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Line 25: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − रागपक्त्योजस्तेजोमेधोष्मकृत् पित्तं (Sush.Sutr.15.4)+ + + + + + + + + + + + + − # दर्शनं - Vision+ − # पक्ति - Digestion+ − # रूष्मा/ Ushma - heat+ − # क्षुत्तृ - hunger − # त्तृष्णा -thirst − # देहमार्दव - Soft skin − # प्रभा - lusture − # प्रसाद - cheerfulness − # मेधा - intelligence − # Dhee - power of understanding − # Shaurya - Courage − # Krodha - anger − # Prakrut Varna - clear/ normal complexion − − − (Asht. hrud.sutr.12.12-14) (Sush.sutr. 21.10) (Sush.sutr.15.4) − + − + − + − + − + Line 75:
Line 74: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − − === Factors affecting pitta dosha === − (Sush.sutr.21.20) (Asht.hrud.sutr.1.8) (Asht.hrud.sutr.12.21) (Asht.hrud.nida.1.16) − + + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − − (Asht.hrud.sutr.11.7) (Asht.hrud.sutr.19.5) Line 152:
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Line 219: − + − (Char.sutr.20.15)+ − − The vitiated pitta even if it is not manifested completely must be diagnosed as Pitta dosha disease and managed as same. even though the symptoms of pitta imbalance vary from the organ afflicted there are certain features for the gross diagnosis, − − # Burning sensation all over body − # feeling of warmth/ heat − # Excessive perspiration − # Increases moisture − # Pain − # Itching − # Excess of bodily discharge − # Redness − # Bad odor − # Change of color to greenish-yellowish, blue, and coppery − − == Basic aspects of management of vitiated Pitta dosha == − − − − +
Pitta dosha (पित्तम् पित्तदोषः वा) (view source)
Revision as of 16:34, 21 March 2023
, 16:34, 21 March 2023Editing content, adding references and hyperlinks
# Sparshanendriya (स्पर्शनेन्द्रियम्) - Twak or skin is the seat of type of pitta known as Bhrajaka Pitta and is responsible for the maintenance of body temperature, provides luster to the skin, and helps in the sensation of touch.
# Sparshanendriya (स्पर्शनेन्द्रियम्) - Twak or skin is the seat of type of pitta known as Bhrajaka Pitta and is responsible for the maintenance of body temperature, provides luster to the skin, and helps in the sensation of touch.
== Gunas/ Attributes ==
== पित्तगुणाः॥ Attributes ==
(Char.sutr.1.60) (Asht.hrud.sutr.1.11) (Sush.sutr.42.7)
Pitta dosha has a set of peculiar properties known as [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|Gunas]] in Ayurveda, that makes it able to perform certain functions in the body. Following are the properties of pitta described by Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhata in their treatises, <ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 60)</ref><ref name=":1">Ashtanga Hrudaya (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 11)</ref> <ref name=":2">Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 42 Sutra 7)</ref>
# Sasneha - slightly Unctousness or oiliness
# सस्नेहम् । Sasneha - slightly Unctousness or oiliness
# Tikshna - Teekshna means the Sharpness or the penetrating property of pitta dosha
# तीक्ष्णम् । Tikshna - Teekshna means the Sharpness or the penetrating property of pitta dosha
# Ushna -Ushna or Hot or to generate heat. The maintenance of body temperature which is one of the functions of Pitta dosha is because of this quality.
# उष्णम् । Ushna -Ushna or Hot or to generate heat. The maintenance of body temperature which is one of the functions of Pitta dosha is because of this quality.
# Laghu -Laghu means Lightness that is present in Pitta dosha due to its origin in Teja Mahabhuta. This property is essential for a physician while prescribing treatment.
# लघुः । Laghu -Laghu means Lightness that is present in Pitta dosha due to its origin in Teja Mahabhuta. This property is essential for a physician while prescribing treatment.
# Vistra -pitta dosha in its natural form has a bad Odour.
# विस्रम् । Vistra -pitta dosha in its natural form has a bad Odour.
# Sara - Sara means mobility, the property which is unstable in nature and has the capacity to put things in motion.
# सरम्। Sara - Sara means mobility, the property which is unstable in nature and has the capacity to put things in motion.
# Drava- Drava means Fluidity or liquidity which explains the form of pitta dosha.
# द्रवम् । Drava- Drava means Fluidity or liquidity which explains the form of pitta dosha.
# Peeta - Peeta means Yellow, here it directly implies to the color it has, which provides other entities which it comes in contact with.
# पीतम् । Peeta - Peeta means Yellow, here it directly implies to the color it has, which provides other entities which it comes in contact with.
# Vishada -Vishada means cleansing property that is related to the Agni mahabhuta. This property stated the cleansing nature of pitta dosha.
