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Vedic literature includes extensive volumes of texts which can be classified as the Auxiliary and Subsidiary Texts of the Vedas. To clarify the Vedas and in understanding them, over a period of time, different explanatory shastras have evolved to explain the subtle concepts presented in Vedas and they are grouped under Veda vaangmayam.

Vedic literature includes extensive volumes of texts which can be classified as the Auxiliary and Subsidiary Texts of the Vedas. To clarify the Vedas and in understanding them, over a period of time, different explanatory shastras have evolved to explain the subtle concepts presented in Vedas and they are grouped under Veda vaangmayam.

Understanding vedic literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject. While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha to explain muhurtas in vedic rituals) others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of material from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata). Vaidika vaangmayam include various texts collectively making up a huge volume of literature    

Understanding vedic literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject. While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha to explain muhurtas in vedic rituals) others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of material from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata). Vaidika vaangmayam include various texts collectively making up a huge volume of literature

# वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas

# वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas

# वेदउपङ्गम् || Veda-Upangas  

# वेदउपङ्गम् || Veda-Upangas

# उपवेदः || Upa-Vedas

# उपवेदः || Upa-Vedas

# पुराणम् || Puranas

# पुराणम् || Puranas

# उपपुराणम् || Upa-Puranas

# उपपुराणम् || Upa-Puranas

# पञ्चमवेदम् || Panchamavedam

# पञ्चमवेदम् || Panchamavedam

# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas  

# परिशिष्टम् || Parishistas

== वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas ==

 

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of "उपकारकः ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)", and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedaangas. <blockquote>"शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । "ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदंगानि षडेव तु ॥"</blockquote>According to the above sloka Vedaangas are six in number namely Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Niruktam, Chandas, Jyotisha.<ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Vedangas] Introduction</ref>  

 

== वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas[edit | edit source] ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of "उपकारकः ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)", and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedaangas.<blockquote>"शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । "ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदंगानि षडेव तु ॥"</blockquote>According to the above sloka Vedaangas are six in number namely Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Niruktam, Chandas, Jyotisha.^[1]

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

! Title

! Title

|<nowiki>6.कल्प || Kalpa</nowiki>

|<nowiki>6.कल्प || Kalpa</nowiki>

| Science or manual of sacrificial rituals, both Vedic and domestic.

| Science or manual of sacrificial rituals, both Vedic and domestic.

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥</blockquote>In Paninineeyasiksha these six vedaangas are divided as given in the above sloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotisha are the eyes, Nirukta forms the ears, Siksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakaranam. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>The [http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf Vedangas] (Organs of the Vedas) by Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian</ref>

|}

== वेद उपाङ्गम् || Veda-Upaangas ==

<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥</blockquote>In Paninineeyasiksha these six vedaangas are divided as given in the above sloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotisha are the eyes, Nirukta forms the ears, Siksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakaranam. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".^[2]

 

== वेद उपाङ्गम् || Veda-Upaangas[edit | edit source] ==

<blockquote>"कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥"</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Goutama rushi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

<blockquote>"कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥"</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Goutama rushi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

 

Above Sloka from from Padma puranam shows that these darsanas belong to ancient period and not in later time period.

Above Sloka from from Padma puranam shows that these darsanas belong to ancient period and not in later time period.  

These are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which is known as Shad Darsanas. They are:

These are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which is known as Shad Darsanas. They are:

{| class="wikitable"| colspan="6" |                                                       '''VEDA UPANGAS'''

{|

! colspan="6" | '''Shad Darshana Or Six  Systems Of Hindu Philosophy'''

