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== Relation  between  Janpadodhwamsa  (epidemics)  and Desha ==

== Relation  between  Janpadodhwamsa  (epidemics)  and Desha ==

In Janpadodhwamsa chapter, Desha is considered as one of the important environmental factor  responsible for the  causation  of  epidemic  diseases which  inflicts  the person having dissimilar constitution, food, body, strength, suitability, mind and age simultaneously.  Therefore when the place is  having normal features then epidemics do not occur but  the place when get polluted  by any means the epidemic diseases are occurred. When an epidemic disease breaks out in a region, it affects a large number of people in the community, who are not similar in all respects. Such diseases are very powerful; their mode of spread very quick and their source is common. Ancient scholars of Ayurveda recognized that such epidemics are due to use of contaminated air, water, land and season because these four factors are common to all in a community. The impact on health of incident in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan and Bhopal gas tragedy also in India is known to the entire world. People of these regions are still suffering from various genetic disorders.

In Janpadodhwamsa chapter, Desha is considered as one of the important environmental factor  responsible for the  causation  of  epidemic  diseases which  inflicts  the person having dissimilar constitution, food, body, strength, suitability, mind and age simultaneously.   

वैगुण्यमुपपन्नानां देशकालानिलाम्भसाम्|  

Since normal or abnormal status of Desha's properties is responsible for emergence of Epidemics, residents of that desha should responsibly look after the environmental factors in that desha and put efforts in preserving its normal status. When Desha gets contaminated/ polluted, environment is altered, large number of people residing in that Desha get affected by disease with simlar in nature although the people affected by them are not similar. Such diseases spread rapidly, cause epidemics and are very powerful. They cause significant mortality and morbidity because it is very difficult to change the Desha which is the root-cause of that disease. Some well known examples are, the impact on health of incident in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan and Bhopal gas tragedy in Indi. People of these regions are still suffering from various genetic disorders. <blockquote>वैगुण्यमुपपन्नानां देशकालानिलाम्भसाम्| गरीयस्त्वं विशेषेण हेतुमत् सम्प्रवक्ष्यते||९||  

गरीयस्त्वं विशेषेण हेतुमत् सम्प्रवक्ष्यते||९||

वाताज्जलं जलाद्देशं देशात् कालं स्वभावतः| विद्याद्दुष्परिहार्यत्वाद्गरीयस्तरमर्थवित् ^[१] ||१०||

वाताज्जलं जलाद्देशं देशात् कालं स्वभावतः|

वाय्वादिषु यथोक्तानां दोषाणां तु विशेषवित्| प्रतीकारस्य सौकर्ये विद्याल्लाघवलक्षणम्||११|| Cha vi 3</blockquote>Meaning: Contaminated desha (land), kala (season), vata (air), jala (water) are causes of Janapadodhwansa. Among these causative factors, there is a hierarchy that shows increasing level of unavoidability and difficulty in management. Thus, Jalam (water) is difficult  avoid than Vata (air), Desha is even more difficult to avoid that JAlam (water) and Kala (time/season/weather) is the most difficult thing to avoid above all these factors. Therefore vayu, jala, desha and kala are worse to handle in an ascending order. Those which are comparatively easier to handle or manage are considered as better ones in this order. Hence Desha is one of the difficult to manage causative factor as compared to air and water when it comes to epidemics management.

विद्याद्दुष्परिहार्यत्वाद्गरीयस्तरमर्थवित् ^[१] ||१०||

There are few examples in Classical Ayurveda texts where, acharyas describe how people residing in a particular desha have certain tendencies in their diet patterns  and how this makes them more prone to suffer from particular diseases that develop due to excess consumption of certain rasas. Example of desha of Eastern sides is given. Acharyas mention that people residing in eastern regions have excess consumption of ksharas (strong alkali dominant). Ksharas are said to be very harsh and penetrating in nature as well as aggravating Pitta and vitiating rakta dhatu. Thus soft tissues and organs like eyes , heart, reproductive tissues are predominantly affected. As a result they suffer from blindness, impotency, baldness, grey hair and heart disease in lage numbers as compared to people residing in other deshas. This could be the observation of acharyas in the period when the texts were written. Similarly one more such example is mentioned wherein excess salt intake by people residing in deshas like Balhika, Saurastrika, Saindhava and Sauviraka is mentioned. Excess lavana rasa is diet thus make these people more prone to develop health conditions like fatigue, lassitude and weakness.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 17-8)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Therefore Desha is considered as one of the important criteria in [[10 fold clinical examination in Ayurveda (दशविधपरीक्षा)|10 fold clinical examination]] in Ayurveda diagnosis. Because it helps physician understand the possible cause and plan treatment effectively.

