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Line 122: − − − {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} − ; Sources − * {{citation |first=Asko |last=Parpola |title=The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization |publisher=Oxford University Press Incorporated |year=2015 |ISBN=0190226927}} − − ==Further reading== − *[[Edwin Bryant (author)|Bryant, Edwin]]: [[The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture]]. 2001. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513777-9 − *J. Bronkhorst and M.M. Deshpande. 1999. Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. − *Hock, Hans. 1999b, Through a Glass Darkly: Modern "Racial" Interpretations vs. Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa/Dasyu in Vedic Indo-Aryan Society." in Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia. − *Iyengar, Srinivas. 1914. "Did the Dravidians of India Obtain Their Culture from Aran Immigrant [sic]." Anthropos 1-15. − *Macdonell, A.A. and Keith, A.B. 1912. The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects. − * Parpola, Asko: 1988, The Coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the Cultural and Ethnic Identity of the Dasas; The problem of the Aryans and the Soma. − *Rg Veda 1854-57. Rig-Veda Samhita. tr. H.H. Wilson. London: H.Allen and Co. − *Schetelich, Maria. 1990, "The problem of the "Dark Skin" (Krsna Tvac) in the Rgveda." Visva Bharati Annals 3:244-249. − * [[K.D. Sethna|Sethna, K.D.]] 1992. [[The Problem of Aryan Origins]]. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. − *Trautmann, Thomas R. 1997, Aryans and British India. Berkeley: University of California Press. − *Witzel, Michael. 1995b, 325, fn, "Rgvedic History" in The Indo-Aryans of South Asia. −
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[[Asko Parpola]] states the original ''Dasa'' is related to the Old Persian word ''Daha'' which also means "man", but refers specifically to a regional ethnic minority of Persia.<ref name=asko>Asko Parpola (2015), ''The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0190226923, pages 100-106</ref> Parpola contrasts ''Daha'' with ''Arya'', stating that the latter also referred to "man" but specifically to the incoming [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-Iranians]] from Central Asia. The Vedic text that include prayers to help defeat the "Dasa as enemy people", states Parpola, may refer to the wars of the Indo-Iranians against the bearers of the [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex]] (BMAC) culture. The latter spoke a different language and opposed Indo-Iranian religious practices.<ref name=asko/> Parpola uses archaeological and linguistic arguments to support his theory, but his theory is controversial.<ref name="jstor.org"/>
[[Asko Parpola]] states the original ''Dasa'' is related to the Old Persian word ''Daha'' which also means "man", but refers specifically to a regional ethnic minority of Persia.<ref name=asko>Asko Parpola (2015), ''The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0190226923, pages 100-106</ref> Parpola contrasts ''Daha'' with ''Arya'', stating that the latter also referred to "man" but specifically to the incoming [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-Iranians]] from Central Asia. The Vedic text that include prayers to help defeat the "Dasa as enemy people", states Parpola, may refer to the wars of the Indo-Iranians against the bearers of the [[Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex]] (BMAC) culture. The latter spoke a different language and opposed Indo-Iranian religious practices.<ref name=asko/> Parpola uses archaeological and linguistic arguments to support his theory, but his theory is controversial.<ref name="jstor.org"/>
==References==
==References==
[[Category:Demons in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Demons in Hinduism]]
[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]
[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]