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Nyaya Darshana (Samskrit : न्यायदर्शनम्) is one of the most important darshana shastras from ancient times. The word Nyaya signifies going into a subject, i.e., investigating it analytically. In this sense of analysis, the word Nyaya is exactly opposed to Sankhya, synthesis. The Nyaya is sometimes called Tarka-Vidya or the Science of Debate, Vada-Vidya or the Science of Discussion. Tarka is the special feature of the Nyaya. Nyaya is not merely formal logic, but a complete epistemology (a theory of knowledge).<ref name=":1">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 190-196</ref>

Nyaya Darshana (Samskrit : न्यायदर्शनम्) is one of the most important darshana shastras from ancient times. The word Nyaya signifies going into a subject, i.e., investigating it analytically. In this sense of analysis, the word Nyaya is exactly opposed to Sankhya, synthesis. The Nyaya is sometimes called Tarka-Vidya or the Science of Debate, Vada-Vidya or the Science of Discussion. Tarka is the special feature of the Nyaya. Nyaya is not merely formal logic, but a complete epistemology (a theory of knowledge).<ref name=":1">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 190-196</ref>

 

== परिचयः || Introduction  ==

== परिचयः || Introduction  ==

To understand the vaidika dharma, knowledge of Nyaya is extremely important. Manu, the first law giver, explains that the principles of Dharma can be understood by systematic reasoning of Shrutis (श्रुत्यनुगामी तर्क). Nyaya throws light on all subjects, explains all karmas and thus is the foundation for all dharmas. Due to the wide ranging applicability of its principles, Nyaya is universally popular.<ref>Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1966) ''[https://archive.org/details/BharatiyaDarsanaSaraBaldevUpadhyaya/page/n201 Bharatiya Darshana]''. Varanasi : Sharada Mandir </ref> The distinguishing feature of Nyaya is its belief in the utility of analysis and in the reliability of reason, and systematically defending its standpoint against rival views. Some salient siddhantas of Nyaya include<ref>M. Hiriyanna, (1949) ''The Essentials of Indian Philosophy.'' London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd.</ref>  

To understand the vaidika dharma, knowledge of Nyaya is extremely important. Manu, the first law giver, explains that the principles of Dharma can be understood by systematic reasoning of Shrutis (श्रुत्यनुगामी तर्क). Nyaya throws light on all subjects, explains all karmas and thus is the foundation for all dharmas. Due to the wide ranging applicability of its principles, Nyaya is universally popular.<ref>Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1966) ''[https://archive.org/details/BharatiyaDarsanaSaraBaldevUpadhyaya/page/n201 Bharatiya Darshana]''. Varanasi : Sharada Mandir </ref> The distinguishing feature of Nyaya is its belief in the utility of analysis and in the reliability of reason, and systematically defending its standpoint against rival views. Some salient siddhantas of Nyaya include<ref>M. Hiriyanna, (1949) ''The Essentials of Indian Philosophy.'' London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd.</ref>  

== न्यायशास्त्रवाङ्मयम् ॥ Nyaya Literature ==

== न्यायशास्त्रवाङ्मयम् ॥ Nyaya Literature ==

Nyayasutra (न्यायसूत्रम्) by Maharshi Akshapada Gautama is the primary text of the Nyaya Darshana. As many as 13 bhashyas (commentaries) have been written on these sutras by various scholars of Nyaya shastra. The bhashyas and the bhashyakaras of the Nyayasutra are enumerated below.

Nyayasutra (न्यायसूत्रम्) by Maharshi Akshapada Gautama is the primary text of the Nyaya Darshana. As many as 12 bhashyas (commentaries) have been written on these sutras by various scholars of Nyaya shastra. The bhashyas and the bhashyakaras of the Nyayasutra are enumerated below.<ref>Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1921), [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.489008/page/n1 A History of Indian Logic], Calcutta University.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Bhashya (Commentary)

!Bhashya (भाष्यम् । Commentary)

!Bhashyakara (Commentator)

!Bhashyakara (भाष्यकारः । Commentator)

|Shrikantha (श्रीकण्ठः)

|-

|-

|Nyaya  

|Nyaya Vrtti (न्यायवृत्तिः)

|

|Abhayatilaka Upadhyaya (अभयतिलकः उपाध्यायः)

|-

|-

|

|Nyaya Sutroddhara (न्यायसूत्रोद्धारः)

|

|Vachaspati Mishra (वाचस्पतिमिश्रः)

|-

|-

|

|Nyaya Rahasya (न्यायरहस्यम्)

|

|Ramabhadra (रामभद्रः)

|-

|-

|

|Nyaya Siddhanta Mala (न्यायसिद्धान्तमाला)

|

|Jayrama (जयरामः)

|-

|-

|

|Nyaya Sutra Vrtti (न्यायसूत्रवृत्तिः)

|

|Vishvanatha Siddhantapanchanana (विश्वनाथसिद्धान्तपञ्चाननः)

|-

|-

|

|Nyaya Samkshepa (न्यायसंक्षेपः)

|

|Govinda Sanna (गोविन्दसन्ना)

|}

|}

* Nyaya Manjari (न्यायमञ्जरी) by Jayanta (जयन्तः)

* Nyaya-Manjari by Jayanta,

* Nyaya Bodhini (न्यायबोधिनी) by Govardhana (गोवर्धनः)

* Nyaya-Bodhini by Govardhana

== Nyaya Siddhantam - Core Concepts ==

== Nyaya Siddhantam - Core Concepts ==