1,214
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 4:
Line 4: − + Line 42:
Line 42: − + + + Line 63:
Line 65: − (Reference from Mahabharata+ − − वैधोपवासे भोजनचतुष्टयनिवृत्तिमाह महाभारते । − − “सायमाद्यन्तयोरह्नोः सायं प्रातश्च मध्यमे । − − उपवासफलं प्रेप्सोर्वर्ज्यं भक्तचतुष्टयम्” ॥) ? − − Line 83:
Line 77: − + + + − + − + − + Line 121:
Line 117: − + Line 147:
Line 143: − + Line 160:
Line 156: − + − + Line 169:
Line 165: − + Line 181:
Line 177: − − (उपवासासामर्थ्ये प्रतिनिधिः । '''स्कन्दपुराणम्''' ॥ − − “पुत्त्रं वा विनयोपेतं भगिनीं भ्रातरं तथा । − − एषामभाव एवान्यं ब्राह्मणं विनियोजयेत्” । इति । − − “भार्य्या भर्तृव्रतं कुर्य्यात् भार्य्यायाश्च पतिस्तथा । − − असामर्थ्ये द्वयोस्ताभ्यां व्रतभङ्गो न जायते” ॥ − − इति '''गरुडपुराणम्''' ॥ तदनुकल्पः । − − “नक्तं हविष्यान्नमनोदनञ्च − − फलं तिलाः क्षीरमथाम्बु चाज्यम् । − − यत्पञ्चगव्यं यदि वाथ वायुः − − प्रशस्तमत्रोत्तरमुत्तरञ्च” ॥ − − इति '''वायुपुराणम्''' ॥) ? − Ref: https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8 − − (“अष्टौ तान्यव्रतघ्नानि आपो मूलं फलं पयः । − − हविर्ब्राह्मणकाम्या च गुरोर्वचनमौषधम्” ॥ − − इति बौधायनः ॥) ? −
Upavasa or Fasting (उपवासः) (view source)
Revision as of 16:46, 10 October 2022
, 16:46, 10 October 2022no edit summary
== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
उपवासः, पुं, (उप + वस + घञ् ।) अग्न्याधानम् ।
उपवासः, पुं, (उप + वस + घञ् ।) अग्न्याधानम् । agnyAdhAna placingthefireonthesacrificialfire-place
इति मलमासतत्त्वम् । अहोरात्रभोजनाभावः । (Shabdakalpadruma pg 1/260)
इति मलमासतत्त्वम् । अहोरात्रभोजनाभावः । (Shabdakalpadruma pg 1/260)
<nowiki>https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82</nowiki>)
<nowiki>https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82</nowiki>)
उपावृत्तस्य पापेभ्यो यस्तु वासो गुणैः सह ॥१७५.००५ उपवासः स विज्ञेयः सर्वभोगविवर्जितः ।१७५.००६<ref name=":5" /> अस्यार्थः । उपावृत्तस्य निवृत्तस्य । पापेभ्यः पापकर्म्मभ्यः । गुणाः । सर्व्वभूतेषु दया क्षान्तिः अनसूया शौचं अनायासः मङ्गलं अकार्पण्यं अस्पृहाच । सर्व्वभोगविवर्ज्जितः शास्त्राननुमतनृत्यगीतादिसुखरहितः ।
उपावृत्तस्य पापेभ्यो यस्तु वासो गुणैः सह ॥१७५.००५ उपवासः स विज्ञेयः सर्वभोगविवर्जितः ।१७५.००६<ref name=":5" />
commentary- अस्यार्थः । उपावृत्तस्य निवृत्तस्य । पापेभ्यः पापकर्म्मभ्यः । गुणाः । सर्व्वभूतेषु दया क्षान्तिः अनसूया शौचं अनायासः मङ्गलं अकार्पण्यं अस्पृहाच । सर्व्वभोगविवर्ज्जितः शास्त्राननुमतनृत्यगीतादिसुखरहितः ।
Upavasa is related to not just physical but also the psychological and spiritual aspects of one’s life. The deeper understanding of the term upavasa along with and even beyond its physical dimension has been described by Acharya Chakrapani as follows,
Upavasa is related to not just physical but also the psychological and spiritual aspects of one’s life. The deeper understanding of the term upavasa along with and even beyond its physical dimension has been described by Acharya Chakrapani as follows,
== For how long the food should not be taken in Upavasa? ==
== For how long the food should not be taken in Upavasa? ==
In a discussion about Vrata, Tapa, Upavasa, brahmacharya and Atithiseva, Bhishma says in Mahabharata Shanti Parva that commoners fast for 15 days of the month and consider it an act of tapas. But that infact is an act of exploiting the body which actually a medium of dharmik activities.
In a discussion about Vrata, Tapa, Upavasa, brahmacharya and Atithiseva, Bhishma says in Mahabharata Shanti Parva that commoners fast for 15 days of the month and consider it an act of tapas. But that infact is an act of exploiting the body which actually a medium of dharmik activities.
