Difference between revisions of "64 Kalas (चतुःषष्टिः कलाः)"

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|1
 
|1
 
|गीतम् ॥ Geeta (Singing)
 
|गीतम् ॥ Geeta (Singing)
|नर्तनम् Geet - Singing
+
|नर्तनम् ॥ Nartana - Singing
 
|History   
 
|History   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2
 
|2
 
|वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments)
 
|वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments)
|वादनम् Vadya – Playing musical instruments
+
|<nowiki>वादनम् || Vadana Playing musical instruments</nowiki>
 
|Poetry
 
|Poetry
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3
 
|3
 
|नृत्यम् ॥ Nrtya (Dancing)
 
|नृत्यम् ॥ Nrtya (Dancing)
|वस्त्रालङ्कारसन्धानम्  
+
|<nowiki>वस्त्रालङ्कारसन्धानम् || Vastralankara sandhana </nowiki>
 
|Calligraphy
 
|Calligraphy
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4
 
|4
 
|नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry)
 
|नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry)
|अनेकरूपाविर्भावकृतिज्ञानम् Visheshakchhadya - Forhead decoration with paper, leaves etc.
+
|<nowiki>अनेकरूपाविर्भावकृतिज्ञानम् || Anekaroopavirbhavakrti jnana Visheshakchhadya - Forhead decoration with paper, leaves etc.</nowiki>
 
|Metrical compositions
 
|Metrical compositions
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5
 
|5
 
|आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy)
 
|आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy)
|शय्यस्तरणसंयोगपुष्पादिग्रथनम् Tandul-kusumabalivikar - use of colored rice grains and flower for worship.
+
|<nowiki>शय्यस्तरणसंयोगपुष्पादिग्रथनम् || shayyastaranasamyoga pushpadi grathana use of colored rice grains and flower for worship.</nowiki>
 
|Dancing
 
|Dancing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|6
 
|6
 
|विशेषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Visheshakacchedya (Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances)
 
|विशेषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Visheshakacchedya (Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances)
|द्युताद्यनेकक्रीडा PushpastaraN - Floral carpets
+
|<nowiki>द्युताद्यनेकक्रीडा || Dyutadyanekakreeda - Floral carpets</nowiki>
 
|Evaluating precious stones
 
|Evaluating precious stones
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7
 
|7
 
|तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Tandula kusumayalivikara (Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc)
 
|तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Tandula kusumayalivikara (Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc)
|अनेकासनसन्धनैः रतेः ज्ञानम् Dashnavsanangrag - Decaration of nails and body
+
|<nowiki>अनेकासनसन्धानैः रतेः ज्ञानम् || Anekasanasandhanaih rateh jnaana - Decaration of nails and body</nowiki>
 
|Wrestling
 
|Wrestling
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8
 
|8
 
|पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Pushpaastarana (Preparing a bed of flowers)
 
|पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Pushpaastarana (Preparing a bed of flowers)
|मकरन्दादीनां मद्यादीनां कृतिः Manibhumika karma - Floor decoration with pearls or precious stones.
+
|<nowiki>मकरन्दादीनां मद्यादीनां कृतिः || Makarandadinam madyadinam krti - Floor decoration with pearls or precious stones.</nowiki>
 
|Cooking  
 
|Cooking  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9
 
|9
 
|दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Dashana vasananga raga (Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel)
 
|दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Dashana vasananga raga (Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel)
|शिराव्रणव्याधे शूल्यगूढाहृतौ ज्ञानम् Shayanrachana – Bed arrangement.
+
|<nowiki>शिराव्रणव्याधे शूल्यगूढाहृतौ ज्ञानम् || Shiravranavyadhe shulyagudhahrtau jnana  – Bed arrangement.</nowiki>
 
|Magic  
 
|Magic  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10
 
|10
 
|मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones)
 
|मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones)
|हिङ्ग्वादिरससंयोगाद् अन्नादिपचनम् Udakvadya - Jalataranga-Series of water pots for creating music.
+
|<nowiki>हिङ्ग्वादिरससंयोगाद् अन्नादिपचनम् || Hingvadi rasasamyogad annadi pachana Series of water pots for creating music.</nowiki>
 
|Shoe-making
 
|Shoe-making
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11
 
|11
 
|शयनरचनम् ॥ Shayana rachana (Preparing a bed)
 
