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== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
 
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
THE YOGA OF MEDITATION
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Sri Krishna begins the chapter by emphasising once again that the Yogi or Sannyasin is one who has renounced the fruits of actions, not the actions themselves. The performance of actions without an eye on their fruits brings about the purification of the mind. And only a purified mind, a mind free from desires, can engage itself in constant meditation on the Atman. Therefore, none can realise permanent freedom and tranquillity of mind without renouncing desires.For this, it is said that the lower self must be controlled by the higher Self. All the lower impulses of the body, mind and senses must be controlled by the power of the higher Self. When the higher Self becomes one’s friend, one attains perfect control of the body, mind and senses and is united with Supreme being and sees the ultimate reality alone in all objects and beings. One then realises inwardly that there is no difference between gold and stone, between friends and enemies, between the righteous and the unrighteous and becomes perfectly harmonised.<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda (2000), [https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/BHAGAVAD-GITA-By-SRI-SWAMI-SIVANANDA.pdf Bhagavad Gita], Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society, The Yoga of Renunciation of Meditation.</ref>
  
Summary of Sixth Discourse
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== अध्यायसारः ॥ Summary of the Sixth Chapter ==
 +
This chapter, also referred to as Dhyana Yoga, talks about control over senses and desires and suggests the path of meditation to achieve the same. Hence, Sri Krishna here, proceeds to give various practical hints as to the practice of meditation.
  
Sri Krishna emphasises once again that the Yogi or Sannyasin is one who has renounced the fruits of actions, not the actions themselves. The performance of actions without an eye on their fruits brings about the purification of the mind. Only a purified mind, a mind free from desires, can engage itself in constant meditation on the Atman. Desire gives rise to imagination or Sankalpa, which drives the soul into the field of action. Therefore, none can realise permanent freedom and tranquillity of mind without renouncing desires. The lower self must be controlled by the higher Self. All the lower impulses of the body, mind and senses must be controlled by the power of the higher Self. Then the higher Self becomes one’s friend. He who has perfect control of the body, mind and senses and is united with God, sees God in all objects and beings. He sees inwardly that there is no difference between gold and stone, between friends and enemies, between the righteous and the unrighteous. He is perfectly harmonised. Sri Krishna proceeds to give various practical hints as to the practice of meditation. The aspirant should select a secluded spot where there is no likelihood of disturbance. He should arrange his meditation seat properly and sit in a comfortable posture, with the head, neck and spine erect but not tensed. He should fix his purified mind on the Atman by concentrating between the eyebrows or on the tip of the nose. The practice of Brahmacharya is absolutely necessary if one is to succeed in meditation. The conservation and transformation of the vital fluid into spiritual energy gives immense power of concentration. Fearlessness, too, is an essential quality on the Godward path. It is faith in the sustaining protection and Grace of God. The aspirant is advised to practise moderation in his daily habits—in eating, sleeping, recreation, etc. Extremes are to be avoided as they hinder the practice of meditation. Living a life of such moderation, and gathering up all his forces and directing them towards meditation upon the Atman, the aspirant gradually transcends the senses and intellect and merges himself in the blissful Atman. He finds that the bliss of the Atman is incomparable, that there is no gain greater than the Self. Having thus attained perfect union with the Self, the Yogi no more descends into ignorance or delusion. He does not relish any more the pleasures of the senses. Lord Krishna again emphasises that the concentration of the mind on the Atman should be like a steady flame in a windless place. This ultimately leads to the vision of the Lord in all beings and creatures. Arjuna is doubtful whether it is at all possible to engage the mind steadily on the higher Self, as its very nature seems to be one of restlessness. Krishna assures him that the practice can succeed through Vairagya (dispassion) and constant effort. Arjuna wishes to know the fate of the aspirant who fails to realise the Supreme in spite of his faith and sincerity. Krishna tells him that the accumulated power of his Yogic practices will assure him a better birth in the future, with more favourable conditions for Sadhana. The aspirant will then be compelled to carry on his Yogic practices with greater vigour and faith and will finally achieve God-realisation. Krishna concludes that the Yogi—one who has attained union with the Supreme Lord—is superior to the ascetics, to the men of book knowledge and the men of action, as the latter have not transcended ignorance and merged in the Self.
+
For eg. The aspirant should select a secluded spot where there is no likelihood of disturbance. He should arrange his meditation seat properly and sit in a comfortable posture, with the head, neck and spine erect but not tensed. He should fix his purified mind on the Atman by concentrating between the eyebrows or on the tip of the nose, etc.  
 +
 
 +
In fact, even the practice of Brahmacharya is considered absolutely necessary if one wishes to succeed in meditation. For, the conservation and transformation of the vital fluid into spiritual energy gives immense power of concentration. Similarly, fearlessness, too, is an essential quality on the path of supreme realisation. Rather, faith in the sustaining protection and Grace of God is prerequisite.
 +
 
