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Devi Upanishad (देव्युपनिषत्) (view source)

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Devi Upanishad (Samskrit: देव्युपनिषत्) is one of the minor Upanishads listed as the 81st of the 108 Upanishads mentioned in the Muktikopanishad.<ref>[https://gita-society.com/wp-content/uploads/PDF/108upanishads.pdf 108 Upanishads]</ref> It is a Shakta Upanishad (ie. an Upanishad extolling Shakti) belonging to the Atharvaveda.<ref name=":0">[https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/devi.html Devi Upanishad]</ref> In this Upanishad, Devi declares that she is the all; the deities pray to her with Devi-Gayatri; and the Goddess is identified with Adi-vidya through whom sorrow is overcome.<ref name=":1">TMP Mahadevan, [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.264370/page/n423/mode/2up?view=theater The Upanishads], Madras: G.A.Natesan & Co.</ref>

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The first half of this mantra ie. 'bhadraṁ karṇebhiḥ... devahitaṁ yadāyuḥ' appears atleast, if not more, in Rgveda (sukta 1.89)<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7.%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF Sukta 89]</ref>, Yajurveda (Maitrayani samhita, 4.14)<ref>Maitrayani Samhita, Kanda 4, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AA/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA Prapathaka 14]</ref>, Aitareya Aranyaka (1.1)<ref>Aitareya Aranyaka, Aranyaka 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 1]</ref>, Laugakshi Grhyasutra<ref>Laugakshi Grhyasutra, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A7-%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6 Kandika 41-50]</ref>, etc. while the complete mantra is seen in Samaveda (Kauthumiya samhita, 2.9.3)<ref>Samaveda, Kauthumiya Samhita, Uttararchika, Prapathaka 9, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83/2.9_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83/2.9.3_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83 Urddha 3]</ref>, Taittiriya Aranyaka (1.1)<ref>Taittiriya Aranyaka, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0)/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Prapathaka 1]</ref>, Apastamba Shrautasutra (14.16)<ref>Apastamba Shrautasutra, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA Prashna 14]</ref>, Hiranyakeshi Shrautasutra (15.5)<ref>Hiranyakeshi Shrautasutra, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Prashna 15]</ref>, etc.

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== विषयानुक्रमणी ॥ Subject Matter ==

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The contents of the Devi Upanishad may be summarised under the following subject matters.

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# चिद् शक्तेः सर्वात्मरूपेण ब्रह्मत्वम् ॥ The Power of Consciousness, as the Self of all, is Brahman

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# चिद् शक्तेः सर्वधारकत्वम् ॥ The Power of consciousness is the ground of all

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# देवकृतदेवीस्तुतिः ॥ The Gods glorify the Goddess

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# आदिविद्योद्धारः ॥ The construction of the primeval science or adividya

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# आदिविद्यामहिमा ॥ The glory of the Primeval Science

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# महाचण्डीनवाक्षरविद्या ॥ The nine-syllabled science of Mahachandi

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# विद्याजपस्तुतिः ॥ Praise of repeating the science<ref name=":3" />

== देव्याः स्वरूपम् ॥ Nature of Devi ==

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Meaning: He who studies this Atharva Upanishad gains the fruit of repeating five (other) Atharva Upanishads; he who, having mastered this Atharva Upanishad, persists in worship. Of this vidya ten million chants Are less than the worship's fruit. Eight and hundred recitations thereof make but this rite's inauguration. Who reads it but ten times, Is released at once from sins; Through the grace of the Goddess great, Tides he over obstacles great. Reading it in the morning one destroys the sins of the night; reading it in the evening one destroys the sins committed by day. Thus, reading both in the evening and morning, the sinner becomes sinless. Reading it at midnight, too, the fourth 'junction', there results perfection of speech. Its recitation before a new image brings to it the presence of the deity. Its recitation at the time of consecration (of an image) makes it a centre of energy. Reciting it on Tuesday under the asterism Ashvini, in the presence of the great Goddess, one overcomes fell death - one who knows thus. This is the secret.<ref name=":2" />

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~~== Text & Meaning ==~~

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~~=== चिद् शक्तेः सर्वात्मरूपेण ब्रह्मत्वम् ॥ The Power of Consciousness, as the Self of all, is Brahman ===~~

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~~=== चिद् शक्तेः सर्वधारकत्वम् ॥ The Power of consciousness is the ground of all ===~~

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~~=== देवकृतदेवीस्तुतिः ॥ The Gods glorify the Goddess ===~~

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~~=== आदिविद्योद्धारः ॥ The construction of the primeval science or adividya ===~~

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~~=== आदिविद्यामहिमा ॥ The glory of the Primeval Science ===~~

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~~=== महाचण्डीनवाक्षरविद्या ॥ The nine-syllabled science of Mahachandi ===~~

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~~=== विद्याजपस्तुतिः ॥ Praise of repeating the science ===~~

== References ==

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