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'''''Gautama Dharmasūtra''''' is a Sanskrit text and likely one of the oldest [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Dharmasutras]] (600-200 BCE), whose manuscripts have survived into the modern age.
'''''Gautama Dharmasūtra''''' is a Sanskrit text and likely one of the oldest whose manuscripts have survived into the modern age.
The ''Gautama Dharmasutra'' was composed and survives as an independent treatise, unattached to a complete [[Kalpa (Vedanga)|Kalpa-sūtras]], but like all Dharmasutras it may have been part of one whose Shrauta- and Grihya-sutras have been lost to history. The text belongs to [[Samaveda]] schools, and its 26th chapter on penance theory is borrowed almost completely from Samavidhana [[Brahmana]] layer of text in the [[Samaveda]].
The ''Gautama Dharmasutra'' was composed and survives as an independent treatise, unattached to a complete [[Kalpa (Vedanga)|Kalpa-sūtras]], but like all Dharmasutras it may have been part of one whose Shrauta- and Grihya-sutras have been lost to history. The text belongs to [[Samaveda]] schools, and its 26th chapter on penance theory is borrowed almost completely from Samavidhana [[Brahmana]] layer of text in the [[Samaveda]].
==Authorship ==
==Authorship ==
The Dharmasutra is attributed to Gautama, a [[Brahmin]] family name, many of whose members founded the various [[Shakha]]s (Vedic schools) of [[Samaveda]]. The text was likely composed in the Ranayaniya branch of [[Samaveda]] tradition, generally corresponding to where modern Maratha people reside ([[Maharashtra]]-[[Gujarat]]). The text is likely ascribed to revered sage Gautama of a remote era, but authored by members of this Samaveda school as an independent treatise.
The Dharmasutra is attributed to Gautama, a [[Brahmin]] family name, many of whose members founded the various [[Shakha]]s (Vedic schools) of [[Samaveda]]. The text was likely composed in the Ranayaniya branch of [[Samaveda]] tradition, generally corresponding to where modern Maratha people reside ([[Maharashtra]]-[[Gujarat]]). The text is likely ascribed to revered sage Gautama of a remote era, but authored by members of this Samaveda school as an independent treatise.
| width=80px | 1.1-4
| width=80px | 1.1-4
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Origins and reliable sources of law
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Origins and reliable sources of law
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|p=78}}
| width=80px |
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| width=80px | 2.1-2.51
| width=80px | 2.1-2.51
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | General rules, conduct towards teachers, food, graduation
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | General rules, conduct towards teachers, food, graduation
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=80-83}}
| width=80px |
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| width=80px | 3.1-3.36
| width=80px | 3.1-3.36
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Student, monk, anchorite
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Student, monk, anchorite
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=83-84}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 4.1-8.25
| width=80px | 4.1-8.25
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Household, marriage, rituals, gifts, respect for guests, behavior during times of crisis and adversity, interaction between Brahmin and the King, Ethics and virtues
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Household, marriage, rituals, gifts, respect for guests, behavior during times of crisis and adversity, interaction between Brahmin and the King, Ethics and virtues
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=84-91}}{{Sfn|Daniel H.H. Ingalls|2013|pp=89-90}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Kedar Nath Tiwari |title=Classical Bharat's Ethical Thought |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SNYS_IlSXYsC |year=1998|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1607-7 |pages=88–90 }}</ref>
| width=80px | <ref>{{cite book|author=Kedar Nath Tiwari |title=Classical Bharat's Ethical Thought |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SNYS_IlSXYsC |year=1998|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1607-7 |pages=88–90 }}</ref>
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 9.1-9.74
| width=80px | 9.1-9.74
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Graduates
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Graduates
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=91-93}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 10.1-10.66
| width=80px | 10.1-10.66
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Four social classes, their occupations, rules of violence during war, tax rates, proper tax spending, property rights
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Four social classes, their occupations, rules of violence during war, tax rates, proper tax spending, property rights
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=94-96}}<ref>{{cite journal | last=Penna | first=L. R. | title=Written and customary provisions relating to the conduct of hostilities and treatment of victims of armed conflicts in ancient India | journal=International Review of the Red Cross | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=29 | issue=271 | year=1989 | pages=333-348 | doi=10.1017/s0020860400074519 }}</ref>
| width=80px | <ref>{{cite journal | last=Penna | first=L. R. | title=Written and customary provisions relating to the conduct of hostilities and treatment of victims of armed conflicts in ancient India | journal=International Review of the Red Cross | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=29 | issue=271 | year=1989 | pages=333-348 | doi=10.1017/s0020860400074519 }}</ref>
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| width=80px | 11.1-11.32
| width=80px | 11.1-11.32
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | The king and his duties, Judicial process
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | The king and his duties, Judicial process
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=96- 98}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 12.1-13.31
| width=80px | 12.1-13.31
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Criminal and civil law categories, contract and debts, theory of punishment, rules of trial, witnesses
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Criminal and civil law categories, contract and debts, theory of punishment, rules of trial, witnesses
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=98-101}}{{Sfn|Daniel H.H. Ingalls|2013|pp=89-90}}
| width=80px |
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| width=80px | 14.1-14.46
| width=80px | 14.1-14.46
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Death in a family, cremation, impurities and purification after handling corpse
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Death in a family, cremation, impurities and purification after handling corpse
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=101-103}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 15.1-15.29
| width=80px | 15.1-15.29
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Rites of passage for ancestors and the death of loved ones
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Rites of passage for ancestors and the death of loved ones
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=103-106}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 16.1-16.49
| width=80px | 16.1-16.49
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Self-study of texts, recitation, annual suspension of Vedic readings
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Self-study of texts, recitation, annual suspension of Vedic readings
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=107-108}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 17.1-17.38
| width=80px | 17.1-17.38
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Food, health, prohibition on killing or harming animals to produce food
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Food, health, prohibition on killing or harming animals to produce food
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=108-109}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 18.1-18.23
| width=80px | 18.1-18.23
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Marriage, remarriage, child custody disputes
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Marriage, remarriage, child custody disputes
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=110-111}}
| width=80px |
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| width=80px | 18.24-21.22
| width=80px | 18.24-21.22
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Seizure of property, excommunication, expulsion, readmission, sins
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Seizure of property, excommunication, expulsion, readmission, sins
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=111-115}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 22.1-23.34
| width=80px | 22.1-23.34
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Penances for killings animals, adultery, illicit sex, eating meat, different types of penances
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Penances for killings animals, adultery, illicit sex, eating meat, different types of penances
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=115-118}}
| width=80px |
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| width=80px | 28.1-28.47
| width=80px | 28.1-28.47
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Inheritance rights of sons and daughters on man's property, on woman's property, levirate, estates, partition of property between relatives
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Inheritance rights of sons and daughters on man's property, on woman's property, levirate, estates, partition of property between relatives
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=118-126}}
| width=80px |
|-style="text-align: center;"
|-style="text-align: center;"
| width=80px | 28.48-28.53
| width=80px | 28.48-28.53
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Resolving disputes and doubts within law
| width= 450px style="text-align: left;" | Resolving disputes and doubts within law
| width=80px | {{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|p=126}}
| width=80px |
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but among them he should attend chiefly to righteousness.
but among them he should attend chiefly to righteousness.
</poem>
</poem>
|source = — ''Gautama Dharmasutra 9.46-9.47''{{sfn|Patrick Olivelle|1999|pp=92-93}}
|source = — ''Gautama Dharmasutra 9.46-9.47''
|bgcolor=#FFE0BB
|bgcolor=#FFE0BB
|align = right
|align = right