# विषदम् । Vishada -Vishada means cleansing property that is related to the Agni mahabhuta. This property stated the cleansing nature of pitta dosha.
The Gunas or the properties of doshas are important for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. The dravyas or the drugs that have properties opposite to the pitta dosha are used for pacifying it and the properties similar to that of pitta dosha cause vitiation.
The Gunas or the properties of doshas are important for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of [[Roga (रोगः)|rogas (रोगाः। diseases)]]. The dravyas or the drugs that have properties opposite to the pitta dosha are used for pacifying it and the properties similar to that of pitta dosha cause vitiation.
== Functions ==
== पित्तदोषस्यकार्यम्॥ Functions ==
(Char.sutr.18.50) (Char.sutr.12.11) (Asht.Hrud.sutr.11.2,3) (Sush.Sutr.15.4)
Functions of Pitta dosha in body are multidimensional. Various types of pitta located at various parts of the body perform specific functions as below,<ref name=":3">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 18 Sutra 50)</ref><ref name=":4">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 12 Sutra 11)</ref><ref name=":5">Ashtanga Hrudaya (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutra 2-3)</ref><ref name=":6">Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 15 Sutra 4)</ref>
# दर्शनं । - Vision
# पक्ति । Pakti - Digestion
# ऊष्मा | Ushma - heat
# क्षुत्| Kshut - hunger
# त्तृष्णा| Trushna -thirst
# देहमार्दव| Dehamardavam - Soft skin
# प्रभा | Prabha - lusture
# प्रसाद| Prasada - cheerfulness
# मेधा॥ Medha - intelligence
# धीः। Dhee - power of understanding
# शौर्यम्। Shaurya - Courage
# क्रोधम्। Krodha - anger
# प्राकृतवर्णम् । Prakrut Varna - clear/ normal complexion
== पित्तभेदाः ॥ Types ==
Although Pitta dosha is only a single entity in the whole body, on the basis of its distribution and specific function, the pitta in certain sites has been named differently and these are known as the types of Pitta. There are 5 such types of Pitta and those are described briefly in the table below,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
== Types ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Sr.No
|Sr.No
|Pitta
|Pitta (पित्तभेदाः)
|Sthan
|Sthan (स्थानम्)
|Kriya
|्Karyam (कार्यम्)
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Pachaka
|Pachaka (पाचकम्)
|Pakva-Amashay Madhya
|Pakva-Amashay Madhya (In the gut Between Pakwashaya i.e. large intestine and Amashaya i.e. stomach)
|Digestion
|Digestion
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Ranjaka
|Ranjaka (रंजकम्)
|Amashaya
|Amashaya (stomach)
|Imparts colour to body tissues
|Imparts colour to body tissues
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Sadhaka
|Sadhaka (साधकम्)
|Hriday, Mastishka
|[[Hrudaya (हृदयम्)|Hriday (हृदयम्)]]
|Intellectul power, memory, enthusiasm, self esteem,
|Intellectul power, memory, enthusiasm, self esteem,
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Alochaka
|Alochaka (आलोचकम्)
|Drishti (eyes)
|Drishti (दृष्टिः । eyes)
|Visual Perception
|Visual Perception
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Bhrajak
|Bhrajak (भ्राजकम्)
|Tvak (skin)
|Tvak (त्वक् । skin)
|Absorption of oils and etc over skin, provides lusture to skin, maintains body temperature, Skin complexion.
|Absorption of oils and etc over skin, provides lusture to skin, maintains body temperature, Skin complexion.
|}
|}
Precisely when these types of pitta and their functions are correlated with modern physiological components it can be said that, the Pachaka Pitta is responsible for digestion, the functions of Ranjaka Pitta can be compared with the hematopoiesis, sadhaka pitta controls emotions and behavior, alochaka pitta is responsible for the perception of the vision and Bhrajaka pitta is responsible for temperature regulation.
Precisely when these types of pitta and their functions are correlated with modern physiological components it can be said that, the Pachaka Pitta is responsible for digestion, the functions of Ranjaka Pitta can be compared with the hematopoiesis, sadhaka pitta controls emotions and behavior, alochaka pitta is responsible for the perception of the vision and Bhrajaka pitta is responsible for temperature regulation.