|शयनरचनम् ॥ Shayana rachana (Preparing a bed)
|वृक्षादिप्रसवारोपपालनादिकृतिः Udakaghat - Sprinkling with water cannons.
+
|<nowiki>वृक्षादिप्रसवारोपपालनादिकृतिः || Vrkshadiprasavaropapalanadi krti Udakaghat - Sprinkling with water cannons.</nowiki>
 
|Thieving
 
|Thieving
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12
 
|12
 
|उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Udakavadya (Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water)
 
|उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Udakavadya (Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water)
|पाषाणधात्वादिहतिस्तद्भस्मोकरणम् Chitrashycha yoga – Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy
+
|<nowiki>पाषाणधात्वादिहतिस्तद्भस्मोकरणम् || Pashanadhatvadi hatistadbhasmokarana – Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy</nowiki>
 
|Iron smithery
 
|Iron smithery
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13
 
|13
 
|उदकघातः ॥ Udakaghata (Sprinkling with water cannons)
 
|उदकघातः ॥ Udakaghata (Sprinkling with water cannons)
|इक्षुविकाराणां कृतिज्ञानम् Malyagranthanvikalpa - Preparation of floral garlands and hair bands
+
|<nowiki>इक्षुविकाराणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Ikshuvikaranam Krtijnana - Preparation of floral garlands and hair bands</nowiki>
 
|Painting
 
|Painting
 
|-
 
|-
 
|14
 
|14
 
|चित्रायोगाः ॥ Chitrayoga (Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy)
 
|चित्रायोगाः ॥ Chitrayoga (Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy)
|धात्वौषधीनां संयोगक्रियाज्ञानम् Shekarkapidyojan – Ladies hair styling.
+
|<nowiki>धात्वौषधीनां संयोगक्रियाज्ञानम् || Dhatu Aushadhinam samyoga Kriya jnana – Ladies hair styling.</nowiki>
 
|Gardening  
 
|Gardening  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|15
 
|15
 
|माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ Malyagrathana vikalpa (Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers)
 
|माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ Malyagrathana vikalpa (Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers)
|धातुसाङ्कर्य्यपार्थक्यकरणम् Nepathyaprayog - Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers.
+
|<nowiki>धातुसाङ्कर्य्यपार्थक्यकरणम् || Dhatu sankaryaparthakya karana - Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers.</nowiki>
 
|Carpentry  
 
|Carpentry  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|16
 
|16
 
|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling)
 
|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling)
|धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् KarNapatrabhanga - Ear ornaments preparation.
+
|<nowiki>धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् || Dhatu adinam samyogaporva jnana - Ear ornaments preparation.</nowiki>
 
|Hair-dressing
 
|Hair-dressing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|17
 
|17
 
|नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Nepathyayoga (Modes of beautifying the body with cloths and ornaments of various kinds)
 
|नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Nepathyayoga (Modes of beautifying the body with cloths and ornaments of various kinds)
|क्षारनिष्कासनज्ञानम् Gandhayukti - Making scented dhupa.
+
|<nowiki>क्षारनिष्कासनज्ञानम् || ksharanishkasana jnana - Making scented dhupa.</nowiki>
 
|Hunting
 
|Hunting
 
|-
 
|-
 
|18
 
|18
 
|कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Karnapatrabhanga (Painting ornamental figures on the ears)
 
|कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Karnapatrabhanga (Painting ornamental figures on the ears)
|पदादिन्यासतः शस्त्रसन्धानविक्षेपः BhushaNyojan - Ornamental make-up
+
|<nowiki>पदादिन्यासतः शस्त्रसन्धानविक्षेपः || Padadinyasata shastrasandhana vikshepa - Ornamental make-up</nowiki>
 
|Trading  
 
|Trading  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|19
 
|19
 
|गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Gandhayukti (Making perfumes and cosmetics)   
 
|गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Gandhayukti (Making perfumes and cosmetics)   
|सन्ध्याघाताकृष्टिभेदैः मल्लयुद्धम् Endrajal – Magic / mesmerism.
+
|<nowiki>सन्ध्याघाताकृष्टिभेदैः मल्लयुद्धम् || Sandhyaghatakrshribhedaih Mallayuddha – Magic / mesmerism.</nowiki>
 
|Agriculture  
 
|Agriculture  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|20
 
|20
 
|भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Bhushanayojana (Making ornaments of various designs)
 
|भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Bhushanayojana (Making ornaments of various designs)
|मल्लानामशस्त्रं मुष्टिभिः बाहुयुद्धम् Kauchumaryog - the art of beautification
+
|<nowiki>मल्लानामशस्त्रं मुष्टिभिः बाहुयुद्धम् || Mallanamashastram mushtibhih bahuyuddha - the art of beautification</nowiki>
 
|Animal husbandry
 
|Animal husbandry
 
|-
 
|-
 
|21
 
|21
 
|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery)
 
|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery)
|बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् Hastlaghav- Hand magic.
+
|<nowiki>बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् || Baladarpavinashantam Niyuddha - Hand magic.</nowiki>
 
|making medicines,  
 
|making medicines,  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|22
 
|22
 
|कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ Kauchumarayoga (the art of beautification)  
 
|कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ Kauchumarayoga (the art of beautification)  
|सन्निपातावघातैश्च कृतं निपीडनम् तन्मुक्तिः Vichitrashakayushbhakshyavikar kriya- Culinary preparations- sweets etc.
+
|<nowiki>सन्निपातावघातैश्च कृतं निपीडनम् तन्मुक्तिः || Sannipatavaghataishcha Krtam nipeedanam tanmuktiH - Culinary preparations- sweets etc.</nowiki>
 
|leather work,  
 
|leather work,  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|23
 
|23
 
|हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Hastalaghava (Sleight of hand)
 
|हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Hastalaghava (Sleight of hand)
|अभिलक्षिते देशे यन्त्राद्यस्वनिपातनम् Panakrasa Ragasav yojan- Making sharbat or syrups.
+
|<nowiki>अभिलक्षिते देशे यन्त्राद्यस्वनिपातनम् || Abhilakshite deshe yantradyasvanipatana  Making sharbat or syrups.</nowiki>
 
|driving,
 
|driving,
 
|-
 
|-
 
|24
 
|24
 
|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art)
 
|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art)
|वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना Suchivan Karm –Needle work-Embroidery
+
|<nowiki>वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना || Vadyasanketato Vyuharachana –Needle work-Embroidery</nowiki>
 
|fishing,  
 
|fishing,  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|25
 
|25
 
|पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)  
 
|पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)  
|गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् Sutra krida –Hand puppets show
+
|<nowiki>गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् || Gajashvarathagatya Yuddhasamyojana  –Hand puppets show</nowiki>
 
|speech-making
 
|speech-making
  
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|26
 
|26
 
|सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
 
|सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
|विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् Veenadamruvadya-Playing musical instruments like veena or damru
+
|<nowiki>विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana Playing musical instruments like veena or damru</nowiki>
 
|singing
 
|singing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|27
 
|27
 
|वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Veena damaruka sutra kreeda (Making musical instruments of various kinds and working puppets by strings)
 
|वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Veena damaruka sutra kreeda (Making musical instruments of various kinds and working puppets by strings)
|सारथ्यं च गजाश्वादेर्गतिशिक्षा Pahelika - Solving riddles.
+
|<nowiki>सारथ्यं च गजाश्वादेर्गतिशिक्षा || Sarathyam cha Gajashvadergatishiksha  Solving riddles.</nowiki>
 
|playing musical instruments
 
|playing musical instruments
  
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|28
 
|28
 
|प्रहेलिका ॥ Prahelika (Solving riddles)
 
|प्रहेलिका ॥ Prahelika (Solving riddles)
|मृत्तिकाकाष्ठपाषाणधातुभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया Pratimala- An interesting style of reading text or poem.
+
|<nowiki>मृत्तिकाभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Mrttika bhandadi satkrya  An interesting style of reading text or poem.</nowiki>
 
|preparing manuscripts
 
|preparing manuscripts
 
|-
 
|-
 
|29
 
|29
 
|प्रतिमा* ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)
 
|प्रतिमा* ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)
|Durvachakyog - Reciting text which is difficult to pronounce and understand.
+
|<nowiki>काष्ठभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Kashtha bhandadi satkrya Reciting text which is difficult to pronounce and understand.</nowiki>
 
|garland-making,  
 
|garland-making,  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|30
 
|30
 
|दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Durvachaka yoga (Skill in uttering tongue twisters)
 
|दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Durvachaka yoga (Skill in uttering tongue twisters)
|Pustak Vachan –Book reading
+
|<nowiki>पाषाणभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Pashana bhandadi satkrya Book reading</nowiki>
 
|dyeing
 
|dyeing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|31
 
|31
 
|पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ Pustaka vachana (The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly)
 
|पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ Pustaka vachana (The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly)
|Natakakhyalika darshan -Dramatics
+
|<nowiki>धातुभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Dhatu bhandadi satkrya -Dramatics</nowiki>
 
|body-care
 
|body-care
 
|-
 
|-
 
|32
 
|32
 
|नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम्  ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing)
 
|नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम्  ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing)
|चित्राद्यालिखनम् Kavya Samasyapurti – Solving riddles.
+
|<nowiki>चित्राद्यालिखनम् || Chitradyalikhana – Solving riddles.</nowiki>
 
|use of weapons
 
|use of weapons
 
|-
 
|-
 
|33
 
|33
 
|काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Kavya samasya purana (Completion of incomplete verses or part verses)
 
|काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Kavya samasya purana (Completion of incomplete verses or part verses)
|तडागवापीप्रासादसमभूमिक्रिया Pattikavetrayanvikalpa - Furniture making.
+
|<nowiki>तडागवापीप्रासादसमभूमिक्रिया || Tadagavapiprasada samabhumi krya - Furniture making.</nowiki>
 
|making moulds
 
|making moulds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|34
 
|34
 
|पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Pattikavetravana vikalpa (Making ligatures, canes, arrows)
 
|पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Pattikavetravana vikalpa (Making ligatures, canes, arrows)
|घट्यादानेकयन्त्राणां वाद्यानां कृतिः Takshyakarm –Cutting wood to proper size and shape.
+
|<nowiki>घट्यादानेकयन्त्राणां वाद्यानां कृतिः || Ghatyadanekayantranam vadyanam krtih Cutting wood to proper size and shape.</nowiki>
 
|performing pUjll (daily worship)
 
|performing pUjll (daily worship)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|35
 
|35
 
|तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Tarkukarma (Spindle work)
 
|तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Tarkukarma (Spindle work)
|हीनमध्यादिसंयोगवर्णाद्यै रञ्जनम् TakshyaN - Carpentry.
+
|<nowiki>हीनमध्यादिसंयोगवर्णाद्यै रञ्जनम् || Hinamadhyadisamyogavarnadyai ranjana - Carpentry.</nowiki>
 
|inlay work
 
|inlay work
 
|-
 
|-
 
|36
 
|36
 
|तक्षणम् ॥ Takshana (Carpentry)
 
|तक्षणम् ॥ Takshana (Carpentry)
|जलवाय्वग्निसंयोगनिरोधैश्च क्रिया Vastuvidya - Civil engineering / architecture.
+
|<nowiki>जलवाय्वग्निसंयोगनिरोधैश्च क्रिया || Jalavayvanisamyoga nirodhaishcha krya - Civil engineering / architecture.</nowiki>
 
|arranging
 
|arranging
  
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|37
 
|37
 
|वास्तुविद्या ॥ Vastuvidya (Architecture)
 
|वास्तुविद्या ॥ Vastuvidya (Architecture)
|नौकारथादियानानां कृतिज्ञानम् Roopyaratna Pariksha - Valuations of gems and coins.
+
|<nowiki>नौकारथादियानानां कृतिज्ञानम् || naukarathadiyananam krti jnana  Valuations of gems and coins.</nowiki>
 
|preparing scents  
 
|preparing scents  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|38
 
|38
 
|रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा  ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones)
 
|रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा  ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones)
|सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् Dhatuwad- Mixing of metals like brass.
+
|<nowiki>सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् || Sutradirajjukarana vijnana Mixing of metals like brass.</nowiki>
 
|bangle-making
 
|bangle-making
 
|-
 
|-
 
|39
 
|39
 
|धातुवादः  ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy)
 
|धातुवादः  ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy)
|अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः Maniragakar Dyana- Idientification of pearls and gems.
+
|<nowiki>अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः || Anekatantusamyogaih Patabandha Idientification of pearls and gems.</nowiki>
 
|stitching
 
|stitching
 
|-
 
|-
 
|40
 
|40
 
|मणिरागज्ञानम्  ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones)
 
|मणिरागज्ञानम्  ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones)
|रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् Vrukshaurveda- knowledge of Botany.
+
|<nowiki>रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् || Ratnanam vedhadisadasad jnana knowledge of Botany.</nowiki>
 
|making ornaments
 
|making ornaments
 
|-
 
|-
 
|41
 
|41
 
|आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Akara jnana (Knowledge of latent minerals)
 
|आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Akara jnana (Knowledge of latent minerals)
|स्वर्णादीनां याथात्म्यविज्ञानम् Meshkukkutlavakyuddhavidhi – Knowledge of bird/ animal fighting for gambling.
+
|<nowiki>स्वर्णादीनां याथात्म्यविज्ञानम् || Svarnadinam yathatmya vijnana  – Knowledge of bird/ animal fighting for gambling.</nowiki>
 
|making sweets
 
|making sweets
 
|-
 
|-
 
|42
 
|42
 
|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants)
 
|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants)
|कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् Shukasarika Pralapan - training of bird to speak.
+
|<nowiki>कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana  - training of bird to speak.</nowiki>
 
|home-planning
 
|home-planning
 
|-
 
|-
 
|43
 
|43
 
|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport)
 
|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport)
|चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् Utsadan-Samvahan-Keshmardankaushal- Body massage and hair care.
+
|<nowiki>चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana Body massage and hair care.</nowiki>
 
|training animals
 
|training animals
 
|-
 
|-
 
|44
 
|44
 
|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
 
|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
|पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् Akshyarmushti kathan-Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions).
+
|<nowiki>पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions).</nowiki>
 
|training birds
 
|training birds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|45
 
|45
 
|उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
 
|उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
|दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् Mlenchhit Vikalpa- Secret communication through gestures.
+
|<nowiki>दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana - Secret communication through gestures.</nowiki>
 
|coding
 
|coding
  
Line 270: Line 270:
 
|46
 
|46
 
|केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)  
 
|केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)  
|घृतान्तम् Deshbhasha vidyan –Knowledge of foreign languages.
+
|<nowiki>घृतान्तम् || Grtanta Knowledge of foreign languages.</nowiki>
 
|making instruments/machines
 
|making instruments/machines
 
|-
 
|-
 
|47
 
|47
 
|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm)
 
|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm)
|सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् Pushpashakatika- Decoration of vehicles with flowers.
+
|<nowiki>सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana  Decoration of vehicles with flowers.</nowiki>
 
|training memory
 
|training memory
 
|-
 
|-
 
|48
 
|48
 
|म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians)
 
|म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians)
|बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् Nimittadyana – Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work.
+
|<nowiki>बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana  Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work.</nowiki>
 
|physical exercise  
 
|physical exercise  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|49
 
|49
 
|देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects)
 
|देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects)
|मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् Yantramatruka- Knowledge of instruments or machines
+
|<nowiki>मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana Knowledge of instruments or machines</nowiki>
 
|yogic
 
|yogic
  
Line 292: Line 292:
 
|50
 
|50
 
|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens)
 
|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens)
|वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् DharaNmatruka- Remembering heard sentences.
+
|<nowiki>वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana Remembering heard sentences.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|51
 
|51
 
|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet)
 
|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet)
|क्षुरकर्म Sampathya-
+
|<nowiki>क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|52
 
|52
 
|धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences)
 
|धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences)
|तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः Manasi Kavya Kriya – To complete incomplete poem or its part.
+
|<nowiki>तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti – To complete incomplete poem or its part.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|53
 
|53
 
|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes)  
 
|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes)  
|सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् Abhidhankosha-
+
|<nowiki>सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|54
 
|54
 
|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
 
|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
|वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला Chandodyan
+
|<nowiki>वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|55
 
|55
 
|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
 
|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
|मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् Kriyakalpa –Poetry forms
+
|<nowiki>मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana Poetry forms</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|56
 
|56
 
|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech)
 
|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech)
|वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् Chalitak Yog –Conceal body or speech.
+
|<nowiki>वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana –Conceal body or speech.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|57
 
|57
 
|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody)
 
|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody)
|काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् Vastragopan – covering parts of body with cloth.
+
|<nowiki>काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana – covering parts of body with cloth.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|58
 
|58
 
|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are)
 
|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are)
|जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् Dhyutavishesh-
+
|<nowiki>जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|59
 
|59
 
|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice)
 
|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice)
|लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् Aakarsh kriya - Playing with dices.
+
|<nowiki>लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana - Playing with dices.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|60
 
|60
 
|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
 
|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
|गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिकिया Balakridanak
+
|<nowiki>गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|61
 
|61
 
|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games)
 
|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games)
|शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् Vainayiki dyna – Behavior with known and unknown persons.
+
|<nowiki>शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana – Behavior with known and unknown persons.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|62
 
|62
 
|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms)
 
|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms)
|अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् Vaijayiki Dynan –Knowledge of victory.
+
|<nowiki>अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana  –Knowledge of victory.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|63
 
|63
 
|वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate)
 
|वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate)
|नानादेशईयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने Vyayam –Physical exercise.
+
|<nowiki>नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane Physical exercise.</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|64
 
|64
 
|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
 
|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
|ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम्  
+
|<nowiki>ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana </nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 03:08, 28 March 2018

