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Brahmacharyashrama (ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः) (view source)
Revision as of 23:46, 14 January 2022
, 23:46, 14 January 2022→अध्ययनम् ॥ Learning activities: Adding content - to be edited
यज्ञानां तपसां चैव शुभानां चैव कर्मणाम् । वेद एव द्विजातीनां निःश्रेयसकरः परः । । १.४० । ।<ref name=":9" />
यज्ञानां तपसां चैव शुभानां चैव कर्मणाम् । वेद एव द्विजातीनां निःश्रेयसकरः परः । । १.४० । ।<ref name=":9" />
This is iterated in the Manusmrti as well that mentions that a brahmana who desires to perform austerities may constantly repeat the Veda. For, the study of Veda is declared to be in this world the highest austerity for a brahmana. Verily that twicw-born man performs the hishest austerity upto the extremities of his nails, who, though wearing a garland, daily recites the Veda in private with the utmost of his ability. Manu 2.166-167<ref name=":8" />
This is iterated in the Manusmrti as well that mentions that a brahmana who desires to perform austerities may constantly repeat the Veda. For, the study of Veda is declared to be in this world the highest austerity for a brahmana.<ref name=":8" />
वेदं एव सदाभ्यस्येत्तपस्तप्स्यन्द्विजोत्तमः । वेदाभ्यासो हि विप्रस्य तपः परं इहोच्यते । । २.१६६ । ।<ref name=":1" />
The Yajnavalkya Smrti further mentions that
That twice-born who daily reads the rks (hymns of the Rgveda), satisfies the Devas with honey and milk and the pitrs with honey and clarified butter.
He, who daily studies to the best of his ability the Yajus (hymns of Yajurveda), pleases the devas with clarified butter and nectar and the pitrs with clarified butter and honey.
He, who daily reads the Saman, satisfies the Devas with Soma juice and clarified butter and pleases his pitrs with honey and clarified butter.
The twice-born who daily studies the Atharva Angiras to the best of his ability, satisfies the Devas with fat and the pitrs with honey and clarified butter.
He who daily studies the Vakovakyam (vedic sayings in the form og questions and answers), Puranas and Narasamsis (mantras in honour of Rudra), the Gathikas, the Itihasas, and the Vidyas to the best of his ability
Satisfies the dwellers of heaven with meat, milf, boiled rice and honey and the pitrs with honey and clarified butter.
मधुना पयसा चैव स देवांस्तर्पयेद्द्विजः । पितॄन्मधुघृताभ्यां च ऋचोऽधीते च योऽन्वहम् । । १.४१ । ।
यजूंषि शक्तितोऽधीते योऽन्वहं स घृतामृतैः । प्रीणाति देवानाज्येन मधुना च पितॄंस्तथा । । १.४२ । ।
स तु सोमघृतैर्देवांस्तर्पयेद्योऽन्वहं पठेत् । सामानि तृप्तिं कुर्याच्च पितॄणां मधुसर्पिषा । । १.४३ । ।
मेदसा तर्पयेद्देवानथर्वाङ्गिरसः पठन् । पितॄंश्च मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां अन्वहं शक्तितो द्विजः । । १.४४ । ।
वाकोवाक्यं पुराणं च नाराशंसीश्च गाथिकाः । इतिहासांस्तथा विद्याः शक्त्याधीते हि योऽन्वहम् । । १.४५ । ।
मांसक्षीरौदनमधु तर्पणं स दिवौकसाम् । करोति तृप्तिं कुर्याच्च पितॄणां मधुसर्पिषा । । १.४६ । ।<ref name=":9" />
It further suggests that whatever portion of the Vedas laying down methods of any yajna he studies daily, of that yajna he receives the fruit (ie. as if he had actually performed that yajna).<ref name=":8" />
यं यं क्रतुं अधीते च तस्य तस्याप्नुयात्फलम् । । १.४७ । ।<ref name=":9" />
Similarly, that fruit which is acquired by thrice three times giving away the earth filled with treasures and that fruit which accrues from the performance of the highest austerities such as Chandrayana etc all these are acquired by him who studies daily.<ref name=":8" />
त्रिर्वित्तपूर्णपृथिवी दानस्य फलं अश्नुते । तपसश्च परस्येह नित्यं स्वाध्यायवान्द्विजः । । १.४८ । ।<ref name=":9" />
==== गुरुभक्तिः ॥ Behaviour towards the Guru ====
==== गुरुभक्तिः ॥ Behaviour towards the Guru ====
In Brahmacharyashrama, the stage of gaining knowledge, the importance of a [[Guru (गुरुः)|Guru]] is unparalled. A student therefore, should be ever engaged in doing seva (सेवा | selfless service) to his preceptor.<ref name=":6" /> In fact, the behaviour of students towards their Gurus is specifically elaborated in detail in order to educate the young minds about the value of a Guru in life.