मासपक्षोपवासेन मन्यन्ते यत् तपो जनाः । आत्मतन्त्रोपघातस्तु न तपस्तत्सतां मतम् ॥ २२१.४ ॥
मासपक्षोपवासेन मन्यन्ते यत् तपो जनाः । आत्मतन्त्रोपघातस्तु न तपस्तत्सतां मतम् ॥ २२१.४ ॥
== What to be taken and what should not be taken during Upavasa ==
== What to be taken and what should not be taken during Upavasa ==
=== उपवासदिने वर्ज्जनीयानि । ===
=== उपवासदिने वर्ज्जनीयानि । ===
A few forbidden things during the day of Upavasa as enlisted in the Shabdakalpadruma are as follows:
A few forbidden things during the day of Upavasa as enlisted i
n the Shabdakalpadruma are as follows:
# अञ्जनम् । Collyrium
# अञ्जनम् । Collyrium
# रोचनम् । (?)
# रोचनम् । (?) ? onion
# गन्धः । Perfume
# गन्धः । Perfume
# पुष्पम् । Flower
# पुष्पम् । Flower
# माल्यम् । Garland
# माल्यम् । Garland
# अलङ्कारः । Ornament
# अलङ्कारः । Ornament
# दन्तधावनम् । Cleaing the teeth
# दन्तधावनम् । Cleaning the teeth
# गात्राभ्यङ्गः । Massaging the body
# गात्राभ्यङ्गः । Massaging the body
# शिरोभ्यङ्गः । Head massage
# शिरोभ्यङ्गः । Head massage
पुष्पालङ्कारवस्त्राणि धूपगन्धानुलेपनम् । उपवासेन दुष्येत्तु दन्तधावनमञ्जनम् ॥ १,१२८.६ ॥<ref name=":4">Garuda Purana, Achara Kanda, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE Adhyaya 128]</ref>
पुष्पालङ्कारवस्त्राणि धूपगन्धानुलेपनम् । उपवासेन दुष्येत्तु दन्तधावनमञ्जनम् ॥ १,१२८.६ ॥<ref name=":4">Garuda Purana, Achara Kanda, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE Adhyaya 128]</ref>
The Agni Purana further adds to the list stating,
The Agni Purana further adds to the list stating, (previous day and same day)
कांस्यं मांसं मसूरञ्च चणकं कोरदूषकं ॥१७५.००६
कांस्यं मांसं मसूरञ्च चणकं कोरदूषकं ॥१७५.००६
# वितथभाषणम् । Engaging in futile conversations
# वितथभाषणम् । Engaging in futile conversations
# व्यायामः । Exercising
# व्यायामः । Exercising
# व्यवायः (?)
# व्यवायः physical intercourse
# दिवास्वापः । Sleeping during the day
# दिवास्वापः । Sleeping during the day
# अञ्जनम् । Applying collyrium
# अञ्जनम् । Applying collyrium
# परान्नम् । Consuming other's food
# परान्नम् । Consuming other's food
# तैलम् । Consuming oil
# तैलम् । Consuming oil
# चणकम् । Consuimg bengal gram (chik-pea)
# चणकम् । Consuming Bengal gram (chik-pea)
# कोरदूषकम् । (?)
# कोरदूषकम् । (kind of a grain??)
# शाकम् । Vegetables
# शाकम् । Vegetables
# अधिकधृतम् । Over preserved things (?)
# अधिकधृतम् । Over preserved things (?)
... असकृज्जलपानाच्च ताम्बूलस्य च भक्षणात् ॥ १,१२८.७ ॥ उपवासः प्रदुष्येत दिवास्वप्ना क्षमैथुनात् ।...<ref name=":4" />
... असकृज्जलपानाच्च ताम्बूलस्य च भक्षणात् ॥ १,१२८.७ ॥ उपवासः प्रदुष्येत दिवास्वप्ना क्षमैथुनात् ।...<ref name=":4" />
== Alternatives to compensate the inability to do upavasa ==
== Alternatives to compensate the inability to do Upavasa ==
In Skanda Purana, having heard about the greatness of Kartika Vrata from Brahma, Narada enquires as to what can be done incase one lacks the capacity to perform the Vrata. It is then revealed by Brahma that the merits of the Vrata may also be attained through certain other means like providing monetary help to a Brahmana or by getting his disciple, servants, women or any worthy person to perform the Vrata on his behalf.<ref name=":1">The Skanda Purana ([https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Skanda-Purana-Part-6.pdf Part 4]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.</ref>
In Skanda Purana, having heard about the greatness of Kartika Vrata from Brahma, Narada enquires as to what can be done incase one lacks the capacity to perform the Vrata. It is then revealed by Brahma that the merits of the Vrata may also be attained through certain other means like providing monetary help to a Brahmana or by getting his disciple, servants, women or any worthy person to perform the Vrata on his behalf.<ref name=":1">The Skanda Purana ([https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Skanda-Purana-Part-6.pdf Part 4]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.</ref>
Meaning: If anyone is unable to perform fasting, one should serve food to a brahmana, besides giving him the money which should suffice for him to take food twice. Thereafter, he should recite the Gayatri mantra a thousand times performing pranayama.<ref>Shanti Lal Nagar, Brahmavaivarta Purana ([https://archive.org/details/357106450BrahmavaivartaPurana2SanskritTextWithEnglishTranslationPdf/357106450-Brahmavaivarta-Purana-2-Sanskrit-text-with-English-translation-pdf/page/n77/mode/2up?view=theater Vol. 2]), Delhi: Parimal Publications.</ref>
Meaning: If anyone is unable to perform fasting, one should serve food to a brahmana, besides giving him the money which should suffice for him to take food twice. Thereafter, he should recite the Gayatri mantra a thousand times performing pranayama.<ref>Shanti Lal Nagar, Brahmavaivarta Purana ([https://archive.org/details/357106450BrahmavaivartaPurana2SanskritTextWithEnglishTranslationPdf/357106450-Brahmavaivarta-Purana-2-Sanskrit-text-with-English-translation-pdf/page/n77/mode/2up?view=theater Vol. 2]), Delhi: Parimal Publications.</ref>
== What is acceptable in Upavasa ==
== What is acceptable in Upavasa ==
Agni Purana
Agni Purana