Mutra (मूत्रम्)

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Mutra or Mootra literally means Urine. Mutra is one of the malas described in Ayurveda. Malas are the wastes or waste biproducts of the digestion and metabolism. At gross level, malas are known to be 3 viz. Purisha, Mutra and sweda. These are generated as wastes during the digestion and processing of the food that we eat. Mutra among these, is the liquid form of waste equated with Urine.

Etymology

Organ entities involved in Mutra formation

According to Ayurvedic treatises, the organs involved in the physiology of urine formation are “Mutravaha strotas” which are the channels carrying Mutra. The moola or the root organ is “Vasti” which is the urinary bladder. “Vankshanas” (inguinal region) and “Medhra” which here is the penile region of the urethra.

Kidneys are considered as “Vrikka” which is the moola or the root organ of “Medavaha strotas” hence are not a part of the Ayurvedic physiology of urine formation.

Mutravaha Strotas

(Char.Vima.5.8)

Strotasas are precisely channels that are involved in the transportation and transformation of the dhatu and waste substances.

Mutravaha strotas are the channels that transport urine from Basti (urinary bladder) through Medhra () for excretion.

Mutravaha strotas is also a fundamental entity for diagnostic purposes.

Causes of vitiation of Mutravaha strotasa

There are certain causes that are responsible for the vitiation of Mutravaha Strotas, (Char.Vima.5.20)

Drinking water and intake of food during the urge of urination
Coitus during the urge of micturition
Suppression of the urge of urination specifically in people that are suffering from emaciation and are wounded.

Symptoms of vitiation of Mutravaha strotas

Excessive urination quantitively
Very less expulsion of urine
Frequent urination
Diminished urination (in frequency)
Thick urine consistency
Painful urination

Function

(Sush.Sutr.15.5) dalhan teeka (Asht.Hrud.Sutr.11.5)

Separation and excretion of excessive moisture content from the body
Filling of the urinary bladder
Maintenance of volume in the bladder

Mutra Pareeksha

Mutra Pareeksha according to ayurvedic treatises is the diagnostic as well as the prognostic tool of examination. Acharya Yogratnakar has explained “Asthasthana Pareeksha” () one of which is the Mutra pareeksha or the urine examination.

(yogratnakar Mutra pareeksha)

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF MUTRA PARIKSHA (URINE EXAMINATION) IN THE CONTEXT OF AYURVEDA & MODERN CONTEXT

Taila-Bindu Pareeksha

This is a unique method of examination according to Acharya Yogratnakar that includes the usage of Til taila (sesame oil) as the tool for examination.

Collection of Mutra

Urine is collected for Mutra Pareeksha before four ghatika in the last Yama of the night. Midflow urine is collected in the glass dish, bronze dish, or earthen dish. Then a single drop of tila taila is dropped in the dish filled with urine and the drop is observed.

Interpretations

Shape of oil drop	Dosha dominant
Sarpa (snake-like)	Vata
Chhatra (umbrella-like)	Pitta
Mukta (pearl-like)	Kapha

Movement	Sadhyasdhyata (prognosis)
Spreads immediately	Sadhya (curable)
Sinks to the bottom	Asadhya (incurable)
Does not spread	Kashtasadhya (difficult to cure)

According to the direction of movement,

Spread of oil drop	Prognosis
east/west/north/south	Curable
Eshanya (North east)	Death within one month
Agneya(south east)/nairutya (south west)	Immediate death
Vayavya (north west)	Bad prognosis

Clinical features of disturbed levels of Mutra

Mutrakshaya Lakshana

(Char.sutr.17.71) (Sush.Sutr.15.11) (Asht.Hrud.Sutr.11.22)

मूत्रकृच्छ्रं - Painful expulsion of urine.
मूत्रवैवर्ण्य - discolouration of the urine
पिपासा - excessive thirst
मुखं च परिशुष्यति| - dryness of mouth
Hematuria
Reduced urine frequency and quantity
Pain in lower abdomen

Mutravriddhi Lakshana

(Sush.Sutr.15.15) (Asht.Hrud.Sutr.11.13)

Increase in the quantity of urine
Pricking pain in the region of the urinary bladder
Abdominal distension
Increased urine frequency

Diseases pertaining to Mutra and its channels

(Char.sidd.9.25,26)

Mutrauksada - dense urine
Mutrajathara - accumulation of urine in the abdominal cavity
Mutrautsanga - residual urine
Mutratita - delayed urination
Mutrakrichra - dysuria
Vatashtila - stone-like swelling
Vatabasti - an affliction of vata dosha in the vasti
Ushnavata - burning urination
Raktagranthi - swelling in the bladder

General Management

Specific medicines

Mutrasangrahaniya, Mutravirajinya, and mutrala are the specific gana or the group of herbs that are responsible for the treatment of various Mutra vikaras.

Gana	Dravyas
Mutrasangrahaniya	(Syzygium cumini)jambu, (Mangifera indica Linn.)amra, (Ficus lacor Buch.)plaksha, (Ficus benghalensis Linn.)vata, (Albizzia lebbeck)kaptana, (Ficus racemosa)udumbara, (Ficus religiosa )ashwattha, (Semecarpus anacardium) bhallataka, (Bauhinia racemosa)ashmantaka, (Acacia catechu Willd )somavalka
Mutravirajaniya	Padmak(nelumbo nucefera),Utpala (Nymphea stellata),Saugandhika (white ginger lily),Yashtimadhu (Glycirrhiza glabra), Priyangu (Callicarpa microphila), Dhataki (woodfordia fructicosa)
Mutrala	Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Vasuka (Indigofera ennaphila), Vashira (Gyanadropis gynandra), Darbha(Desmostachya bipinnata), Kusha, Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum)