Changes

=== अहिंसा || Ahimsa ===

=== अहिंसा || Ahimsa ===

Ahimsa refers to Non-injury<ref name=":2" /> or Non-violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> It prohibits people from indulging in violence against other living beings.<ref name=":5" /> However, the violence or injury referred to here doesn't apply only to physical injuries. It is said that ahimsa should be practised not just in action but in speech and thought as well. The Kurma Purana says,<blockquote>कर्मणा मनसा वाचा सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा । अक्लेशजननं प्रोक्ता त्वहिंसा परमर्षिभिः ।। ११.१४<ref>Kurma Purana, Uttara Bhaga, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref>

Ahimsa refers to Non-injury<ref name=":2" /> or Non-violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> It prohibits people from indulging in violence against other living beings.<ref name=":5" /> However, the violence or injury referred to here doesn't apply only to physical injuries. It is said that ahimsa should be practised not just in action but in speech and thought as well. The Kurma Purana says,<blockquote>कर्मणा मनसा वाचा सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा । अक्लेशजननं प्रोक्ता त्वहिंसा परमर्षिभिः ।। ११.१४<ref>Kurma Purana, Uttara Bhaga, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref> karmaṇā manasā vācā sarvabhūteṣu sarvadā । akleśajananaṁ proktā tvahiṁsā paramarṣibhiḥ ।। 11.14</blockquote>Because, any physical action that causes harm or imposes pain on any living being be it a human, animal, insect, plant or any other living organism, is considered himsa or violence in action (karma). Similarly, words that cause mental agony to others or words that are intended to act as curses that create imbalance in the surroundings refer to violence in speech. And any thought about harming others either physically or mentally is considered violence in thought. Therefore, the practice of ahimsa includes non-injury to other living beings through action, speech as well as thought.<ref name=":7" />

karmaṇā manasā vācā sarvabhūteṣu sarvadā । akleśajananaṁ proktā tvahiṁsā paramarṣibhiḥ ।। 11.14</blockquote>Because, any physical action that causes harm or imposes pain on any living being be it a human, animal, insect, plant or any other living organism, is considered himsa or violence in action (karma). Similarly, words that cause mental agony to others or words that are intended to act as curses that create imbalance in the surroundings refer to violence in speech. And any thought about harming others either physically or mentally is considered violence in thought. Therefore, the practice of ahimsa includes non-injury to other living beings through action, speech as well as thought.<ref name=":7" />

Satya refers to truthfulness.<ref name=":0" /> And the practice of Satya as a Dharma entails practice of truthfulness in thoughts, speech and actions in day to day life by every one.<ref name=":5" /> Manusmrti explains that Satya or truth is to align thought, speech and action with reality and speak that reality for the welfare of living beings. <blockquote>सत्यं नाम मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिर्भूतहितयथार्थाभिभाषणम् ।<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Shandilya Upanishad]</ref> satyaṁ nāma manovākkāyakarmabhirbhūtahitayathārthābhibhāṣaṇam ।</blockquote>At the same time, it is also emphasized that truth must be spoken in a pleasant manner which is another very important aspect in the practice of Satya. The Manusmrti says,<blockquote>सत्यं ब्रूयात्प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात्सत्यं अप्रियम् । प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः । । ४.१३८ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 4]</ref>

satyaṁ brūyātpriyaṁ brūyānna brūyātsatyaṁ apriyam । priyaṁ ca nānr̥taṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ । । 4.138 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: Let one say what is true, let one say what is pleasing, let one not utter disagreeable truth and let one utter no agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal law’.

Satya refers to truthfulness.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" />The second rule requires every one to be truthful in day to day life.<ref name=":5" />

Satya: The practice of satya, truthfulness as a dharma entails truthfulness in thought, speech, and actions. A person must practice what one preaches and preach what one practises. A person must speak only that which one knows to be the truth. Thought, speech, and action must be in line with the truth. ‘Truth is to align thought, speech, and action with reality and speak the reality for the welfare of living beings.’21 ‘Abusing (others, speaking) untruth, detracting from the merits of all men, and talking idly, shall be the four kinds of (evil) verbal action.’22 Another important aspect of the practice of satya is that truth must be spoken in a pleasant manner. ‘Let one say what is true, let one say what is pleasing, let one utter no disagreeable truth, and let one utter no agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal law’ (4.138). If some unpleasant news must be conveyed to someone, it should be done at a proper time and in a subtle way so as to minimise the pain to the listener. Such an austere practice of truth in every word uttered, in every action performed, and in every thought that crosses the mind constitutes satya dharma.<ref name=":7" />

Thus, if some unpleasant news must be conveyed to someone, it should be done at an appropriate time and in a subtle way so as to minimise the pain to the listener. Such an austere practice of truth in every word uttered, in every action performed and in every thought that crosses the mind constitutes Satya Dharma.<ref name=":7" />

=== अस्तेयम् || Asteya ===

=== अस्तेयम् || Asteya ===