 +
The aspirant is also advised to practise moderation in his daily habits—in eating, sleeping, recreation, etc. Extremes are to be avoided because they hinder the practice of meditation. By living a life of such moderation, and gathering up all his forces and directing them towards meditation upon the Atman, the aspirant gradually transcends the senses and intellect and merges himself in the blissful Atman. Once attained, he finds that the bliss of the Atman is incomparable, that there is no gain greater than the Self. And having thus reached perfect union with the Self, the Yogi no more descends into ignorance or delusion and does not relish any more the pleasures of the senses.  
 +
 
 +
Sri Krishna then emphasises that the concentration of the mind on the Atman should be like a steady flame in a windless place which ultimately leads to the vision of the supreme reality in all beings and creatures. However, Arjuna is still doubtful whether it is possible to engage the mind steadily on the higher Self, as its very nature seems to be one of restlessness. But Sri Krishna assures him that the practice can succeed through Vairagya (dispassion) and constant effort.  
 +
 
 +
Arjuna also wishes to know the fate of the aspirant who fails to realise the Supreme in spite of his faith and sincerity. To this, Sri Krishna tells him that the accumulated power of his Yogic practices will assure him a better birth in the future, with more favourable conditions for Sadhana. And then the aspirant will be compelled to carry on his Yogic practices with greater vigour and faith and will finally achieve Supreme realisation. The Chapter concludes that the Yogi—one who has attained union with the Supreme being—is superior to the ascetics, to the men of book knowledge and the men of action, as the latter have not transcended ignorance and merged in the Self.<ref name=":0" />
 
[[Category:Bhagavad Gita]]
 
[[Category:Bhagavad Gita]]
 
[[Category:Prasthana Trayi]]
 
[[Category:Prasthana Trayi]]

Revision as of 13:15, 17 August 2018

Atma Sanyama Yoga (Samskrit: आत्मसंयमयोगः) is the title commonly given to the Sixth Chapter of the Bhagavad Gita. This chapter talks about controlling the lower impulses of the body, mind and senses to attain the state of harmony. And this is facilitated by the practice of meditation.

परिचयः ॥ Introduction

Sri Krishna begins the chapter by emphasising once again that the Yogi or Sannyasin is one who has renounced the fruits of actions, not the actions themselves. The performance of actions without an eye on their fruits brings about the purification of the mind. And only a purified mind, a mind free from desires, can engage itself in constant meditation on the Atman. Therefore, none can realise permanent freedom and tranquillity of mind without renouncing desires.For this, it is said that the lower self must be controlled by the higher Self. All the lower impulses of the body, mind and senses must be controlled by the power of the higher Self. When the higher Self becomes one’s friend, one attains perfect control of the body, mind and senses and is united with Supreme being and sees the ultimate reality alone in all objects and beings. One then realises inwardly that there is no difference between gold and stone, between friends and enemies, between the righteous and the unrighteous and becomes perfectly harmonised.[1]

अध्यायसारः ॥ Summary of the Sixth Chapter

This chapter, also referred to as Dhyana Yoga, talks about control over senses and desires and suggests the path of meditation to achieve the same. Hence, Sri Krishna here, proceeds to give various practical hints as to the practice of meditation.

For eg. The aspirant should select a secluded spot where there is no likelihood of disturbance. He should arrange his meditation seat properly and sit in a comfortable posture, with the head, neck and spine erect but not tensed. He should fix his purified mind on the Atman by concentrating between the eyebrows or on the tip of the nose, etc.

In fact, even the practice of Brahmacharya is considered absolutely necessary if one wishes to succeed in meditation. For, the conservation and transformation of the vital fluid into spiritual energy gives immense power of concentration. Similarly, fearlessness, too, is an essential quality on the path of supreme realisation. Rather, faith in the sustaining protection and Grace of God is prerequisite.

The aspirant is also advised to practise moderation in his daily habits—in eating, sleeping, recreation, etc. Extremes are to be avoided because they hinder the practice of meditation. By living a life of such moderation, and gathering up all his forces and directing them towards meditation upon the Atman, the aspirant gradually transcends the senses and intellect and merges himself in the blissful Atman. Once attained, he finds that the bliss of the Atman is incomparable, that there is no gain greater than the Self. And having thus reached perfect union with the Self, the Yogi no more descends into ignorance or delusion and does not relish any more the pleasures of the senses.

Sri Krishna then emphasises that the concentration of the mind on the Atman should be like a steady flame in a windless place which ultimately leads to the vision of the supreme reality in all beings and creatures. However, Arjuna is still doubtful whether it is possible to engage the mind steadily on the higher Self, as its very nature seems to be one of restlessness. But Sri Krishna assures him that the practice can succeed through Vairagya (dispassion) and constant effort.

