Changes

# सामान्यधर्मः (Samanya Dharma) : This deals with the ethical principles like truth, non-injury, non-stealing, etc., which are common duties of all beings. They are universal principles applicable to all irrespective of their class, gender or nationality.<ref name=":2">Nithin Sridhar, [http://indiafacts.org/varna-vyavastha-as-a-conceptual-social-order-that-facilitates-self-actualization/ Varṇa vyavastha as a conceptual social order that facilitates self-actualization], indiafacts.org</ref> For eg. Goodness is not a property of any one class, creed, sect or community. It is a virtue every human being should possess. Thus, Samanya Dharma is the general law for all human beings.<ref name=":1" />

# सामान्यधर्मः (Samanya Dharma) : This deals with the ethical principles like truth, non-injury, non-stealing, etc., which are common duties of all beings. They are universal principles applicable to all irrespective of their class, gender or nationality.<ref name=":2">Nithin Sridhar, [http://indiafacts.org/varna-vyavastha-as-a-conceptual-social-order-that-facilitates-self-actualization/ Varṇa vyavastha as a conceptual social order that facilitates self-actualization], indiafacts.org</ref> For eg. Goodness is not a property of any one class, creed, sect or community. It is a virtue every human being should possess. Thus, Samanya Dharma is the general law for all human beings.<ref name=":1" />

# विशेषधर्मः (Vishesha Dharma) : These are special duties, which are unique to every individual depending on the kala (time), desha (place), varna and ashrama.<ref name=":2" /> For eg. The Varnashrama Dharmas are special Dharmas to be practised by particular groups of people and by people in particular stages of life. However, Samanya Dharmas must be practised by all, irrespective of distinctions of Varna and Asrama, creed or colour.<ref name=":1" />

# विशेषधर्मः (Vishesha Dharma) : These are special duties, which are unique to every individual depending on the kala (time), desha (place), varna and ashrama.<ref name=":2" /> For eg. The Varnashrama Dharmas are special Dharmas to be practised by particular groups of people and by people in particular stages of life. However, Samanya Dharmas must be practised by all, irrespective of distinctions of Varna and Ashrama, creed or colour.<ref name=":1" />

== वैदिकवाङ्मयेषु सामान्यधर्मः ॥ Samanya Dharma in Vaidika Vangmaya ==

== वैदिकवाङ्मयेषु सामान्यधर्मः ॥ Samanya Dharma in Vaidika Vangmaya ==

|-

|-

|

|

# Ahimsa Non-injury / Non-violence

# Ahimsa   Non-injury / Non-violence

# Satya Truthfulness

# Satya Truthfulness

# Asteya Non-stealing / Non-convetousness

# Asteya Non-stealing / Non-convetousness

# Shaucha Cleanliness / Purity

# Shaucha Cleanliness / Purity

# Indriya Nigraha Sense-restraint<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />  

# Indriya Nigraha Sense-restraint<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />  

# Ahimsa Harmlessness

# Ahimsa Harmlessness

# Satya Truthfulness

# Satya Truthfulness

# Shaucha Purity

# Shaucha Purity

# Anasuya Freedom from spite

# Anasuya Freedom from spite

# Anrshamsya Abstinence from cruelty

# Anrshamsya Abstinence from cruelty

|

|

# Ahimsa Harmlessness

# Ahimsa Harmlessness

# Satya Veracity

# Satya Veracity

# Asteya Non-stealing

# Asteya Non-stealing

# Shaucha Purity

# Shaucha Purity

# Indriya Nigraha Controlling of the organs

# Indriya Nigraha Controlling of the organs

# Dana Liberality

# Dana Liberality

# Dama Self-control

# Dama Self-control

# Daya Mercy

# Daya Mercy

# Kshanti Forgiveness<ref>Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vidyarnava (1918), [https://archive.org/details/yajnavalkyasmrit00yj/page/236/mode/2up?view=theater Yajnavalkya Smriti (Book 1)], Allahabad: The Panini Office</ref>