 

In [[Kashyapa Samhita (काश्यप संहिता)|Kashyapa samhita]], [[Acharya Kashyapa (आचार्य काश्यपः)|Acharya Kashyapa]] has highlighted the importance of Desha in development of a disease known as Amlapitta (equivalent to Hyperacidity). He states that people living in Anupa desha often suffer from Amplapitta due to specific environment in this region. Therefore such condition should be treated with medicines growing in Jangala desha (having properties opposite to anupa desha). If this doesnt help, relocating to a different place remains the last measure of treatment. <ref>Tewari  P.V.  Kasyapa-Samhit a  or  Vrddhajivakiya  Tantra (Ka.Khi.16/44-46)  Text  with  English  translation  Chaukhambha Visvabharati Varanasi,  U.P., India 2002; 634</ref>

 

देशसात्म्येन च देशविपरीतगुणं सात्म्यं गृह्यते; यथा- आनूपे उष्णरूक्षादि, धन्वनि च शीतस्निग्धादि, ओकसात्म्यं तु उपयोक्तृग्रहणेन गृहीतम्|| Chakrapani Cha. vi. 1.22

The people of the eastern side and Chinese use excessively Kshara which produces injurious effect on hair, eyes, heart and virility. People of villages, towns, cities and countries, where this is used in excess, suffer from blindness, impotency, baldness, grey hair and heart disease characterized by sawing pain.30 The people of Balhika, Saurastrika, Saindhava and Sauviraka Desha are in habit of

excessive use of lavana which it produces fatigue, lassitude and weakness in the body. People of villages, towns, cities and countries, where it is used in excess people suffer various health problems. So all these aspect important to understand the cause of disorders according to the Desha in the individual.31This is a unique contribution of Kasyapa Samhita about the treatment of Amlapitta according to Desha. In human beings, this disease (Amlapitta) often develops in Anupa Desha (marshy place) that is why it should be treated with the medicine growing in Jangala Desha (arid zone). If it does not get pacified with this, the person should go to other place, because a particular Desha (region) is known as good where people live with disease free State.32 The diseases are also categorised on the basis of Desha and Disha. In Madhava Nidana it is stated that the Shlipada (filariasis) occurs specially in those places, where there is always a collection of stagnating water and dampness round the year. These types of places are termed as Anupa Desha (marshy place) and the peoples residing in these places are more prone for filariasis.33 Raktapitta (bleeding disorder) as Urdhwa, Adhoga and Tiryaka due to direction of bleeding from the body.  

At the same time, eating local is on popular trending diet idea which coincides or shares common concept with Deshasatmya.  

Collection of herb from type of desha

==== Collection of herb from type of desha ====

तत्र देशे साधारणे जाङ्गले वा यथाकालं शिशिरातपपवनसलिलसेविते समे शुचौ प्रदक्षिणोदके श्मशान-चैत्य-देवयजनागार-सभा-श्वभ्राराम-वल्मीकोषरविरहिते कुशरोहिषास्तीर्णे स्निग्धकृष्णमधुरमृत्तिके सुवर्णवर्णमधुरमृत्तिके वा मृदावफालकृष्टेऽनुपहतेऽन्यैर्बलवत्तरैर्द्रुमैरौषधानि जातानि प्रशस्यन्ते||९|| Cha ka 1. 9

तत्र देशे साधारणे जाङ्गले वा यथाकालं शिशिरातपपवनसलिलसेविते समे शुचौ प्रदक्षिणोदके श्मशान-चैत्य-देवयजनागार-सभा-श्वभ्राराम-वल्मीकोषरविरहिते कुशरोहिषास्तीर्णे स्निग्धकृष्णमधुरमृत्तिके सुवर्णवर्णमधुरमृत्तिके वा मृदावफालकृष्टेऽनुपहतेऽन्यैर्बलवत्तरैर्द्रुमैरौषधानि जातानि प्रशस्यन्ते||९|| Cha ka 1. 9

देशसात्म्येन च देशविपरीतगुणं सात्म्यं गृह्यते; यथा- आनूपे उष्णरूक्षादि, धन्वनि च शीतस्निग्धादि, ओकसात्म्यं तु उपयोक्तृग्रहणेन गृहीतम्|| Chakrapani Cha. vi. 1.22

The ideal region for collection of herbs is said to be sadharana desha or janagla desha.

 

In that herbs growing on land as described below are desirable and said to be effective.  

== Desha and the principles of management of disease ==

== Desha and the principles of management of disease ==