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ShadPramanas (षड्प्रमाणाः) (view source)
Revision as of 14:37, 26 October 2017
, 14:37, 26 October 2017→Shabda Pramana
=== Shabda Pramana ===
=== Shabda Pramana ===
Shabda pramana also called Agama pramana, sastra pramana. "sabdha vijnanata samyag sannikrsharta anubhavah agamaha" that evidence realized by the power of words is called Shabhda pramana. "agama," literally means "that which has come", contextually it means that evidence which is realized by the process of understanding scriptures from saintly people or truthful persons. Agama pramanas are divided in two parts- one is vedas, upanishadas, puranas, dharma sastras, and smritis. These are "apaurusheya,” non human origin. The words of saints and near and dear ones are "paurusheya pramanas. Basically paurusheya pramanas ultimately do not contradict the scritpures.
Shabda literally means verbal knowledge. Shabda pramana is also called as Agama pramana, sastra pramana according to the school of thought. "sabdha vijnanata samyag sannikrsharta anubhavah agamaha" that evidence about objects realized by the power of words and sentences is called Shabhda pramana. This knowledge depends on reliable authority and also on aakaksha, yogyata and aasatti of a sentence. Different sounds such as those arising from musical instruments and bamboos also contribute to the realization of this knowledge. "Agama," literally means "that which has come", contextually it means that evidence which is realized by the process of understanding scriptures from rishis who constitute reliable authority. Agama pramanas are divided in two parts - Apaurusheya and Paurusheya. Vedas, upanishadas, puranas, dharma sastras, and smritis are "apaurusheya,” or of non human origin. The words of rishis and elders constitute "paurusheya pramanas. Basically paurusheya pramanas ultimately do not contradict the Vedas.
Shabda pramana is designated in various ways by the different schools of Indian system. Thus, it is "shabda", according to Naiyayikas, "Shastra" according to Mimaamsakas, "Aptavachana" according to Samkhyaists and "Aagama" to Vedantins.
=== Upamana Pramana ===
The knowledge of similarity is generated by Upamana. This knowledge arises by the use of comparison of two things and the presence of some common factors in a thing. However, the word Upamana has been translated variously as comparison, analogy, identification, knowledge by similarity and knowledge by assimilation. It is derived from the words Upa meaning saadrisya or similarity and maana meaning cognition.
A person, who has perceived a cow in a town goes to a forest, and perceives a wild cow. He has an apprehension "this animal is similar to a cow" owing to the meeting of his eyes with the animal.. This knowledge of similarity of a cow with a wild cow is acquired by comparison.
Arthaapatti Pramana
other subsidary pramanas are upamana, arthaprapti, anupalabdhi, sambhava, etihya lipi, loka pramana.
other subsidary pramanas are upamana, arthaprapti, anupalabdhi, sambhava, etihya lipi, loka pramana.