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Line 1: − Dharma taught in the Vedas is of two fold nature, characterised by [[Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] and [[Nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]]+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], is inward contemplation. These two governed by dharma (धर्म) brings about even stability of the world<ref name=":0">Swami, Ranganathananda, Universal Message of Bhagavad Gita: An exposition of the Gita in the Light of Modern Thought and Modern Needs. Volume 1 </ref>.
== Detailed Discussion ==
[[Adi Sankaracharya]] in his commentary on [[Bhagavad Gita]] mentions:
''dvividho hi vedokto dharmah; pravíttilaksano nivritti-laksanah ca''.
''jagatah sthiti karanam praninam abhyudaya nishryasa hetuh''
Translation: The dharma (धर्म) taught in Veddas is of a two-fold nature, characterized by pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), which is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], which is inward contemplation. dharma (धर्म) brings about even stability of the world, which are meant to ensure the true [[अभ्युदय|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय)]], socio economic welfare and [[nihsreyasa (नि:श्रेयस)]], spiritual freedom of all being.
Both action and meditation are needed for human well-being. If only one or the other is there, there will be no health, individual or social. Through pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), one establishes a welfare society through the improvement of economy and the political system. Through [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] one achieves a value-oriented life that comes from humanity's inner spiritual dimension.<ref name=":0" />
There is stress in modern civilization because there is no emphasis on [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], there is emphasis only on pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति). German philosopher Schopenhauer said: 'When men achieve security and welfare, now that they have solved all other problems, they become a problem to themselves'<ref>Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea</ref>. When there is the endless pursuit of money, power, and pleasure, the result is the creation of widespread value erosion and increasing violence<ref name=":0" />. All this is due to lack of [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]].
=== Abhyudaya and Nihsreyasa ===
Therefor Sankara emphasises on ''Praninam saksat abhyudaya-nihsreyasa-hetuh -'' a philosophy of life which integrates social welfare and spiritual freedom through action and meditation. There is one point to be mentioned in this context. Udaya after abhi means welfare; abhi means together, not alone; it is an
=== Commentary ===
Therefor