Kala (Samskrit: कला) or Art is a vital component of the Ancient Indian Education System. They are disciplines, a student acquires knowledge of, during the course of training in the गुरुकुलम् ॥ Gurukula. They are called as चतुःषष्टिः कलाः ॥ Chatusshashti Kala since they are 64 in number.

परिचयः ॥ Introduction

भारतवर्षः ॥ Bharatavarsha (Ancient Indian Sub-continent) has always attached great value to knowledge. Talking of India's knowledge tradition, Kapil Kapoor says, "India's knowledge tradition is ancient and uninterrupted like the flow of the river Ganga."

ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana (Knowledge) has been at the centre of all speculations in India. There are three terms that appear in all discussions related to knowledge[1]:

  • दर्शनम् ॥ Darshana
  • ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana
  • विद्या ॥ Vidya

दर्शनम् ॥ Darshana literally means "a point of view" which leads to ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana (knowledge). When this knowledge, gathered about a particular domain is organized and systematized for purposes of चिन्तनम् ॥ Chintana (reflection) and अध्यापनम् ॥ Adhyapana (pedagogy), it attains the status of विद्या ॥ Vidya (discipline).

The tradition always talks of a combination 18 major विद्याः ॥ Vidyas (disciplines of knowledge) and 64 कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) while referring to the curriculum of Ancient Indian Education[2]

The 18 विद्याः ॥ Vidyas include:

  • चतुर्वेदाः ॥ The Four Vedas: ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda, यजुर्वेदः ॥ Yajurveda, सामवेदः ॥ Samaveda and अथर्ववेदः ॥ Atharvaveda
  • चत्वारः उपवेदाः ॥ The Four subsidiary Vedas: आयुर्वेदः ॥ Ayurveda (medicine), धनुर्वेदः ॥ Dhanurveda (weaponry), गान्धर्ववेदः ॥ Gandharvaveda (music) and शिल्पशास्त्रम् ॥ Shilpashastra (architecture)
  • चत्वारि उपाङ्गानि ॥ The Four Upangas: पुराणम् ॥ Purana, न्यायः ॥ Nyaya, मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa, धर्मशास्त्रम् ॥ Dharma Shastra
  • षड्वेदाङ्गानि ॥ The Six Vedangas (Auxiliary Sciences): शिक्षा ॥ Shiksha (phonetics), व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana (grammar), छन्दस् ॥ Chandas (metre), ज्योतिष् ॥ Jyotish (astronomy), कल्पः ॥ Kalpa (ritual) and निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta (etymology)

However, as far as the कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) are concerned, there are competing enumerations of 64.

Which are the 64 Kalas ?

As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 कलाः ॥ Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in:

  • शैवतन्त्रम् ॥ Shaivatantra
  • महाभारतम् ॥ Mahabharata by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
  • कामसूत्रम् ॥ Kamasutra by वात्स्यायनः ॥ Vatsyayana
  • नाट्यशास्त्रम् ॥ Natya Shastra by भरतमुनिः ॥ Bharatamuni
  • भगवतपुराणम् ॥ Bhagavata Purana by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
  • शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by शुक्राचार्यः ॥ Shukracharya
  • शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by बसवराजेन्द्रः ॥ Basavarajendra

The list of the 64 Kalas in some these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table:

