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| The aim, as quoted in the Taittiriya Upanishad is, धर्मं चर । ''dharmaṁ cara ।'' (11.1).<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, [https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/tait.html?lang=sa Shikshavalli], Anuvaka 11.1</ref> That is, to reinforce adherence to Dharma (धर्मपालनम्) at every step, every second. So that, no action be deemed as 'against dharma' (धर्मविरोधी). Other objectives include, | | The aim, as quoted in the Taittiriya Upanishad is, धर्मं चर । ''dharmaṁ cara ।'' (11.1).<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, [https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/tait.html?lang=sa Shikshavalli], Anuvaka 11.1</ref> That is, to reinforce adherence to Dharma (धर्मपालनम्) at every step, every second. So that, no action be deemed as 'against dharma' (धर्मविरोधी). Other objectives include, |
| * Developing a sense of social cognition. So that, no action goes against the well-being of the society as a whole. And this requires collective adherence to the following dharma by the society as quoted by Manu. | | * Developing a sense of social cognition. So that, no action goes against the well-being of the society as a whole. And this requires collective adherence to the following dharma by the society as quoted by Manu. |
− | <blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Abstention from injuring, truthfulness, abstention from unlawful appropriation, purity and control of the sense-organs,—this Manu has declared to be the sum and substance of duty for the four varnas.<ref name=":1" /> | + | <blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यम् अस्तेयं शौचम् इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Abstention from injuring, truthfulness, abstention from unlawful appropriation, purity and control of the sense-organs,—this Manu has declared to be the sum and substance of duty for the four varnas.<ref name=":1" /> |
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| In this collective responsibility of the society, the Kshatriyas are given the responsibility of protection, Vaishyas take care of nourishment while brahmanas facilitate teaching. | | In this collective responsibility of the society, the Kshatriyas are given the responsibility of protection, Vaishyas take care of nourishment while brahmanas facilitate teaching. |
| * Revelation of the 10 lakshanas of dharma as given in Manusmrti.: | | * Revelation of the 10 lakshanas of dharma as given in Manusmrti.: |
− | <blockquote>धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यं अक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् । । ६.९२ । ।<ref name=":3" /></blockquote><blockquote>''dhr̥tiḥ kṣamā damo'steyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । dhīrvidyā satyaṁ akrodho daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam । । 6.92 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Steadiness (refers to a stable behaviour even in extreme situations), Forgiveness, Self-control, Abstention from unrighteous appropriation, Purity (internal and outwardly), Control of the Sense-organs, Discrimination (sat-asat-viveka), Knowledge (the art of using all knowledge in a beneficial way), Truthfulness, and Absence of anger (in thought, word and deed)— these are the ten-fold forms of duty.<ref name=":4" /> | + | <blockquote>धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचम् इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यम् अक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् । । ६.९२ । ।<ref name=":3" /></blockquote><blockquote>''dhr̥tiḥ kṣamā damo'steyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । dhīrvidyā satyaṁ akrodho daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam । । 6.92 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Steadiness (refers to a stable behaviour even in extreme situations), Forgiveness, Self-control, Abstention from unrighteous appropriation, Purity (internal and outwardly), Control of the Sense-organs, Discrimination (sat-asat-viveka), Knowledge (the art of using all knowledge in a beneficial way), Truthfulness, and Absence of anger (in thought, word and deed)— these are the ten-fold forms of duty.<ref name=":4" /> |
− | *Making Dharma an instrument for establishing a relation with the supreme reality and attaining the goals of life which may be individualistic as well as social in nature. Therefore, a feeling of family towards the entire humanity is essential. | + | *Making Dharma an instrument for establishing a relation with the supreme reality and attaining the goals of life which may be individualistic as well as social in nature. Therefore, a feeling of family towards the entire humanity is essential. Also, it is the practice of trivarga, that is keeping kama and artha within the boundaries of dharma facilitates moksha prapti. |
| Understanding the different facets of Dharma: | | Understanding the different facets of Dharma: |
| * Understanding [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|Abhyudaya]] (for which adherence to trivarga, that is, dharma, artha and kama is essential) and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nishreyasa]]. | | * Understanding [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|Abhyudaya]] (for which adherence to trivarga, that is, dharma, artha and kama is essential) and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nishreyasa]]. |
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| * Understanding dharma as Nyaya as well as law. For, it was seen that, | | * Understanding dharma as Nyaya as well as law. For, it was seen that, |
| <blockquote>न राज्यं न राजाऽसीन्न दण्डयो न च दाण्डिक: |</blockquote><blockquote>धर्मेणैव प्रजास्सर्वा रक्षन्ति स्म परस्परम् ||</blockquote><blockquote>''na rājyaṁ na rājā'sīnna daṇḍayo na ca dāṇḍika: |''</blockquote><blockquote>''dharmeṇaiva prajāssarvā rakṣanti sma parasparam ||''</blockquote> | | <blockquote>न राज्यं न राजाऽसीन्न दण्डयो न च दाण्डिक: |</blockquote><blockquote>धर्मेणैव प्रजास्सर्वा रक्षन्ति स्म परस्परम् ||</blockquote><blockquote>''na rājyaṁ na rājā'sīnna daṇḍayo na ca dāṇḍika: |''</blockquote><blockquote>''dharmeṇaiva prajāssarvā rakṣanti sma parasparam ||''</blockquote> |
− | * Understanding the provision of Apaddharma. That is, the freedom to act different from the prescribed code of conduct during exigencies keeping the place and time in mind | + | * Understanding the provision of Apaddharma. That is, the freedom to act different from the prescribed code of conduct during exigencies keeping the place and time in mind. |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| !Age group | | !Age group |