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→रक्षणकार्यम् ॥: Added content
* In the context of expression of feelings it is said to parents that at this stage, पुत्रं मित्रवदाचरेत् | ''putraṁ mitravadācaret |'' That is, guidance should be provided like a friend.
* In the context of expression of feelings it is said to parents that at this stage, पुत्रं मित्रवदाचरेत् | ''putraṁ mitravadācaret |'' That is, guidance should be provided like a friend.
* The realisation of responsibilities to increase significantly. Especially, towards Dharma raksha.
* The realisation of responsibilities to increase significantly. Especially, towards Dharma raksha.
* Establishing and nourishing communities for the spread of Dharma.
* Knowledge and nurture of societal duties by which no action goes against the same.
* Knowledge and nurture of societal duties by which no action goes against the same.
* This is the stage of choosing a subject for Svadhyaya on which one contemplates. And to establish in the Svadhyaya that Dharma is an instrument for attaining moksha.
* This is the stage of choosing a subject for Svadhyaya on which one contemplates. And to establish in the Svadhyaya that Dharma is an instrument for attaining moksha.
* Acquiring skill in various forms of defence like Niyuddha, Danda yuddha and rifle shooting.
* Acquiring skill in various forms of defence like Niyuddha, Danda yuddha and rifle shooting.
* Providing services in the army, police, National intelligence agencies, etc.
* Providing services in the army, police, National intelligence agencies, etc.
* To ensure law making and protection
=== पोषणकार्यम् ॥ ===
=== पोषणकार्यम् ॥ ===
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== गार्हस्थ्यम् ॥ Householder's phase (Age between 26 to 60) ==
== गार्हस्थ्यम् ॥ Householder's phase (Age between 26 to 60) ==
It is said that every individual should discharge four pious obligations; namely, Devaruna (towards God), Pitruruna (towards parents), Rishiruna (towards teachers) and Manavaruna (towards humanity). One should discharge Devaruna by worship of God, Pitruruna by maintaining continuity of the family, Rishiruna by the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and Manavaruna by every type of social service.<blockquote>ऋणैश्चतुर्भिः संयुक्ता जायन्ते मनुजा भुवि । पितृदेवर्षिमनुजदेयैः शतसहस्रशः ॥ १११.१२ ॥<ref>Mahabharata, [https://sanskritdocuments.org/mirrors/mahabharata/unic/mbh01_sa.html Adiparva.]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''r̥ṇaiścaturbhiḥ saṁyuktā jāyante manujā bhuvi । pitr̥devarṣimanujadeyaiḥ śatasahasraśaḥ ॥ 12 ॥''</blockquote>That is why, in the second stage of life (ie. [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|the Grhasthashrama]]), after the acquisition of knowledge or completing education, an individual has to get married and commence family life. During this stage, it was the joint responsibility of husband and wife to lead a pure and simple family life, to maintain sexual morality and to discharge the 'Pitruruna' by begetting children, educating them and making them good citizens. To do this effectively, they had to adjust to each other and live together.
It is said that every individual should discharge four pious obligations; namely, Devaruna (towards God), Pitruruna (towards parents), Rishiruna (towards teachers) and Manavaruna (towards humanity). One should discharge Devaruna by worship of God, Pitruruna by maintaining continuity of the family, Rishiruna by the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and Manavaruna by every type of social service.<blockquote>ऋणैश्चतुर्भिः संयुक्ता जायन्ते मनुजा भुवि । पितृदेवर्षिमनुजदेयैः शतसहस्रशः ॥ १११.१२ ॥<ref>Mahabharata, [https://sanskritdocuments.org/mirrors/mahabharata/unic/mbh01_sa.html Adiparva.]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''r̥ṇaiścaturbhiḥ saṁyuktā jāyante manujā bhuvi । pitr̥devarṣimanujadeyaiḥ śatasahasraśaḥ ॥ 12 ॥''</blockquote>
* Pitru Rna : Giving birth to a generation greater than oneself.
In the second stage of life (ie. [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|the Grhasthashrama]]), after the acquisition of knowledge or completing education, an individual has to get married and commence family life. It was the joint responsibility of husband and wife to lead a pure and simple family life, to maintain sexual morality and to discharge the 'Pitruruna' by begetting children, educating them and making them good citizens. For, good children beget good name to parents. Therefore, fulfillment of Pitru Rna refers to giving birth to lustrous, talented, capable, humble progeny with good life goal by which the names of the ancestors may be made immortal. To do this effectively, they had to adjust to each other and live together.
* Deva Rna :
Deva refers to the divine deities like Indra, Agni, Vayu, Prthvi, Varun without whom the world will cease to exist. The Rna towards devatas are fulfilled through Yajnas that nourish them thereby bringing prosperity to mankind.
* Rishi Rna :
Right from the time that the Jivatma enters the womb to the time of death, every human being learns something or the other from fellow human beings. And in that sense, everyone from whom one has learnt something is looked upon as one's guru. The constant urge to fulfill the Rna towards this lifelong teaching that makes one capable of leading a good life is called as Rishi Rna. Also, it is the duty of every individual to serve the society, of which one is a part and parcel. It is the special responsibility of those undertaking the teaching profession or literary pursuits to enrich and disseminate knowledge to the younger generation as part of the discharge of Rishiruna -the debt due to teachers.
* Bhuta Rna / Manushya Rna :
The human body is made, nourished and protected by the Panchamahabhutas. The Panchamahabutas (5 elements) fulfill all the material needs of life. Therefore, it is the duty of human beings to protect the 5 elements and see to it that they remain clean, pure and sufficient. This is the way to fulfill Pitru Rna. In this age where there is increasing awareness of environment pollution, the efforts are incomplete without the inculcation of the practice of Yajna which cleanses the environment of pollution.
Further, it is necessary for an individual to earn his livelihood by legitimate methods and to spend whatever he had earned not only for his benefit but also for the benefit of the other members of the family, and also to utilise his income/resources and energy for the benefit of society having due regard to his capacity and aptitude and thereby discharge the fourth pious obligation namely 'Manavaruna'. Man has unlimited desires. And his needs increase as per his desire. The fulfillment of these desires though, is not in the hands of one man alone. One needs the help of the society to fulfill those needs. Therefore, man is indebted to the society and this Rna can be fulfilled only by contributing knowledge, time and money to the society.
Further, it was necessary for an individual to earn his livelihood by legitimate methods and to spend whatever he had earned not only for his benefit but also for the benefit of the other members of the family, and also to utilise his income/resources and energy for the benefit of society having due regard to his capacity and aptitude and thereby discharge the fourth pious obligation namely 'Manavaruna'.
Thus, the duties of a Grhastha in today's terms refers to a harmonious and honest married life, conforming to professional/ vocational ethics, and maintaining persons in the other three Ashramas. Therefore,
Thus, the duties of a Grhastha in today's terms refers to a harmonious and honest married life, conforming to professional/ vocational ethics, and maintaining persons in the other three Ashramas. Therefore,