चतुःषष्टिः कलाः ॥ Chatusshashti Kala (64 Arts)
Text शैवतन्त्रम्[3][4][5] शुक्रनीतिसार शिवतत्वरत्नाकरः
1 गीतम् ॥ Geeta (Singing) नर्तनम् ॥ Nartana - Singing History
2 वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments) वादनम् || Vadana Playing musical instruments Poetry
3 नृत्यम् ॥ Nrtya (Dancing) वस्त्रालङ्कारसन्धानम् || Vastralankara sandhana Calligraphy
4 नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry) अनेकरूपाविर्भावकृतिज्ञानम् || Anekaroopavirbhavakrti jnana Visheshakchhadya - Forhead decoration with paper, leaves etc. Metrical compositions
5 आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy) शय्यस्तरणसंयोगपुष्पादिग्रथनम् || shayyastaranasamyoga pushpadi grathana use of colored rice grains and flower for worship. Dancing
6 विशेषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Visheshakacchedya (Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances) द्युताद्यनेकक्रीडा || Dyutadyanekakreeda - Floral carpets Evaluating precious stones
7 तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Tandula kusumayalivikara (Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc) अनेकासनसन्धानैः रतेः ज्ञानम् || Anekasanasandhanaih rateh jnaana - Decaration of nails and body Wrestling
8 पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Pushpaastarana (Preparing a bed of flowers) मकरन्दादीनां मद्यादीनां कृतिः || Makarandadinam madyadinam krti - Floor decoration with pearls or precious stones. Cooking
9 दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Dashana vasananga raga (Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel) शिराव्रणव्याधे शूल्यगूढाहृतौ ज्ञानम् || Shiravranavyadhe shulyagudhahrtau jnana – Bed arrangement. Magic
10 मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones) हिङ्ग्वादिरससंयोगाद् अन्नादिपचनम् || Hingvadi rasasamyogad annadi pachana Series of water pots for creating music. Shoe-making
11 शयनरचनम् ॥ Shayana rachana (Preparing a bed) वृक्षादिप्रसवारोपपालनादिकृतिः || Vrkshadiprasavaropapalanadi krti Udakaghat - Sprinkling with water cannons. Thieving
12 उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Udakavadya (Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water) पाषाणधात्वादिहतिस्तद्भस्मोकरणम् || Pashanadhatvadi hatistadbhasmokarana – Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy Iron smithery
13 उदकघातः ॥ Udakaghata (Sprinkling with water cannons) इक्षुविकाराणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Ikshuvikaranam Krtijnana - Preparation of floral garlands and hair bands Painting
14 चित्रायोगाः ॥ Chitrayoga (Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy) धात्वौषधीनां संयोगक्रियाज्ञानम् || Dhatu Aushadhinam samyoga Kriya jnana – Ladies hair styling. Gardening
15 माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ Malyagrathana vikalpa (Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers) धातुसाङ्कर्य्यपार्थक्यकरणम् || Dhatu sankaryaparthakya karana - Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers. Carpentry
16 केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling) धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् || Dhatu adinam samyogaporva jnana - Ear ornaments preparation. Hair-dressing
17 नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Nepathyayoga (Modes of beautifying the body with cloths and ornaments of various kinds) क्षारनिष्कासनज्ञानम् || ksharanishkasana jnana - Making scented dhupa. Hunting
18 कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Karnapatrabhanga (Painting ornamental figures on the ears) पदादिन्यासतः शस्त्रसन्धानविक्षेपः || Padadinyasata shastrasandhana vikshepa - Ornamental make-up Trading
19 गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Gandhayukti (Making perfumes and cosmetics) सन्ध्याघाताकृष्टिभेदैः मल्लयुद्धम् || Sandhyaghatakrshribhedaih Mallayuddha – Magic / mesmerism. Agriculture
20 भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Bhushanayojana (Making ornaments of various designs) मल्लानामशस्त्रं मुष्टिभिः बाहुयुद्धम् || Mallanamashastram mushtibhih bahuyuddha - the art of beautification Animal husbandry
21 इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery) बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् || Baladarpavinashantam Niyuddha - Hand magic. making medicines,
22 कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ Kauchumarayoga (the art of beautification) सन्निपातावघातैश्च कृतं निपीडनम् तन्मुक्तिः || Sannipatavaghataishcha Krtam nipeedanam tanmuktiH - Culinary preparations- sweets etc. leather work,
23 हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Hastalaghava (Sleight of hand) अभिलक्षिते देशे यन्त्राद्यस्वनिपातनम् || Abhilakshite deshe yantradyasvanipatana Making sharbat or syrups. driving,
24 चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art) वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना || Vadyasanketato Vyuharachana –Needle work-Embroidery fishing,
25 पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)   गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् || Gajashvarathagatya Yuddhasamyojana –Hand puppets show speech-making
26 सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds) विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana Playing musical instruments like veena or damru singing
27 वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Veena damaruka sutra kreeda (Making musical instruments of various kinds and working puppets by strings) सारथ्यं च गजाश्वादेर्गतिशिक्षा || Sarathyam cha Gajashvadergatishiksha Solving riddles. playing musical instruments
28 प्रहेलिका ॥ Prahelika (Solving riddles) मृत्तिकाभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Mrttika bhandadi satkrya An interesting style of reading text or poem. preparing manuscripts
29 प्रतिमा* ॥ Pratima (Sculpture) काष्ठभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Kashtha bhandadi satkrya Reciting text which is difficult to pronounce and understand. garland-making,
30 दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Durvachaka yoga (Skill in uttering tongue twisters) पाषाणभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Pashana bhandadi satkrya Book reading dyeing
31 पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ Pustaka vachana (The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly) धातुभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Dhatu bhandadi satkrya -Dramatics body-care
32 नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम्  ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing) चित्राद्यालिखनम् || Chitradyalikhana – Solving riddles. use of weapons
33 काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Kavya samasya purana (Completion of incomplete verses or part verses) तडागवापीप्रासादसमभूमिक्रिया || Tadagavapiprasada samabhumi krya - Furniture making. making moulds
34 पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Pattikavetravana vikalpa (Making ligatures, canes, arrows) घट्यादानेकयन्त्राणां वाद्यानां कृतिः || Ghatyadanekayantranam vadyanam krtih Cutting wood to proper size and shape. performing pUjll (daily worship)
35 तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Tarkukarma (Spindle work) हीनमध्यादिसंयोगवर्णाद्यै रञ्जनम् || Hinamadhyadisamyogavarnadyai ranjana - Carpentry. inlay work
36 तक्षणम् ॥ Takshana (Carpentry) जलवाय्वग्निसंयोगनिरोधैश्च क्रिया || Jalavayvanisamyoga nirodhaishcha krya - Civil engineering / architecture. arranging