== Pittaja Prakriti ==
== पित्तजप्रकृतिलक्षणानि॥ Pittaja Prakriti ==
(Char.Vima.8.97)
Individuals who have dominant pitta dosha naturally in their body are said to be having pitta [[Prakrti in Ayurveda (प्रकृतिः)|prakrti (प्रकृतिः)]]. they ususally have some specific morphological features and physiological patterns owing to the dominant pitta in their body which is natural for them. The pitta prakriti people are usually as below,<ref name=":2" />
# उष्णमुखाः - the face is warm
# उष्णमुखाः| Ushnamukha - the face is warm
# सुकुमारावदातगात्राः - delicate body built
# सुकुमारावदातगात्राः| Sukumara-avadata gatra - delicate body built and fair in complexion
# प्रभूतविप्लुव्यङ्गतिलपिडकाः - has plenty of freckles, moles and pimples
# प्रभूतविप्लुव्यङ्गतिलपिडकाः | Prabhutapipluvyangatilpidaka - has plenty of freckles, moles and pimples
# क्षुत्पिपासावन्तः - excessive thirst and hunger
# क्षुत्पिपासावन्तः| kshutpipasavanta - have very good thirst and hunger
# क्षिप्रवलीपलितखालित्यदोषाः - early signs of wrinkles, greying of hair and hairfall
# क्षिप्रवलीपलितखालित्यदोषाः| kshipravalikhalityapalityadosha - early development of wrinkles, greying of hair and hairfall/baldness
# तैक्ष्ण्यात्तीक्ष्णपराक्रमाः - due to sharpness in guna(property) the individual is mostly courageous
# तैक्ष्ण्यात्तीक्ष्णपराक्रमाः| taikshnyat tikshnaparakrama - due to sharpness in guna(property) the individual is mostly courageous
# तीक्ष्णाग्नयः - high digestive fire
# तीक्ष्णाग्नयः - strong digestive fire/digestive power
# प्रभूताशनपानाः - high intake of food and water
# प्रभूताशनपानाः - the quantity of intake of food and water is high
# क्लेशासहिष्णवो - lack of endurance
# क्लेशासहिष्णवो - lack of tolerance towards discomfort
# द्रवत्वाच्छिथिलमृदुसन्धिमांसाः - loose muscles, joints
# द्रवत्वाच्छिथिलमृदुसन्धिमांसाः - loose and flacid muscles, joints
# प्रभूतसृष्टस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषाश्च - excessive sweating, urination and defecation
# प्रभूतसृष्टस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषाश्च - excessive sweating, urination and defecation
# विस्रत्वात्प्रभूतपूतिकक्षास्यशिरःशरीरगन्धाः - foul odour in armpits, and whole body
# विस्रत्वात्प्रभूतपूतिकक्षास्यशिरःशरीरगन्धाः - foul odour in armpits, and whole body due to visra property of pitta
# कट्वम्लत्वादल्पशुक्रव्यवायापत्याः - excess pungency and sourness, low semen and further less number of progeny
# कट्वम्लत्वादल्पशुक्रव्यवायापत्याः - excess pungency and sourness, low semen and further less number of progeny
# मध्यबला - moderate built and strength
# मध्यबला - moderate stamina and strength
# मध्यायुषो - moderate life span
# मध्यायुषो - moderate life span
# मध्यज्ञानविज्ञान - moderate knowledge and intelligence.
# मध्यज्ञानविज्ञान - moderate knowledge and intelligence.
== Pathological state of Pitta dosha ==
== पित्तदुष्टिहेतवः लक्षणानि च॥ Pathological state of Pitta dosha ==
There are certain factors that are responsible for the vitiation of Pitta dosha. Change in season, age and etc cannot be avoided, although external factors like diet and lifestyle can be controlled to avoid vitiation of pitta dosha in an individual. Any individual with dominant pitta dosha can avoid the below-mentioned external factors for a balanced state of dosha in the body.
=== पित्तदुष्तिहेतवः॥ Factors affecting pitta dosha ===
There are certain factors that are responsible for the vitiation and aggravation of Pitta dosha. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> Change in season, age and etc cannot be avoided, although external factors like diet and lifestyle can be controlled to avoid vitiation of pitta dosha in an individual. Any individual with dominant pitta dosha can avoid the below-mentioned external factors for a balanced state of pitta in the body.
==== Natural Factors ====
==== प्राकृतहेतवः॥ Natural Factors ====
# Season - Pitta dosha gets naturally accumulated in Varsha rutu (monsoon), undergoes the Prakopa stage (vitiation) in Sharada Rutu(autumn), and gets pacified in Hemanta rutu (early winter).
# Season - Pitta dosha gets naturally accumulated in Varsha rutu (वर्षा ऋतु। monsoon), undergoes the Prakopa stage (vitiation) in Sharada Rutu( शरद ऋतुः। autumn), and gets pacified in Hemanta rutu (हेमन्त ऋतुः। early winter).
