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Gunas in Nyaya Shastra (न्यायशास्त्रानुसारेण गुणनिरुपणम्) (view source)
Revision as of 16:57, 4 June 2025
, 4 Juneno edit summary
== Classification ==
== Classification ==
In nyāyaśāstra, these guṇas are said to be twenty-four in number. Tarkasaṃgraha, one of the elementary texts of nyāyaśāstra, states:
रुपरसगन्धस्पर्शसङ्ख्यापरिमाणपृथक्त्वसंयोगविभागपरत्वापरत्वगुरुत्वद्रवत्वस्नेहशब्दबुद्धिसुखदुःखेच्छाद्वेषप्रयत्नधर्माधर्मसंस्काराश्चतुर्विंशति गुणाः
ruparasagandhasparśasaṃkhyāparimāṇapṛthaktvasaṃyogavibhāgaparatvāparatvagurutvadravatvasnehaśabdabuddhisukhaduḥkhecchādveṣaprayatnadharmādharmasaṃskārāścaturviṃśati guṇāḥ.
i.e. rupa (colour) rasa (taste), gandha (odour), sparsha (touch), samkhya (number), parimaanam (Measurment), prithaktva (seperateness), samyoga (conjunction), vibhaga (disjunction), paratva (greatness) aparatva (littleness) Gurutva (Heaviness) dravatva (fluidity), sneha (viscidity), shabda (sound), buddhi (knowledge), sukha (pleasure), dukha (pain), ichcha (desire), devsha (aversion), prayatna (effort), dharma (merit), adharma (demerit) and samskara (impression) are twenty-four qualities or gunas.
=== Rupa (Colour) ===
Rupa or colour is first among gunas. The guna, which is exclusively apprehended by chakshurindriya or eye, is rupa. It is further classified into seven categories - shukla (white), neela (blue), peeta (yellow), rakta (red), harita (green), kapeesha (tawny) and chitra (variegated).
The Rupam resides on three dravyas - prithvi (earth), jalam (water), tejas (fire).
{| class="wikitable"
|+Dravyas and Types of Rupa present in them
!Dravya
!Pruthvi
!Jalam
!Tejas
|-
|Types of Rupa (colour) present
|All seven colours
|Abhaasvarshukla
(Non-brilliant white)
|Bhaasvarahukla
(Brilliant white)
|}
=== Rasa (Taste) ===
Rasa or taste is a guna which is apprehended by rasanendriya, which is present on tip of tongue. It is further categorized into six distinct classifications. They are - madhura (sweet, as in sugar), aamla(sour, as in lemon), lavana (salty), katu (pungent, as in chilli), kashaya (astringent, as in āṃvalā), tikta (bitter, as in bittergourd).
{| class="wikitable"
|+Dravyas and Types of Rasa present in them
!Dravya
!Pruthvi
!Jalam
|-
|Types of Rasa (taste) present
|All six tastes
|Madhura
(sweet)
|}
=== Gandha (Odour) ===
Gandha or odour is a guṇa which is perceived by the ghranendriya. It is of two types - fragrant and non-fragrant. Both types are exclusively identified as the quality of earth.
=== Sparsha (Touch) ===
Sparsha or touch is a guna which is exclusively apprehended by tvagindriya, which is present all over the body. It is of three types, viz. Cold (sheeta), hot (ushna) and temperate (anushnashita). It is present in earth, water, fire and air.
== Categorization ==
== Categorization ==
== References ==
== References ==