flowers

37 वास्तुविद्या ॥ Vastuvidya (Architecture) नौकारथादियानानां कृतिज्ञानम् || naukarathadiyananam krti jnana Valuations of gems and coins. preparing scents
38 रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा  ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones) सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् || Sutradirajjukarana vijnana Mixing of metals like brass. bangle-making
39 धातुवादः  ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy) अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः || Anekatantusamyogaih Patabandha Idientification of pearls and gems. stitching
40 मणिरागज्ञानम्  ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones) रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् || Ratnanam vedhadisadasad jnana knowledge of Botany. making ornaments
41 आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Akara jnana (Knowledge of latent minerals) स्वर्णादीनां याथात्म्यविज्ञानम् || Svarnadinam yathatmya vijnana – Knowledge of bird/ animal fighting for gambling. making sweets
42 वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants) कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana - training of bird to speak. home-planning
43 मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport) चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana Body massage and hair care. training animals
44 शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech) पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions). training birds
45 उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm) दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana - Secret communication through gestures. coding
46 केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair) घृतान्तम् || Grtanta Knowledge of foreign languages. making instruments/machines
47 अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm) सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana Decoration of vehicles with flowers. training memory
48 म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians) बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work. physical exercise
49 देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects) मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana Knowledge of instruments or machines yogic

practices

50 पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens) वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana Remembering heard sentences.
51 यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet) क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma
52 धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences) तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti – To complete incomplete poem or its part.
53 सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes) सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana
54 मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse) वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala
55 क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms) मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana Poetry forms
56 छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech) वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana –Conceal body or speech.
57 अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody) काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana – covering parts of body with cloth.
58 वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are) जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana
59 द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice) लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana - Playing with dices.
60 आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects) गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya
61 बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games) शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana – Behavior with known and unknown persons.
62 वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms) अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana –Knowledge of victory.
63 वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate) नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane Physical exercise.
64 वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control) ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana

*The शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma mentions प्रतिमाला ॥ Pratimala (Capping verses) instead of प्रतिमा ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)

References

  1. Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, Indian Knowledge Systems, Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.11
  2. Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, Indian Knowledge Systems, Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.18
  3. Vachaspatyam
  4. Shabdakalpadruma
  5. Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana (Part II), English redition: C.L.Goswami, Gorakhpur: Gita Press, Fourth Edition (1997), Pg.no.294 (annotation)