Arjuna also wishes to know the fate of the aspirant who fails to realise the Supreme in spite of his faith and sincerity. To this, Sri Krishna tells him that the accumulated power of his Yogic practices will assure him a better birth in the future, with more favourable conditions for Sadhana. And then the aspirant will be compelled to carry on his Yogic practices with greater vigour and faith and will finally achieve Supreme realisation. The Chapter concludes that the Yogi—one who has attained union with the Supreme being—is superior to the ascetics, to the men of book knowledge and the men of action, as the latter have not transcended ignorance and merged in the Self.[1]

Verses

श्रीपरमात्मने नमः

अथ षष्ठोऽध्यायः

श्रीभगवानुवाच

अनाश्रितः कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति यः । स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः ॥६- १॥

यं संन्यासमिति प्राहुर्योगं तं विद्धि पाण्डव । न ह्यसंन्यस्तसंकल्पो योगी भवति कश्चन ॥६- २॥

आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणमुच्यते । योगारूढस्य तस्यैव शमः कारणमुच्यते ॥६- ३॥

यदा हि नेन्द्रियार्थेषु न कर्मस्वनुषज्जते । सर्वसंकल्पसंन्यासी योगारूढस्तदोच्यते ॥६- ४॥

उद्धरेदात्मनात्मानं नात्मानमवसादयेत् । आत्मैव ह्यात्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव रिपुरात्मनः ॥६- ५॥

बन्धुरात्मात्मनस्तस्य येनात्मैवात्मना जितः । अनात्मनस्तु शत्रुत्वे वर्तेतात्मैव शत्रुवत् ॥६- ६॥

जितात्मनः प्रशान्तस्य परमात्मा समाहितः । शीतोष्णसुखदुःखेषु तथा मानापमानयोः ॥६- ७॥

ज्ञानविज्ञानतृप्तात्मा कूटस्थो विजितेन्द्रियः । युक्त इत्युच्यते योगी समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनः ॥६- ८॥

सुहृन्मित्रार्युदासीनमध्यस्थद्वेष्यबन्धुषु । साधुष्वपि च पापेषु समबुद्धिर्विशिष्यते ॥६- ९॥

योगी युञ्जीत सततमात्मानं रहसि स्थितः । एकाकी यतचित्तात्मा निराशीरपरिग्रहः ॥६- १०॥

शुचौ देशे प्रतिष्ठाप्य स्थिरमासनमात्मनः । नात्युच्छ्रितं नातिनीचं चैलाजिनकुशोत्तरम् ॥६- ११॥

तत्रैकाग्रं मनः कृत्वा यतचित्तेन्द्रियक्रियः । उपविश्यासने युञ्ज्याद्योगमात्मविशुद्धये ॥६- १२॥

समं कायशिरोग्रीवं धारयन्नचलं स्थिरः । सम्प्रेक्ष्य नासिकाग्रं स्वं दिशश्चानवलोकयन् ॥६- १३॥

प्रशान्तात्मा विगतभीर्ब्रह्मचारिव्रते स्थितः । मनः संयम्य मच्चित्तो युक्त आसीत मत्परः ॥६- १४॥

युञ्जन्नेवं सदात्मानं योगी नियतमानसः । शान्तिं निर्वाणपरमां मत्संस्थामधिगच्छति ॥६- १५॥

नात्यश्नतस्तु योगोऽस्ति न चैकान्तमनश्नतः । न चाति स्वप्नशीलस्य जाग्रतो नैव चार्जुन ॥६- १६॥

युक्ताहारविहारस्य युक्तचेष्टस्य कर्मसु । युक्तस्वप्नावबोधस्य योगो भवति दुःखहा ॥६- १७॥

यदा विनियतं चित्तमात्मन्येवावतिष्ठते । निःस्पृहः सर्वकामेभ्यो युक्त इत्युच्यते तदा ॥६- १८॥

यथा दीपो निवातस्थो नेङ्गते सोपमा स्मृता । योगिनो यतचित्तस्य युञ्जतो योगमात्मनः ॥६- १९॥

यत्रोपरमते चित्तं निरुद्धं योगसेवया । यत्र चैवात्मनात्मानं पश्यन्नात्मनि तुष्यति ॥६- २०॥

सुखमात्यन्तिकं यत्तद् बुद्धिग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् । वेत्ति यत्र न चैवायं स्थितश्चलति तत्त्वतः ॥६- २१॥

यं लब्ध्वा चापरं लाभं मन्यते नाधिकं ततः । यस्मिन्स्थितो न दुःखेन गुरुणापि विचाल्यते ॥६- २२॥

तं विद्याद्‌दुःखसंयोगवियोगं योगसंज्ञितम् । स निश्चयेन योक्तव्यो योगोऽनिर्विण्णचेतसा ॥६- २३॥

