Changes

Panchanga (Samskrit: पञ्चाङ्गम्) refers to the Bharatiya calendar system of timekeeping to maintain a record of day to day activities. While [[Kalamana (कालमानम्)|Kalamana]] discusses the different time measurement systems and their role and importance, a Panchanga refers to different times of the day and night and their importance. It is used to identify a particular day with respect to the weekday, month and year of a particular calendar system.  

Panchanga (Samskrit: पञ्चाङ्गम्) refers to the Bharatiya calendar system of timekeeping to maintain a record of day to day activities. While [[Kalamana (कालमानम्)|Kalamana]] discusses the different time measurement systems and their role and importance, a Panchanga refers to different times of the day and night and their importance. It is used to identify a particular day with respect to the weekday, month and year of a particular calendar system. {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aIlLAYJfHg

In different societies, depending on their requirements and practices - rituals, social and civil events - various calendar systems have evolved. These systems are essentially based on the solar year either tropical (savana) or sidereal (nakshatra) or lunar years (tithis or luni-solar).<ref name=":2">Rao, S. Balachandra. (2000) ''Indian Astronomy, An Introduction.'' Hyderabad: Universities Press (India) Limited. (Page 39-70)</ref> In the present times a Gregorian calendar is in use, almost globally, for all administrative and government records and events.  

In different societies, depending on their requirements and practices - rituals, social and civil events - various calendar systems have evolved. These systems are essentially based on the solar year either tropical (savana) or sidereal (nakshatra) or lunar years (tithis or luni-solar).<ref name=":2">Rao, S. Balachandra. (2000) ''Indian Astronomy, An Introduction.'' Hyderabad: Universities Press (India) Limited. (Page 39-70)</ref> In the present times a Gregorian calendar is in use, almost globally, for all administrative and government records and events.  

=== Roman Calendar and Leap Year ===

=== Roman Calendar and Leap Year ===

The basis of the Roman calendar, also referred to as the Christian calendar, is the tropical solar year. For an observer on the Earth, the time taken by the Sun to complete a revolution along the ecliptic with reference to the vernal equinox (the first point of the zodiac sign Aries) is one tropical solar year called as sayana saura varsha according to Indian terminology.<ref name=":2" />  

The basis of the Roman calendar, also referred to as the Christian calendar, is the tropical solar year. For an observer on the Earth, the time taken by the Sun to complete a revolution along the ecliptic with reference to the vernal equinox (the first point of the zodiac sign Aries) is one tropical solar year called as sayana saura varsha according to Indian terminology.<ref name=":2" /> {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMj0jb2ktpY&list=PLZ83joYJYmWR8dUgfxbcKFgxbCOaKw91J

- '''Savana Sauravarsha''' - Its average duration is 365.24219 days. For convenience in civil use, the whole number of this duration - 365 days - is considered normally in year. To account for the residual part - 0.24219th day, Julius Caesar added one extra day once in four years. That year having the extra day is called the Leap year consisting of 366 days.<ref name=":2" />  

- '''Savana Sauravarsha''' - Its average duration is 365.24219 days. For convenience in civil use, the whole number of this duration - 365 days - is considered normally in year. To account for the residual part - 0.24219th day, Julius Caesar added one extra day once in four years. That year having the extra day is called the Leap year consisting of 366 days.<ref name=":2" />

=== Julian Calendar and days in a month ===

=== Julian Calendar and days in a month ===