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Line 79: − + − Yaskaacharya has accepted 4 Jaatis (or race) types of words (Bhedachatustayam) : + − # '''NaamaJaati :''' Satva pradhaanam or Significance attributed to existence of a thing as in Ghata pot, Money Dhanam + − # '''Aakhyata Jaati :''' Bhaava pradhaanam or Significance attributed to action or kriya as in Read patathi, Do karoti − # '''Upasarga Jaati :''' Naanavidha visesha artha pradhaanam, Significance attributed to a special meaning of one word as in Aahara, samhaara, vihaara − # '''Nipaata Jaati :''' Upamaarthe pada puranaartham Significance of comparision and for appropriate chandas as in eva, na, cha − + + + + + + + + Line 94:
Line 98: − + − + − + − + − − The rigveda and samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. Yajurveda has both prose and sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas. − − Vaidikachandas is different from chandas and meters of poems in classical sanskrit. Vaidikachandas is Akshara pradhanam or the number of letters is significant to understand the chandas and not the maatras. The general sutras as applicable to classical sanskrit is not applicable to Vaidikachandas. − − Pingalacharyas "Chandahsutram" is a work which gives information about vaidikachandas. The number of letters range from 1 to 104. Based on the number of letters each chandas has a different name. − − ''Gayatri (24 aksharani)'' − − ''Anustup (32 aksharani)'' − − ''Tristup (44 aksharani)'' − − ''Jagati (48 aksharani)'' − − ''Asthi (64 aksharani)'' − − ''Prakriti (84 aksharani)'' − ''Vikruti (92 aksharani)'' + − ''Abhikruti (100 aksharani)'' + − ''Utkruti (104 aksharani)'' are among a few as examples. + + + + + + + + + + + − + − + − + − + − Telugu Indian content... ==
Shad Vedangas (षड्वेदाङ्गानि) (view source)
Revision as of 19:34, 9 August 2017
, 19:34, 9 August 2017संस्कृत शब्द +
== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ==
== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ==
Maharshi Yaska's Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in Bharatavarsha and given to the world. it is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the sutra format. Saayanaacharya while giving the preface of Rigveda Bhasyam speaks thus about Niruktam : "अथावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम्" (meaning???). When other Vedangas extol the material aspects or tattvas of Vedas , nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or tattvas of the Vedas.
महर्षि यक्ष || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in भारतवर्ष || Bharatavarsha and given to the world. it is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the सूत्र || sutra format. सायनाचार्य || Saayanaacharya while giving the preface of ऋग्वेद भाष्यं || Rigveda Bhasyam speaks thus about निरुक्तम् || Niruktam :
"अथावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम्" (meaning???).
When other वेदाङ्ग || Vedangas extol the material aspects or तत्व || tattvas of Vedas, निरुक्तम् || nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or तत्व || tattvas of the Vedas.
Without the existence of Niruktam understanding the Vedic terminology is extremely difficult. Yaskaacharya in his preface to Niruktam says
यस्काचार्य || Yaskaacharya has accepted 4 जाति || Jaatis (race) types of भेदचतुस्तयं || Bhedachatustayam (words) :
# '''नाम जाति || Naama Jaati :''' सत्व प्रधानं || Satva pradhaanam or Significance attributed to existence of a thing as in Ghata pot, Money Dhanam
# '''आख्यत जाति || Aakhyata Jaati :''' भाव प्रधानं || Bhaava pradhaanam or Significance attributed to action or kriya as in Read patathi, Do karoti
# '''उपसर्ग जाति || Upasarga Jaati :''' नानाविधा विशेष अर्थ प्रधानं || Naanavidha visesha artha pradhaanam, Significance attributed to a special meaning of one word as in आहार || Aahara, सम्हार || samhaara, विहार || vihaara
# '''निपात जाति || Nipaata Jaati :''' उपमार्थे पद पुराणार्थं || Upamaarthe pada puranaartham, Significance of comparision and for appropriate chandas as in eva, na, cha
Without the existence of निरुक्त || Niruktam understanding the Vedic terminology is extremely difficult. Yaskaacharya in his preface to Niruktam says
"समाम्नायः समाम्नातः स व्याख्यातव्यः"
"समाम्नायः समाम्नातः स व्याख्यातव्यः"
"इदमन्तरेण मन्त्रेष्वर्थप्रत्ययो न विद्यते इति" - ''"Through this means that without this the meaning of mantras cannot be obtained".''
"इदमन्तरेण मन्त्रेष्वर्थप्रत्ययो न विद्यते इति" - ''"Through this means that without this the meaning of mantras cannot be obtained".''
Thus it can be inferred that Niruktam determines the meanings of various vedic mantras and comments on them. Knowledge about the various divine beings is given by Nirukta, hence it's use in various yagna karmas is indispensible. Thus only Nirukta experts can understand the different characteristics or identifiying marks of various vedic gods.
