Changes

=== सत्यम् || Satya ===

=== सत्यम् || Satya ===

Satya refers to truthfulness.<ref name=":0" /> And the practice of Satya as a Dharma entails practice of truthfulness in thoughts, speech and actions in day to day life by every one.<ref name=":5" /> Manusmrti explains that Satya or truth is to align thought, speech and action with reality and speak that reality for the welfare of living beings. <blockquote>सत्यं नाम मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिर्भूतहितयथार्थाभिभाषणम् ।<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Shandilya Upanishad]</ref> satyaṁ nāma manovākkāyakarmabhirbhūtahitayathārthābhibhāṣaṇam ।</blockquote>At the same time, it also emphasizes that truth must be spoken in a pleasant manner which is another very important aspect in the practice of Satya. The Manusmrti says,<blockquote>सत्यं ब्रूयात्प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात्सत्यं अप्रियम् । प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः । । ४.१३८ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 4]</ref>

Satya refers to truthfulness.<ref name=":0" /> And the practice of Satya as a Dharma entails practice of truthfulness in thoughts, speech and actions in day to day life by every one.<ref name=":5" /> Manusmrti explains that Satya or truth is to align thought, speech and action with reality and speak that reality for the welfare of living beings. <blockquote>सत्यं नाम मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिर्भूतहितयथार्थाभिभाषणम् ।<ref name=":8">[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Shandilya Upanishad]</ref> satyaṁ nāma manovākkāyakarmabhirbhūtahitayathārthābhibhāṣaṇam ।</blockquote>At the same time, it also emphasizes that truth must be spoken in a pleasant manner which is another very important aspect in the practice of Satya. The Manusmrti says,<blockquote>सत्यं ब्रूयात्प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात्सत्यं अप्रियम् । प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः । । ४.१३८ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 4]</ref>

satyaṁ brūyātpriyaṁ brūyānna brūyātsatyaṁ apriyam । priyaṁ ca nānr̥taṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ । । 4.138 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: Let one say what is true, let one say what is pleasing, let one not utter disagreeable truth and let one utter no agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal law’.

satyaṁ brūyātpriyaṁ brūyānna brūyātsatyaṁ apriyam । priyaṁ ca nānr̥taṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ । । 4.138 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: Let one say what is true, let one say what is pleasing, let one not utter disagreeable truth and let one utter no agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal law’.

=== अस्तेयम् || Asteya ===

=== अस्तेयम् || Asteya ===

Any thought, speech or action that amounts to stealing or misappropriation by force or fraud is Steya. And Asteya is the opposite of that.<ref name=":7" /> It refers to non-stealing,<ref name=":2" /> not coveting the property of others<ref name=":0" /> and not acquiring illegitimate wealth. Infact, the practice of Asteya prohibits even the desire to secure wealth by illegitimate methods that makes even people in noble professions exploit the miseries of others to make more and more money in utter disregard to professional ethics.<ref name=":5" />

Any thought, speech or action that amounts to stealing or misappropriation by force or fraud is Steya. And Asteya is the opposite of that.<ref name=":7" /> Hence, the Shandilya Upanishad explains Asteya as,<blockquote>अस्तेयं नाम मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः परद्रव्येषु निःस्पृहा ।<ref name=":8" /> asteyaṁ nāma manovākkāyakarmabhiḥ paradravyeṣu niḥspr̥hā ।</blockquote>It refers to non-stealing,<ref name=":2" /> not coveting the property of others<ref name=":0" /> and not acquiring illegitimate wealth. Infact, the practice of Asteya prohibits even the desire to secure wealth by illegitimate methods that makes even people in noble professions exploit the miseries of others to make more and more money in utter disregard to professional ethics.<ref name=":5" />

Moreover, Steya does not refer only to the stealing of other’s property or kidnapping of other’s family members. One must never take away anything that belongs to another, including other’s ideas and discoveries. Speaking about something which is not one’s own understanding and claiming them as one’s own, etc. also amounts to Steya. Hence, the practice of Asteya involves a strict control of mind and senses such that one does not entertain any thoughts of stealing other’s ideas, property or family members; not even desire to possess them.<ref name=":7" />

Moreover, Steya does not refer only to the stealing of other’s property or kidnapping of other’s family members. One must never take away anything that belongs to another, including other’s ideas and discoveries. Speaking about something which is not one’s own understanding and claiming them as one’s own, etc. also amounts to Steya. Hence, the practice of Asteya involves a strict control of mind and senses such that one does not entertain any thoughts of stealing other’s ideas, property or family members; not even desire to possess them.<ref name=":7" />

A few other important tenets of Samanya Dharma that are common to many texts are as follows:  

A few other important tenets of Samanya Dharma that are common to many texts are as follows:  

=== दया ॥ ===

=== दया ॥ Daya ===

Daya: The Shandilya Upanishad defines daya as ‘kindness to all creatures at all places’.23 Hence, a person who has daya is always kind and compassionate towards all beings. Such a person will never do anything that can harm any being and will never utter anything that would cause pain to someone. Such a person would not even think of hurting others. That person’s thoughts, speech, and actions will be full of kindness for everyone and would be aimed at achieving the well-being of everyone.<ref name=":7" />

The Shandilya Upanishad defines daya as ‘kindness to all creatures at all places’. <blockquote>दया नाम सर्वभूतेषु सर्वत्रानुग्रहः ।<ref name=":8" /> dayā nāma sarvabhūteṣu sarvatrānugrahaḥ ।</blockquote>Hence, a person who has daya is always kind and compassionate towards all beings. Such a person will never do, utter or even think of anything that can harm, cause pain or hurt any being. For, the practice of Daya entails that thoughts, speech and actions be filled with kindness for everyone and be aimed at achieving the well-being of everyone.<ref name=":7" />

=== दानम् ॥ ===

=== दानम् ॥ ===