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== रोगहेतवः॥ Cause of Diseases ==

== रोगहेतवः॥ Cause of Diseases ==

Ayurveda considers 3 fundamental causes for any disease.  <blockquote>असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति त्रयस्त्रिविधविकल्पा हेतवो विकाराणां, समयोगयुक्तास्तु प्रक्रुतिहेतवो भवन्ति । (Char. Samh. 11.44) <ref name=":0">Charakasamhita (Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutram 44)</ref></blockquote><blockquote>asātmyendriyārthasaṁyogaḥ, prajñāparādhaḥ, pariṇāmaśceti trayastrividhavikalpā hetavo vikārāṇāṁ, samayogayuktāstu prakrutihetavo bhavanti ।</blockquote>Meaning: According to Acharya Charaka the causes are as follows, <ref name=":0" />   

Ayurveda considers 3 fundamental causes for any disease.  <blockquote>असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति त्रयस्त्रिविधविकल्पा हेतवो विकाराणां, समयोगयुक्तास्तु प्रक्रुतिहेतवो भवन्ति । (Char. Samh. 11.44) <ref name=":0">Charakasamhita (Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutram 44)</ref></blockquote><blockquote>asātmyendriyārthasaṁyogaḥ, prajñāparādhaḥ, pariṇāmaśceti trayastrividhavikalpā hetavo vikārāṇāṁ, samayogayuktāstu prakrutihetavo bhavanti ।</blockquote>Meaning: According to Acharya Charaka the causes are as follows, <ref name=":0" />   

# असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः । Asatmendriyartha Samyoga (Inappropriate contact of objects with sense organs)  

# असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः । Asatmendriyartha Samyoga (Inappropriate contact of objects with senses)  

# प्रज्ञापराधः। Pradjnaparadha (Intellectual error) and  

# प्रज्ञापराधः। Pradjnaparadha (Intellectual error) and  

# परिणामः। Parinama (Consequences)  

# परिणामः। Parinama (Consequences/ Time)  

हीन। Heena (Under/ deficient), मिथ्या । Mithya (Inappropriate/perverted) or अति । Ati (Excessive) yoga (union, exposure or contact) with any 3 of the above is said to result in development of diseases.   

हीन। Heena (Under/ deficient), मिथ्या । Mithya (Inappropriate/perverted) or अति । Ati (Excessive) yoga (union, exposure or contact) with any 3 of the above is said to result in development of diseases.   

== परिणामः॥ Parinama (Kala) ==

== परिणामः॥ Parinama (Kala) ==

कालः। Kala is the term referred to the various times of the year divided into 6 ऋतवः। Rutu (seasons) like हेमंतः। Hemant, ग्रीष्मः। Greeshma and वर्षा। Varsha characterized by Cold, Heat and Rains respectively. These external factors like cold, heat and rains affect the bodily constituents. Their excess, deficient or abnormal occurrences lead to imbalance in दोषाः। Doshas resulting in disease development. For example excessive rains, deficient rains or rains in the season of cold represent abnormal seasonal variations and  are considered as the causes for development of diseases.   

कालः। [[Kala (कालः)|Kala]] is the term referred to the various times of the year divided into 6 ऋतवः। Rutu (seasons) like हेमंतः। Hemant, ग्रीष्मः। Greeshma and वर्षा। Varsha characterized by Cold, Heat and Rains respectively. These external factors like cold, heat and rains affect the bodily constituents. Their excess, deficient or abnormal occurrences lead to imbalance in दोषाः। Doshas resulting in disease development. For example excessive rains, deficient rains or rains in the season of cold represent abnormal seasonal variations and  are considered as the causes for development of diseases.   

== प्रज्ञापराधः ॥ Prajnaparadha (Karma) ==

== प्रज्ञापराधः ॥ Prajnaparadha (Karma) ==

== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==

== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==

Literally, the word प्रज्ञा । Pradnya means wisdom or intelligence and अपराधः। Apradha means offence.  

Literally, the word प्रज्ञा । Pradnya means wisdom or intelligence and अपराधः। Aparadha means offence.  

Thus, the meaning of term ‘Pradnyaparadha’ becomes "an offence against wisdom".   

Thus, the meaning of term ‘Pradnyaparadha’ becomes "an offence against wisdom".   

It is called as an offense because such actions adversely affect the individual who is performing those actions and in spite of knowing possible consequences, one takes a step towards it. Thus, these are the thoughtless actions that are undertaken without apprehending their detrimental effects ignoring one’s wisdom or inner voice.  

It is called as an offense because, such actions adversely affect the individual who is performing those actions and, in spite of knowing possible consequences, one takes a step towards it. Thus, these are the thoughtless actions that are undertaken without apprehending their detrimental effects ignoring one’s wisdom or inner voice.  

=== परिभाषा ॥ Definition ===

=== परिभाषा ॥ Definition ===

=== प्रज्ञापराधस्य परिणामः॥ Effect of Prajnaparadha ===

=== प्रज्ञापराधस्य परिणामः॥ Effect of Prajnaparadha ===

The actions stimulated by pradnyaparadha disturb the balance of त्रिदोषाः। tridosa system in the body as well as vitiate मानस दोषाः। manasa doshas namely रजः। Rajas and तमः। Tamas creating favorable conditions for development of disease.  

The actions stimulated by prajnaparadha disturb the balance of त्रिदोषाः। tridosa system in the body as well as vitiate मानस दोषाः। manasa doshas namely रजः। Rajas and तमः। Tamas creating favorable conditions for development of disease.  

There are ample improper actions stimulated by Prajnaparadha which are root causes of various diseases, e.g., habit of suppression of any natural urge is a result of Prajnaparadha and multiple other diseases where inappropriate actions taken by individual lead to disease development. Thus avoiding Prajnaparadha is considered one of the key component in preventive healthcare in Ayurveda. <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([https://archive.org/details/Ashtanga.Hridaya.of.Vagbhata/page/n235 Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 32])</ref>  

There are ample improper actions stimulated by Prajnaparadha which are root causes of various diseases, e.g., habit of suppression of any natural urge is a result of Prajnaparadha and multiple other diseases where inappropriate actions taken by individual lead to disease development. Acharya charaha has clearly stated that, all agantu rogas [diseases caused due to factors like  Visha (toxins), vayu (poisonous gas or polluted, abnormal wind), agni (burns or excess heat) or samprahar (injury) etc] and psychiatric diseases like depression, phobias, hysteria or anger etc are rooted in Prajnaparadha. <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 7 Sutram 51-52])</ref> Thus avoiding Prajnaparadha is considered one of the key component in preventive healthcare in Ayurveda. <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([https://archive.org/details/Ashtanga.Hridaya.of.Vagbhata/page/n235 Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 32])</ref>  

== प्रज्ञापराधः अधर्मः च॥ Prajnaparadha and Adharma ==

== प्रज्ञापराधः अधर्मः च॥ Prajnaparadha and Adharma ==