# Age - Pitta dosha is dominant during middle age (appx 40-60 yrs)
# Age - Pitta dosha is dominant during middle age (appx 40-60 yrs)
# Circadian rhythm - Pitta gets vitiated during midday and night.
# Circadian rhythm - Pitta gets vitiated during midday and night.
# Stage of digestion - During “Jiryateanne‘ (mid-digestion) the pitta dosha is id dominant
# Stage of digestion - During “Jiryateanne‘ (जीर्यते॓॓न्ने । mid-digestion) the pitta dosha is dominant
==== External factors ====
==== आहारादिहेतवः॥ External factors ====
# Diet and lifestyle - Food that is dominant in Katu(pungent), Amla (sour), and lavana (salty) rasas(tastes) causes aggravation of the pitta dosha
# Diet and lifestyle - Food that is dominant in Katu (pungent), Amla (sour), and lavana (salty) rasas(tastes) causes aggravation of the pitta dosha
# Emotional - Krodha(anger), Shoka(grief) and Bhaya (fear) vitiate the pitta dosha and vice versa.
# Emotional - Krodha(anger), Shoka(grief) and Bhaya (fear) vitiate the pitta dosha and vice versa.
=== Pitta vriddhi Lakshana ===
=== पित्तवृद्धिलक्षणानि॥ Pitta vriddhi Lakshana ===
The Vitiation of Pitta dosha showcases certain signs and symptoms,
The Vitiation of Pitta dosha showcases certain signs and symptoms, <ref name=":5" />
# Increases hunger and thirst
# Increases hunger and thirst
# Loss of strength
# Loss of strength
=== Pitta Kshaya Lakshana ===
=== पित्तक्षयलक्षणानि॥ Pitta Kshaya Lakshana ===
There are certain signs and symptoms when there is decrease in the levels of pitta dosha in the body or the hypo functioning of the pitta dosha causes,
# Decreased digestive fire thus loss of appetite
# Decreased digestive strength thus loss of appetite
# Loss of skin luster
# Loss of skin luster
# Stiffness in the body
# Stiffness in the body
# White discoloration of nails and eyes
# White discoloration of nails and eyes
== Pittaja Nanatmaja Vikaras ==
=== पित्तदुष्टिलक्षणानि॥ Clinical diagnosis ===
(Char.sutr.20.14)
The vitiated pitta even if it is not manifested completely must be diagnosed as Pitta dosha disease and managed as same. even though the symptoms of pitta imbalance vary from the organ afflicted there are certain features for the gross diagnosis, <ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 20 Sutra 15)</ref>
# Burning sensation all over body
# feeling of warmth/ heat
# Excessive perspiration
# Increases moisture
# Pain
# Itching
# Excess of bodily discharge
# Redness
# Bad odor
# Change of color to greenish-yellowish, blue, and coppery
Pittaja Nanatmaja Vikaras are the forty types of diseases caused due to the imbalance of pitta dosha in the body.
== पित्तस्य नानात्मजविकाराः॥ Pittaja Nanatmaja Vikaras ==
Pittaja Nanatmaja Vikaras are the forty types of diseases caused due to the imbalance of pitta dosha in the body.<ref name=":6" />
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|ओष- heat
|ओष- heat
|}
|}
== Clinical diagnosis ==
== दुष्टपित्तचिकित्सा नियमाः॥ Basic aspects of management of vitiated Pitta dosha ==
[[Dravya (द्रव्यम्)|Dravyas (द्रव्याणि)]] which are predominantly in Madhura(मधुर । sweet), tikta(तिक्त। bitter) and kashaya(कषाय। Pungent) [[Rasa (रसः)|rasas]] (रसाः । taste precisely) which have Sheeta (शीत) guna or cooling property are used for the treatment of Pitta dosha diseases. Also, the Panchakarma therapies like [[Virechana (विरेचनम्)|Virechana]] (विरेचनम्। purgation), Snehana(administration of oil, ghee, etc), parisheka() and [[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga (अभ्रङ्गम्]]।massage) must be carried out with the drugs having the above said properties, with appropriate dosage and time of administration.
(Char.sutr.20.16)
Dravyas which are predominantly in Madhura(sweet), tikta(bitter) and kashaya(Pungent) rasas (taste precisely) which have Sheeta guna or cooling property are used for the treatment of Pitta dosha diseases. Also, the Panchakarma therapies like Virechana(purgation), Snehana(administration of oil, ghee, etc), parisheka() and Abhyanga(massage) must be carried out with the drugs having the above said properties, with appropriate dosage and time of administration.
Virechana or purgation is considered the best treatment for the treatment of Pitta dosha disorders or imbalance. Acharya Charaka explains this with the help of a metaphor, stating the Pitta dosha when pacified in the amashaya itself which is the seat of the pitta dosha the other organs afflicted with the Pitta get managed as well, similarly, the fire chamber cools down when the fire is extinguished.
Virechana or purgation is considered the best treatment for the treatment of Pitta dosha disorders or imbalance. [[Acharya Charaka (आचार्य चरकः)|Acharya Charak]]<nowiki/>a explains this with the help of a metaphor, stating the Pitta dosha when pacified in the amashaya itself which is the seat of the pitta dosha the other organs afflicted with the Pitta get managed as well, similarly, the fire chamber cools down when the fire is extinguished.
== References ==
== References ==