संकल्पप्रभवान्कामांस्त्यक्त्वा सर्वानशेषतः । मनसैवेन्द्रियग्रामं विनियम्य समन्ततः ॥६- २४॥

शनैः शनैरुपरमेद्‌बुद्ध्या धृतिगृहीतया । आत्मसंस्थं मनः कृत्वा न किंचिदपि चिन्तयेत् ॥६- २५॥

यतो यतो निश्चरति मनश्चञ्चलमस्थिरम् । ततस्ततो नियम्यैतदात्मन्येव वशं नयेत् ॥६- २६॥

प्रशान्तमनसं ह्येनं योगिनं सुखमुत्तमम् । उपैति शान्तरजसं ब्रह्मभूतमकल्मषम् ॥६- २७॥

युञ्जन्नेवं सदात्मानं योगी विगतकल्मषः । सुखेन ब्रह्मसंस्पर्शमत्यन्तं सुखमश्नुते ॥६- २८॥

सर्वभूतस्थमात्मानं सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि । ईक्षते योगयुक्तात्मा सर्वत्र समदर्शनः ॥६- २९॥

यो मां पश्यति सर्वत्र सर्वं च मयि पश्यति । तस्याहं न प्रणश्यामि स च मे न प्रणश्यति ॥६- ३०॥

सर्वभूतस्थितं यो मां भजत्येकत्वमास्थितः । सर्वथा वर्तमानोऽपि स योगी मयि वर्तते ॥६- ३१॥

आत्मौपम्येन सर्वत्र समं पश्यति योऽर्जुन । सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं स योगी परमो मतः ॥६- ३२॥

अर्जुन उवाच

योऽयं योगस्त्वया प्रोक्तः साम्येन मधुसूदन । एतस्याहं न पश्यामि चञ्चलत्वात्स्थितिं स्थिराम् ॥६- ३३॥

चञ्चलं हि मनः कृष्ण प्रमाथि बलवद्‌दृढम् । तस्याहं निग्रहं मन्ये वायोरिव सुदुष्करम् ॥६- ३४॥

श्रीभगवानुवाच

असंशयं महाबाहो मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् । अभ्यासेन तु कौन्तेय वैराग्येण च गृह्यते ॥६- ३५॥

असंयतात्मना योगो दुष्प्राप इति मे मतिः । वश्यात्मना तु यतता शक्योऽवाप्तुमुपायतः ॥६- ३६॥

अर्जुन उवाच

अयतिः श्रद्धयोपेतो योगाच्चलितमानसः । अप्राप्य योगसंसिद्धिं कां गतिं कृष्ण गच्छति ॥६- ३७॥

कच्चिन्नोभयविभ्रष्टश्छिन्नाभ्रमिव नश्यति । अप्रतिष्ठो महाबाहो विमूढो ब्रह्मणः पथि ॥६- ३८॥

एतन्मे संशयं कृष्ण छेत्तुमर्हस्यशेषतः । त्वदन्यः संशयस्यास्य छेत्ता न ह्युपपद्यते ॥६- ३९॥

श्रीभगवानुवाच

पार्थ नैवेह नामुत्र विनाशस्तस्य विद्यते । न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद्‌दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति ॥६- ४०॥

प्राप्य पुण्यकृतां लोकानुषित्वा शाश्वतीः समाः । शुचीनां श्रीमतां गेहे योगभ्रष्टोऽभिजायते ॥६- ४१॥

अथवा योगिनामेव कुले भवति धीमताम् । एतद्धि दुर्लभतरं लोके जन्म यदीदृशम् ॥६- ४२॥

तत्र तं बुद्धिसंयोगं लभते पौर्वदेहिकम् । यतते च ततो भूयः संसिद्धौ कुरुनन्दन ॥६- ४३॥

पूर्वाभ्यासेन तेनैव ह्रियते ह्यवशोऽपि सः । जिज्ञासुरपि योगस्य शब्दब्रह्मातिवर्तते ॥६- ४४॥

प्रयत्नाद्यतमानस्तु योगी संशुद्धकिल्बिषः । अनेकजन्मसंसिद्धस्ततो याति परां गतिम् ॥६- ४५॥

तपस्विभ्योऽधिको योगी ज्ञानिभ्योऽपि मतोऽधिकः । कर्मिभ्यश्चाधिको योगी तस्माद्योगी भवार्जुन ॥६- ४६॥

योगिनामपि सर्वेषां मद्गतेनान्तरात्मना । श्रद्धावान् भजते यो मां स मे युक्ततमो मतः ॥६- ४७॥

ॐ तत्सदिति श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्सु ब्रह्मविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे आत्मसंयमयोगो नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः ॥ ६ ॥

  1. 1.0 1.1 Swami Sivananda (2000), Bhagavad Gita, Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society, The Yoga of Renunciation of Meditation.