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# Bhikshadana (भिक्षादानम् | Giving alms)

# Bhikshadana (भिक्षादानम् | Giving alms)

# Atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | Taking care of guests)

# Atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | Taking care of guests)

are the two most important components of Nru Yajna. Even there, atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | taking care of guests) takes precedence.<blockquote>कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kr̥tvaitadbalikarmaivaṁ atithiṁ pūrvaṁ āśayet । bhikṣāṁ ca bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahmacāriṇe । । 3.94 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: After having performed the Bali offering ([[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta Yajna]]), one should first honour guests and then give alms to an ascetic and a student according to the prescribed rules.<ref name=":2" />

are the two most important components of Nru Yajna.  

 

Amongst atithi satkara and bhikshana, atithi satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः | taking care of guests) takes precedence.<blockquote>कृत्वैतद्बलिकर्मैवं अतिथिं पूर्वं आशयेत् । भिक्षां च भिक्षवे दद्याद्विधिवद्ब्रह्मचारिणे । । ३.९४ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kr̥tvaitadbalikarmaivaṁ atithiṁ pūrvaṁ āśayet । bhikṣāṁ ca bhikṣave dadyādvidhivadbrahmacāriṇe । । 3.94 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: After having performed the Bali offering ([[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta Yajna]]), one should first honour guests and then give alms to an ascetic and a student according to the prescribed rules.<ref name=":2" />

It is said that,<blockquote>विद्यातपःसमृद्धेषु हुतं विप्रमुखाग्निषु । निस्तारयति दुर्गाच्च महतश्चैव किल्बिषात् । । ३.९८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vidyātapaḥsamr̥ddheṣu hutaṁ vipramukhāgniṣu । nistārayati durgācca mahataścaiva kilbiṣāt । । 3.98 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: An offering of food given to the fire in the form a Brahmana's mouth (vipra mukhagni), who is endowed with learning and austerities, saves one from great difficulties and sin.<ref name=":2" />

It is said that,<blockquote>विद्यातपःसमृद्धेषु हुतं विप्रमुखाग्निषु । निस्तारयति दुर्गाच्च महतश्चैव किल्बिषात् । । ३.९८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vidyātapaḥsamr̥ddheṣu hutaṁ vipramukhāgniṣu । nistārayati durgācca mahataścaiva kilbiṣāt । । 3.98 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: An offering of food given to the fire in the form a Brahmana's mouth (vipra mukhagni), who is endowed with learning and austerities, saves one from great difficulties and sin.<ref name=":2" />

==== आतिथ्याधिकारी ॥ Who is a guest ? ====

==== आतिथ्याधिकारी ॥ Who is a guest ? ====

* A Brahmana who stays one night only is declared to be a guest (atithi). Because he stays (sthita) not long (anitya), he is called atithi (a guest).<ref name=":1" />

* A Brahmana who stays one night only is declared to be a guest (atithi). Because he doesn't stay long (anitya), he is called atithi (a guest).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः । अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते । । ३.१०२ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>ekarātraṁ tu nivasannatithirbrāhmaṇaḥ smr̥taḥ । anityaṁ hi sthito yasmāttasmādatithirucyate । । 3.102 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः । अनित्यं हि स्थितो यस्मात्तस्मादतिथिरुच्यते । । ३.१०२ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>ekarātraṁ tu nivasannatithirbrāhmaṇaḥ smr̥taḥ । anityaṁ hi sthito yasmāttasmādatithirucyate । । 3.102 । ।</blockquote>

* A Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, personal friend, relative or a teacher who comes to the house of a Brahmana is not called as guest (atithi). However, if a Kshatriya comes to the house of a Brahmana in the manner of a guest, the house-holder may feed him according to his desire, after the above-mentioned Brahmanas (guests) have eaten.<ref name=":2" />Even to others, personal friends and so forth, who have come to visit out of affection, one may give food, garnished (with seasoning) according to one's ability, at the same time that the family dine together. (Manu 3.110, 111, 113)<ref name=":1" />

