplishment of his duties^ with the mental attitude that they are for the propitia^ tion of the Brahman. That is known as Pratyahara* Otherwise, after drawing m the air, he should confine It in place after place ; from the root of the teeth thence at the throat should he confine the air ; from the throat thence at the chest , drawing it in from the chest he should confine it at the navel region ; drawing it in from the navel region he should confine it at the Kundall ; the knowing man should, from the region of the Kundiali, confine it at the Muladhara ; then out of the Apana (vital air) he should confine at the two hips ; thence similarly at the middle of the thighs ; thence at the two knees, at the shanks and the big toes of the feet should he confine it , this has been said to be Pratyahara by knowers of Pratyahara of yore. (2-9)<ref name=":5" />
Darshanopanishad ref: https://cloudup.com/casG3wXfwfC
Darshanopanishad ref: https://cloudup.com/casG3wXfwfC
* Projection of ''pranic'' (vital) energy and mind on the 18 vital regions of one’s body (''marmasthanas)'' by shifting attention from one point to another.<ref name=":6" />
* Projection of ''pranic'' (vital) energy and mind on the 18 vital regions of one’s body (''marmasthanas)'' by shifting attention from one point to another.<ref name=":6" />
प्रत्याहारफलम् - वायुधारणात्मकप्रत्याहारः - वदान्तसम्मतप्रत्याहारः ।<ref name=":7" />
प्रत्याहारफलम् - Fruit of Pratyahara
एवमभ्यासयुक्तस्य पुरुषस्य महात्मनः ॥९॥
सर्वपापनि नश्यन्ति भवरोगश्च सुव्रत ।<ref name=":7" />
O thou of austere vow ' All the sins as well as the disease of worldly existence, of that high-souled person who has practice of this kind, perish altogether. (9, 10)<ref name=":5" />
वायुधारणात्मकप्रत्याहारः - Pratyahara characterised by the retention of breath
नासाभ्यां वायुमाकृष्य निश्चलः स्वस्तिकासनः ॥१०॥
पूरयेदनिलं विद्वानापादतलमस्तकम् । पश्चात् पादद्वये तद्वत् मूलाधारे तथैव च ॥११॥
नाभिकन्दे च हृन्मध्ये कण्ठमूले च तालुके । भ्रुवोर्मध्ये ललाटे च तथा मूर्धनि धारयेत् ॥१२॥<ref name=":7" />
Motionless and in the Svastika posture, drawing in the breath through the nostrils, the knowing Yogin should fill in the air from the sole of the feet to the crest. Then, in the pair of feet likewise, in -the Muladhara similarly, in the knot of the navel, in the middle of the heart, at the root of the throat, at the palate, between the eyebrows, in the forehead and in the head should he retain it. (10-12)<ref name=":5" />
वदान्तसम्मतप्रत्याहारः । Pratyahara with the Sanction of the Vedanta
देहे त्वात्ममतिं विद्वान् समाकृष्य समाहितः । आत्मनाऽऽत्मनि निर्द्वन्द्वे निर्विकल्पे निरोधयेत् ॥१३॥
प्रत्याहारः समाख्यातः साक्षाद्वेदान्तवेदिभिः । एवमभ्यसतस्तस्य न किञ्चिदपि दुर्लभम् ॥१४॥<ref name=":7" />
Having mentally abstracted the idea of the Atman m the body, with his mind well under control, the knowmg Yogin should confine his Atman in the nondual, indeterminate Atman (the Brahman). This is known as the actual Pratyahara by those well-versed in the Vedanta. To one who practises thus, nothing IS unattainable. (13, 14)<ref name=":5" />
== प्रत्याहारस्य महत्त्वम् ॥ Importance of Pratyahara ==
== प्रत्याहारस्य महत्त्वम् ॥ Importance of Pratyahara ==