8,090
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 72:
Line 72: − + Line 79:
Line 79: − + − + − + + + + + + + +
→Based on the Nature of Activity: adding content
# '''लौकिक-कर्म ॥ Laukika Karma''' - These include the daily activities such as walking, running, reading etc.
# '''लौकिक-कर्म ॥ Laukika Karma''' - These include the daily activities such as walking, running, reading etc.
# '''अलौकिक-कर्म ॥ Alaukika Karma''' - These include dharmik activities such as [[Dana (दानम्)|Dana]], Homa, [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajna]] as prescribed in the Vedic and other texts. They are further of following types.
# '''अलौकिक-कर्म ॥ Alaukika Karma''' - These include dharmik activities such as [[Dana (दानम्)|Dana]], Homa, [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajna]] as prescribed in the Vedic and other texts. They are further of following types.
## '''नित्य-कर्म ॥ Nitya Karma''' (Regular rituals) नित्यानि - अकरणे प्रत्यवाय सधानानी संध्यावन्दनादीनी । (Veda. Sara. 1.9)<ref name=":2">Swami Nikhilananda (1931) Vedantasara of Sadananda, With Introduction, Text, English Translation and Comments. Almora: Advaita Ashrama (Pages 5-7)</ref> Include the daily dharmik activities such as devata puja, [[Sandhyavandana (सन्ध्यावन्दनम्)|sandhyavandana]]. According to Mimamsakas these rituals are obligatory and therefore not performing them produces pratyavaya in the sense of harm or papa (पापम्) to those who are supposed to perform them. [[Panchamahayajnas (पञ्चमहायज्ञाः)|Panchamahayajnas]] are included in this category. Nityakarma does not include daily duties, it also includes regular/periodic scheduled karmas such as Amavasya tarpana, and Grahana karmas. Some '''nitya karmas''' include:
##'''नित्य-कर्म ॥ Nitya Karma''' (Regular rituals) नित्यानि - अकरणे प्रत्यवाय सधानानी संध्यावन्दनादीनी । (Veda. Sara. 1.9)<ref name=":2">Swami Nikhilananda (1931) Vedantasara of Sadananda, With Introduction, Text, English Translation and Comments. Almora: Advaita Ashrama (Pages 5-7)</ref> Include the daily dharmik activities such as devata puja, [[Sandhyavandana (सन्ध्यावन्दनम्)|sandhyavandana]]. According to Mimamsakas these rituals are obligatory and therefore not performing them produces pratyavaya in the sense of harm or papa (पापम्) to those who are supposed to perform them. [[Panchamahayajnas (पञ्चमहायज्ञाः)|Panchamahayajnas]] are included in this category. Nityakarma does not include daily duties, it also includes regular/periodic scheduled karmas such as Amavasya tarpana, and Grahana karmas. Some '''nitya karmas''' include:
##*Snana (bathing)
##*Snana (bathing)
##*[[Sandhyavandana (सन्ध्यावन्दनम्)|Sandhyavandana]]
##*[[Sandhyavandana (सन्ध्यावन्दनम्)|Sandhyavandana]]
##*[[Aupasana (औपासनः)|Aupasana]]
##*[[Aupasana (औपासनः)|Aupasana]]
##*[[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]]
##*[[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]]
## '''नैमित्तिक-कर्म ॥ Naimittika Karma''' (Occasional rituals) नैमित्तिकानि - पुत्रजन्माद्यनुबन्धानि जातेष्टादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.9)<ref name=":2" /> Jaateshti (Ishti a kind of yajna) etc., performed subsequent to birth of a son are called Naimittika Karmas to be observed on special occasions. The performance of these is obligatory for a grhastha.
## '''नैमित्तिक-कर्म ॥ Naimittika Karma''' (Occasional rituals) नैमित्तिकानि - पुत्रजन्माद्यनुबन्धानि जातेष्टादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.10)<ref name=":2" /> Jaateshti (Ishti a kind of yajna) etc., performed subsequent to birth of a son are called Naimittika Karmas to be observed on special occasions. The performance of these is obligatory for a grhastha.
## '''काम्य-कर्म ॥ Kamya Karma''' (Intentional rituals) काम्यानि - स्वर्गादीष्टसाधनानि ज्योतिष्टोमादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.9)<ref name=":2" /> Yajnas such as Jyotishtoma etc., are perform to enable their performers to get the desired fruits such as living in heaven etc., are known as Kamya karmas. These ceremonies are performed with a definite motive or desire.
## '''काम्य-कर्म ॥ Kamya Karma''' (Intentional rituals) काम्यानि - स्वर्गादीष्टसाधनानि ज्योतिष्टोमादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.7)<ref name=":2" /> Yajnas such as Jyotishtoma etc., are perform to enable their performers to get the desired fruits such as living in heaven etc., are known as Kamya karmas. These ceremonies are performed with a definite motive or desire.
#
## '''प्रायश्चित्त-कर्म ॥ Prayaschitta Karma''' (expiatory rituals) प्रायश्चित्तानि - पापक्षयसाधनानि चान्द्रयाणादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.11)<ref name=":2" /> Rituals such as Chaandrayana vrata etc., which are instrumental in the expiation of papa (पापम्) are called Prayaschitta karmas.
## '''निषिद्ध-कर्म॥Nishiddha Karma''' (forbidden actions) निषिद्धनिषिद्धानि '''-''' नरकाद्यनिष्टसाधनानि ब्राह्मणहननादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.8)'''<ref name=":2" />''' Actions such as the slaying of a Brahmin etc., which bring about undesired results as going to Naraka (for punishments) are forbidden acts.
## '''उपासना''' '''॥ Upasana Karma''' (Mental activities) उपासनानि - सगुणब्रह्मविषयमानसव्यापार-रूपाणि शाण्डिल्यविद्यादीनि । (Veda. Sara. 1.12)'''<ref name=":2" />''' Mental activities relating to Saguna Brahma - such as are described in the Shandilya Vidya are termed Upasanas or devotional activities.
=== Purpose of Alaukika Karmas ===
# Nitya and other (Naimittika and Prayaschitta) works mainly serve the purpose of purifying the mind; they destroy the papa of a person.
# Upasanas are austerity activities chiefly aimed at the concentration of the mind along with destruction of papa.
== Vedantic Perspective of Karma ==
== Vedantic Perspective of Karma ==