Thus it can be inferred that निरुक्तम् || Niruktam determines the meanings of various वॆदिक मंत्र || vedic mantras and comments on them. Knowledge about the various divine beings is given by Nirukta, hence it's use in various यज्ञ कर्म || yagna karmas is indispensable. Thus only निरुक्तम् || Nirukta experts can understand the different characteristics or identifying marks of various vedic Gods.
'''Difference between Vyakarana and Nirukta''' : While vyakarana discusses the origin of the word, Nirukta determines the meaning, thus it completes the study of vyakarana. While vyakaranam is lakshana pradhanam or defines the attributes of a word, Nirukta independently explains the meaning (artha pradhanam). With out Niruktam splitting of the word is not possible, while grammar talks about rules for splitting the word, Nirukta defines how to split a word.
'''Difference between Vyakarana and Nirukta''' : While व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana discusses the origin of the word, निरुक्तम् || Niruktam determines the meaning, thus it completes the study of vyakarana. While vyakaranam is लक्षण प्रधानं || lakshana pradhanam or defines the attributes of a word, Nirukta is अर्थ प्रधानं || artha pradhanam (independently explains the meaning). With out निरुक्तम् || Niruktam splitting of the word is not possible, while grammar talks about rules for splitting the word, Nirukta defines how to split a word.
'''Difference between Nighantu and Nirukta''' : A Dictionary or Nighantu is a compilation of usages of Vedic literature whereas Nirukta extensively discusses the different Vedic words and their applications. Derivation of meaning of vedic terms is achieved in Nirukta. A dictionary consists of Panchadhyayas (5 components or 5 topics ???) whereas Nirukta deals with Dvadashaadhyayas (12 components???).
'''Difference between Nighantu and Nirukta''' : A Dictionary or निघन्तु || Nighantu is a compilation of usages of Vedic literature whereas निरुक्तम् || Nirukta extensively discusses the different Vedic words and their applications. Derivation of meaning of vedic terms is achieved in Nirukta. A dictionary consists of पञ्चद्याय || Panchadhyayas (5 components or 5 topics ???) whereas Nirukta deals with द्वदशाद्याय || Dvadashaadhyayas (12 components???).
== छन्दः ॥ Chandas ==
== छन्दः ॥ Chandas ==
Vedas are bound in chandas or in a metre. Since vedas are highly dependent on the sound or the way they are uttered, chandas very important for their accurate utterance. It is the science for determination of metrical forms and qualities of mantras.
Vedas are bound in छन्दः || chandas or in a metre. Since vedas are highly dependent on the sound or the way they are uttered, chandas very important for their accurate utterance. It is the science for determination of metrical forms and qualities of mantras.
The ऋग्वेद || rigveda and सामवेद || samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. यजुर्वेद || Yajurveda has both prose and श्लोक || sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas.
वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas is different from chandas and meters of poems in classical sanskrit. Vaidikachandas is अक्षर प्रधानं || Akshara pradhanam or the number of letters is significant to understand the छन्दः || chandas and not the मात्रा || maatras. The general सूत्र || sutras as applicable to classical sanskrit is not applicable to वैदिक छन्दः || Vaidikachandas.
Pingalacharyas चन्दःसुत्रं ||"Chandahsutram" is a work which gives information about vaidikachandas. The number of letters range from 1 to 104. Based on the number of letters each chandas has a different name.
* गायत्री || Gayatri (24 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* अनुस्तुप् || Anustup (32 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* त्रिस्तुप् || Tristup (44 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* जगति || Jagati (48 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* अस्थि || Asthi (64 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* प्रकृति || Prakriti (84 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* विकृति || Vikruti (92 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* अभिकृति || Abhikruti (100 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
* उत्कृति || Utkruti (104 अक्षराणि || aksharani)
are among a few as examples.
== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ==
== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ==
It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favourable or propitious times for performing Yagas or Hindu rituals.
It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favorable or propitious times for performing यज्ञ || Yagas or Hindu rituals.
Jyotishshastram is like the eye to the veda purusha. Without the knowledge of this shastra Kala or time cannot be determined, for example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of yagnas and for travel the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the kala or time. as in jeevema sharadam shatam.
ज्योतिष शस्त्रम् || Jyotishshastram is like the eye to the वेद पुरुषः || veda purusha. Without the knowledge of this शस्त्र || shastra, काल || kala (time) cannot be determined, for example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of यज्ञ || yagnas and for travel the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. वैदिक संहिता || Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the काल || kala (time). as in जीवेम शरदम् शतम् || jeevema sharadam shatam.
Vyakarana and Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas Siksha, Chandas, Kalpa and Jyotisa are common for all Vedas.
व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana and निरुक्तम् || Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas शिक्षा || Siksha, छन्दः || Chandas, कल्प || Kalpa and ज्योतिष || Jyotisa are common for all Vedas.
Commentaries by Medhatiti, Govindaraja, Kallukabhatta are available to read Manu Smriti.
Commentaries by मेधतिति || Medhatiti, गोविन्दराज || Govindaraja, कल्लुकभट्ट || Kallukabhatta are available to read मनुस्मृति || Manu Smriti.
== Discussion ==
== Discussion ==
== References ==
== References ==