In Brahmacharyashrama, the stage of gaining knowledge, the importance of a [[Guru (गुरुः)|Guru]] is unparalled. A student therefore, should be ever engaged in doing seva (सेवा | selfless service) to his preceptor.<ref name=":6" /> In fact, the behaviour of students towards their Gurus is specifically elaborated in detail in order to educate the young minds about the value of a Guru in life.
== नैष्ठिकब्रह्मचर्यम् || Naishthika Brahmacharya ==
== नैष्ठिकब्रह्मचर्यम् || Naishthika Brahmacharya ==
The word Naishthika is derived from Nishtha+Thajn<ref name=":8" />
A student is given the opportunity to choose to live his entire life in the teacher's house as a Brahmachari. However, with a few instructions. It is said,<blockquote>यदि त्वात्यन्तिकं वासं रोचयेत गुरोः कुले । युक्तः परिचरेदेनं आ शरीरविमोक्षणात् । । २.२४३ । ।
A student is given the opportunity to choose to live his entire life in the teacher's house as a Brahmachari. However, with a few instructions. It is said,<blockquote>यदि त्वात्यन्तिकं वासं रोचयेत गुरोः कुले । युक्तः परिचरेदेनं आ शरीरविमोक्षणात् । । २.२४३ । ।
eteṣvavidyamāneṣu sthānāsanavihāravān । prayuñjāno'gniśuśrūṣāṁ sādhayeddehaṁ ātmanaḥ । । 2.248 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: If (a student) desires to pass his whole life in the teacher’s house, he must diligently serve him, until he is freed from this body. (A perpetual student) must, if his teacher dies, serve his son (provided he be) endowed with good qualities, or his widow, or his Sapinda, in the same manner as the teacher. Should none of these be alive, he must serve the sacred fire, standing (by day) and sitting (during the night), and thus finish his life.<ref name=":0" />
eteṣvavidyamāneṣu sthānāsanavihāravān । prayuñjāno'gniśuśrūṣāṁ sādhayeddehaṁ ātmanaḥ । । 2.248 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: If (a student) desires to pass his whole life in the teacher’s house, he must diligently serve him, until he is freed from this body. (A perpetual student) must, if his teacher dies, serve his son (provided he be) endowed with good qualities, or his widow, or his Sapinda, in the same manner as the teacher. Should none of these be alive, he must serve the sacred fire, standing (by day) and sitting (during the night), and thus finish his life.<ref name=":0" />
It is in line with this duty that the Yajnavalkya smrti states that the Naishthika brahmachari should live with his acharya, in the absence of the latter, with his son or wife or even fire.<ref name=":8" />
नैष्ठिको ब्रह्मचारी तु वसेदाचार्यसंनिधौ । तदभावेऽस्य तनये पत्न्यां वैश्वानरेऽपि वा । । १.४९ । ।
And the fruit of such diligence is given as freedom from the cycle of birth and death.<blockquote>एवं चरति यो विप्रो ब्रह्मचर्यं अविप्लुतः । स गच्छत्युत्तमस्थानं न चेह जायते पुनः । । २.२४९ । ।<ref name=":1" />
And the fruit of such diligence is given as freedom from the cycle of birth and death.<blockquote>एवं चरति यो विप्रो ब्रह्मचर्यं अविप्लुतः । स गच्छत्युत्तमस्थानं न चेह जायते पुनः । । २.२४९ । ।<ref name=":1" />
evaṁ carati yo vipro brahmacaryaṁ aviplutaḥ । sa gacchatyuttamasthānaṁ na ceha jāyate punaḥ । । 2.249 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: A Brahmana who thus passes his life as a student without breaking his vow, reaches (after death) the highest abode and will not be born again in this world.<ref name=":0" />
evaṁ carati yo vipro brahmacaryaṁ aviplutaḥ । sa gacchatyuttamasthānaṁ na ceha jāyate punaḥ । । 2.249 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: A Brahmana who thus passes his life as a student without breaking his vow, reaches (after death) the highest abode and will not be born again in this world.<ref name=":0" />
This is reiterated in the Yajnavalkya smrti as well.
अनेन विधिना देहं सादयन्विजितेन्द्रियः । ब्रह्मलोकं अवाप्नोति न चेहाजायते पुनः । । १.५० । ।<ref name=":9" />
Meaning: In this way destroying the body and subduing his senses, he attains the region of Brahma and is not born here again.
Mahabharata
Mahabharata