# Kshanti Forgiveness<ref>Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vidyarnava (1918), [https://archive.org/details/yajnavalkyasmrit00yj/page/236/mode/2up?view=theater Yajnavalkya Smriti (Book 1)], Allahabad: The Panini Office</ref>

|

|

# Akrodha Freedom from anger

# Akrodha Freedom from anger

# Satya Vachana Truthfulness

# Satya Vachana Truthfulness

# Samvibhaga Sharing wealth

# Samvibhaga Sharing wealth

# Kshama Forgiveness

# Kshama Forgiveness

# Prajana Procreation

# Prajana Procreation

# Shaucha Purity

# Shaucha Purity

# Adroha Absence of enmity

# Adroha Absence of enmity

# Arjava Straightforwardness

# Arjava Straightforwardness

# Bhrtya Bharana Maintainence of dependents<ref name=":5">M.Rama Jois (2004), Trivarga, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</ref>

# Bhrtya Bharana Maintainence of dependents<ref name=":5">M.Rama Jois (2004), Trivarga, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</ref>

# Svadhyaya Perseverance

# Svadhyaya Perseverance

# Brahmacharya Celibacy

# Brahmacharya Celibacy

# Dana Donation

# Dana Donation

# Yajana Yajna

# Yajana Yajna

# Akarpanya Generosity

# Akarpanya Generosity

# Anayasa Attachment to hard labour

# Anayasa Attachment to hard labour

# Daya Kindness

# Daya Kindness

# Ahimsa Non-violence

# Ahimsa Non-violence

# Kshama Forgiveness

# Kshama Forgiveness

# Dama Self-control

# Dama Self-control

# Jitendriyatva Control on senses

# Jitendriyatva Control on senses

# Shaucha Purity

# Shaucha   Purity

# Mangalya Benevolence

# Mangalya Benevolence

# Bhakti Devotion<ref>[https://archive.org/details/vamanapuranavaishnavaupapuranasanskritenglishocr/page/n79/mode/2up?view=theater Vamana Purana (Translation)]</ref>

# Bhakti Devotion<ref>[https://archive.org/details/vamanapuranavaishnavaupapuranasanskritenglishocr/page/n79/mode/2up?view=theater Vamana Purana (Translation)]</ref>

|  

|  

# Satya (Truthfulness)

# Satya (Truthfulness)

=== अहिंसा || Ahimsa ===

=== अहिंसा || Ahimsa ===

Ahimsa refers to Non-injury<ref name=":2" /> or Non-violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> It prohibits people from indulging in violence against other living beings.<ref name=":5" /> However, the violence or injury referred to here doesn't apply only to physical injuries. It is said that ahimsa should be practised not just in action but in speech and thought as well. The Kurma Purana says,

Ahimsa refers to Non-injury<ref name=":2" /> or Non-violence.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> It prohibits people from indulging in violence against other living beings.<ref name=":5" /> However, the violence or injury referred to here doesn't apply only to physical injuries. It is said that ahimsa should be practised not just in action but in speech and thought as well. The Kurma Purana says,<blockquote>कर्मणा मनसा वाचा सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा । अक्लेशजननं प्रोक्ता त्वहिंसा परमर्षिभिः ।। ११.१४<ref>Kurma Purana, Uttara Bhaga, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref>

 

कर्मणा मनसा वाचा सर्वभूतेषु सर्वदा । अक्लेशजननं प्रोक्ता त्वहिंसा परमर्षिभिः ।। ११.१४<ref>Kurma Purana, Uttara Bhaga, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11]</ref>

Ahimsa: But, here the violence or injury referred to is not applicable only to bodily injuries. Ahimsa should be practised in action, speech, and thought.19 Himsa or violence in action refers to causing physical harm to others. It may be harm to a human, animal, insects, plants, or any other living organism. Any physical action that causes harm or imposes pain on any living being is considered violent action. Similarly, words that cause mental agony to others or words that are intended to act as curses that create imbalance in the surroundings are violent speech. And finally any thought about harming others either physically or mentally is violent thought. Hence, the practice of ahimsa includes non-injury to other living beings through action, speech, and thought.<ref name=":7" />

karmaṇā manasā vācā sarvabhūteṣu sarvadā । akleśajananaṁ proktā tvahiṁsā paramarṣibhiḥ ।। 11.14</blockquote>Because, any physical action that causes harm or imposes pain on any living being be it a human, animal, insect, plant or any other living organism, is considered himsa or violence in action (karma). Similarly, words that cause mental agony to others or words that are intended to act as curses that create imbalance in the surroundings refer to violence in speech. And any thought about harming others either physically or mentally is considered violence in thought. Therefore, the practice of ahimsa includes non-injury to other living beings through action, speech as well as thought.<ref name=":7" />

=== सत्यम् || Satya ===

=== सत्यम् || Satya ===