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==== Gautama Nyaya Sutras 7 and 8 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutras 7 and 8 ====

<blockquote>आप्तोपदेशः शब्दः।।७।।{शब्दलक्षणम्}</blockquote><blockquote>सः द्विविधः दृष्टादृष्टार्थत्वात्।।८।।{शब्दभेदः} <ref name=":4" /></blockquote>The communication made by a reliable person is Shabda (word). The said word is of two kinds - Drsthartha, where  the thing spoken of is perceived (drstha) here and the Adrsthartha, where the thing spoken of is not perceived (adrshta). (Page 49 and 50 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)  

<blockquote>आप्तोपदेशः शब्दः।।७।।{शब्दलक्षणम्}</blockquote><blockquote>सः द्विविधः दृष्टादृष्टार्थत्वात्।।८।।{शब्दभेदः} (Nyay. Sutr. 1.1.7 and 8) <ref name=":4" /></blockquote>The communication made by a reliable person is Shabda (word). The said word is of two kinds - Drsthartha, where  the thing spoken of is perceived (drstha) here and the Adrsthartha, where the thing spoken of is not perceived (adrshta). (Page 49 and 50 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)  

==== Vatsyayana Bhashyam ====

==== Vatsyayana Bhashyam ====

<blockquote>अाप्तः खलु साक्षात्कृतधर्मा यथादृष्टस्यार्थस्य चिख्यापयिषया प्रयुक्त उपदेष्टा । साक्षात्करणमर्थस्य आप्तिः, तया प्रवर्त्तत इत्याप्तः । ऋष्यार्य्यम्लेच्छानां समानं लक्षणम् । (Page 70 of Reference <ref name=":5" />)</blockquote>Meaning : That person is called 'Apta' , 'reliable' who possesses the direct (साक्षात्) and right knowledge of things. He is moved by a desire to express the thing exactly according to his knowledge and is fully capable of speaking it. Apta can be rshis, aryas and mlecchas. (Page 50 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)<blockquote>यस्यामुत्र प्रतीयते, सोऽदृष्टार्थः । एवमृषि लौकिकवाक्यानां विभाग इति । (Page 71 of Reference <ref name=":5" />)</blockquote>Where the thing spoken of is only believed to exist elsewhere is Adrstha and cannot be perceived here. This way the words and sentences given by rshis and ordinary men are differentiated. (Page 50 and 51 of Reference <ref name=":6" />).

<blockquote>अाप्तः खलु साक्षात्कृतधर्मा यथादृष्टस्यार्थस्य चिख्यापयिषया प्रयुक्त उपदेष्टा । साक्षात्करणमर्थस्य आप्तिः, तया प्रवर्त्तत इत्याप्तः । ऋष्यार्य्यम्लेच्छानां समानं लक्षणम् । (Page 70 of Reference <ref name=":5" />)</blockquote>Meaning : That person is called 'Apta', 'reliable' who possesses the direct (साक्षात्) and right knowledge of things. He is moved by a desire to express the thing exactly according to his knowledge and is fully capable of speaking it. Apta can be rshis, aryas and mlecchas. (Page 50 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)<blockquote>यस्यामुत्र प्रतीयते, सोऽदृष्टार्थः । एवमृषि लौकिकवाक्यानां विभाग इति । (Page 71 of Reference <ref name=":5" />)</blockquote>Where the thing spoken of is only believed to exist elsewhere is Adrstha and cannot be perceived here. This way the words and sentences given by rshis and ordinary men are differentiated. (Page 50 and 51 of Reference <ref name=":6" />).

==== Yoga darshana ====

==== Yoga darshana ====