* A Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, personal friend, relative or a teacher who comes to the house of a Brahmana is not called as guest (atithi). However, if a Kshatriya comes to the house of a Brahmana in the manner of a guest, the house-holder may feed him according to his desire, after the above-mentioned Brahmanas (guests) have eaten.<ref name=":2" />Even to others, personal friends and so forth, who have come to visit out of affection, one may give food, garnished (with seasoning) according to one's ability, at the same time that the family dine together. (Manu 3.110, 111, 113)<ref name=":1" />

* If a guest arrives after the Vaishvadeva offering has been finished, the householder must make food and give him and not from the Bali offering.<ref name=":2" />

* If a guest arrives after the Vaishvadeva offering has been finished, the householder must make food and give him and not from the Bali offering.<ref name=":2" />

<blockquote>वैश्वदेवे तु निर्वृत्ते यद्यन्योऽतिथिराव्रजेत् । तस्याप्यन्नं यथाशक्ति प्रदद्यान्न बलिं हरेत् । । ३.१०८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vaiśvadeve tu nirvr̥tte yadyanyo'tithirāvrajet । tasyāpyannaṁ yathāśakti pradadyānna baliṁ haret । । 3.108 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>वैश्वदेवे तु निर्वृत्ते यद्यन्योऽतिथिराव्रजेत् । तस्याप्यन्नं यथाशक्ति प्रदद्यान्न बलिं हरेत् । । ३.१०८ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vaiśvadeve tu nirvr̥tte yadyanyo'tithirāvrajet । tasyāpyannaṁ yathāśakti pradadyānna baliṁ haret । । 3.108 । ।</blockquote>

* Without hesitation one may give food, even before his guests, to the following persons, viz. to newly-married women, to infants, to the sick and to pregnant women. Infact, the foolish man who eats first without having given food to these (persons), while he crams himself, does not know that (after death) he himself will be devoured by dogs and vultures. <ref name=":1" />

* Without hesitation one may give food, even before his guests, to the following persons, viz. to newly-married women, to infants, to the sick and to pregnant women. In fact, the foolish man who eats first without having given food to these (persons), while he crams himself, does not know that (after death) he himself will be devoured by dogs and vultures. <ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>सुवासिनीः कुमारीश्च रोगिणो गर्भिणीः स्त्रियः । अतिथिभ्योऽग्र एवैतान्भोजयेदविचारयन् । । ३.११४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अदत्त्वा तु य एतेभ्यः पूर्वं भुङ्क्तेऽविचक्षणः । स भुञ्जानो न जानाति श्वगृध्रैर्जग्धिं आत्मनः । । ३.११५ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>suvāsinīḥ kumārīśca rogiṇo garbhiṇīḥ striyaḥ । atithibhyo'gra evaitānbhojayedavicārayan । । 3.114 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>adattvā tu ya etebhyaḥ pūrvaṁ bhuṅkte'vicakṣaṇaḥ । sa bhuñjāno na jānāti śvagr̥dhrairjagdhiṁ ātmanaḥ । । 3.115 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>सुवासिनीः कुमारीश्च रोगिणो गर्भिणीः स्त्रियः । अतिथिभ्योऽग्र एवैतान्भोजयेदविचारयन् । । ३.११४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अदत्त्वा तु य एतेभ्यः पूर्वं भुङ्क्तेऽविचक्षणः । स भुञ्जानो न जानाति श्वगृध्रैर्जग्धिं आत्मनः । । ३.११५ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>suvāsinīḥ kumārīśca rogiṇo garbhiṇīḥ striyaḥ । atithibhyo'gra evaitānbhojayedavicārayan । । 3.114 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>adattvā tu ya etebhyaḥ pūrvaṁ bhuṅkte'vicakṣaṇaḥ । sa bhuñjāno na jānāti śvagr̥dhrairjagdhiṁ ātmanaḥ । । 3.115 । ।</blockquote>

* After venerable people, family, and the servants have dined, the householder and his wife may afterwards eat what remains.<ref name=":1" />

* After venerable people, family, and the servants have dined, the householder and his wife may afterwards eat what remains.<ref name=":1" />