! colspan="6" | '''Shad Darshana Or Six  Systems Of Hindu Philosophy'''

|-

|-

|<nowiki> न्याय || Nyaya</nowiki>

|<nowiki> न्याय || Nyaya</nowiki>

| [[Vaisheshika|वैसेषिक || Vaiseshika]]

| वैसेषिक

| [[Samkhya|साङ्ख्य || Samkhya]]

|Vaiseshika

| साङ्ख्य

|Samkhya

|<nowiki> योग || Yoga</nowiki>

|<nowiki> योग || Yoga</nowiki>

|<nowiki> पूर्व मिमांसा || Poorva Mimamsa</nowiki>

|<nowiki> पूर्व मिमांसा || Poorva Mimamsa</nowiki>

|<nowiki>उत्तर मिमांसा || Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त || Vedanta. </nowiki>

|<nowiki>उत्तर मिमांसा || Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त || Vedanta. </nowiki>

|}

|}

== उपवेदम् || Upavedas  ==

 

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda<ref>[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/upaveda/ Upavedas] Introduction</ref> viz.

== उपवेदम् || Upavedas [edit | edit source] ==

They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda^[3] viz.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

! Title

! Title

| Science of archery and warfare

| Science of archery and warfare

| Yajurveda.

| Yajurveda.

|}Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

|}

Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy. The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.

== पुराणानि ॥Puranas and Upapuranas[edit | edit source] ==

== पुराणानि ॥Puranas and Upapuranas ==

The Puranas is a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Maha Puranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upa Puranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.^[4]

The Puranas is a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Maha Puranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upa Puranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.<ref>[http://www.vcscsd.org/content/balabhavan/18-Puranas.pdf 18 Puranas English Translation]</ref>

The 18 MahaPuranas listed in Agni Puranam are as follows

The 18 MahaPuranas listed in Agni Puranam are as follows

The following are the 18 Upa Puranas

The following are the 18 Upa Puranas

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+अष्टादश उपपुराणानि

|+अष्टादश उपपुराणानि

|Sanathkumareeyam

|Sanathkumareeyam

|Naarasimham

|Naarasimham

|Bhaargava

|Bhaargava

|}

|}

The Puranas have been influential in the development of Bharateeya samskriti. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas.  

The Puranas have been influential in the development of Bharateeya samskriti. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas.

The Bhagavata Purana has been among the most celebrated, popularly studied and the principles practiced with reverence presently by people all over the world. The Puranic literature has become more popular with the Bhakti movement in India. Both Dvaita and Advaita scholars have given bhasyas or commentaries on the various vedantic philosophies of the Maha Puranas.

The Bhagavata Purana has been among the most celebrated, popularly studied and the principles practiced with reverence presently by people all over the world. The Puranic literature has become more popular with the Bhakti movement in India. Both Dvaita and Advaita scholars have given bhasyas or commentaries on the various vedantic philosophies of the Maha Puranas.

== परिशिष्टम् || Parisista ==

== परिशिष्टम् || Parisista[edit | edit source] ==

Pariśiṣṭa "supplement, appendix" is the term applied to various ancillary works of Vedic literature, dealing mainly with details of ritual and elaborations of the texts logically and chronologically prior to them are the Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Sutras. Naturally classified with the Veda to which each pertains, Parisista works exist for each of the four Vedas. However, only the literature associated with the Atharvaveda is extensive.

Pariśiṣṭa "supplement, appendix" is the term applied to various ancillary works of Vedic literature, dealing mainly with details of ritual and elaborations of the texts logically and chronologically prior to them are the Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Sutras. Naturally classified with the Veda to which each pertains, Parisista works exist for each of the four Vedas. However, only the literature associated with the Atharvaveda is extensive.

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

पुराणंपञ्चमोवेद इति ब्रह्मानुशासनम् (Skan. Pura. 5.3.1.18)  

 

पुराणंपञ्चमोवेद इति ब्रह्मानुशासनम् (Skan. Pura. 5.3.1.18)

 

Puranas are also considered as Panchamaveda according to the Skaandapurana.<ref>Skaandapuranam ([http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/puranas/skanda_purana/skanda_purana_05avanti_03reva.pdf Revakhandam] 5.3.1.18)</ref>

Apart from Shrimad Mahabharatam and Puranas, later texts such as Bharata's Natyashastram also called as Panchamavedam by a few scholars.

== References[edit | edit source] ==

== References ==