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Line 182: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − |}Guru guna(heaviness) − − The quality of a dravya which is brimhana in nature and (A.H SU.1.18.HEM) − − Bhautitkta − − There is prithvi and jala mahabhuta dominance in guru guna. − − (madhura rasa,Madhur vipaka and sheeta veerya have guru guna) − − Laghu (A.H SU.1.18.HEM) − − The quality of a dravya which brings lightness to the body is laghu guna. − − Bhautikta − − There is Akasha, vaayu, agni mahabhuta dominance in laghu guna. − − Sheeta guna ( − − That which brings coldness in the body is sheeta guna − − Bhautitkatva − − Jala and vayu are the mahabhuta dominant in sheeta guna. − − Ushna − − That which increases warmth or hotness inside the body is ushna guna. This property is also responsible for producing sweat in body. − − Bhautikatva − − There is agni mahabhuta dominance in ushna guna − − Snigdha − − That which produces unctuousness and softness in body is Snigdha guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is jala mahabhuta predominance in snigdha guna − − Ruksha − − The quality of a dravya responsible for producing dryness in the body is ruksha guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is vayu and agni dominance in ruksha guna − − Manda − − That which is responsible for pacifying the increased dosha is manda guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is prithvi and jala mahabhuta predominance in manda guna. − − Teekshna (sharp) − − That which is responsible for purificatory actions is teekshna guna. (A.H.su.1.18) − − Bhautikatva − − There is agni mahabhuta predominance in teekshna guna − − Sthira (stability) − − That which brings about stability in the body and helps maintaining it is sthira guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is prithvi mahabhuta dominant in this guna. − − Sara (mobility) − − That which brings about mobility or instability in the body is sara guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is jala and vayu mahabhuta predominance in this guna. − − Mrudu(soft) − − That which brings softness in the body is mrudu guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is jala mahanbhuta predominance in this guna. − − Kathina(hard) − − That which produces stiffness and toughness in the body is kathina guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is pritvi mahabhuta predominance in this guna. − − Vishada − − That which has strength to clean or wash down the sliminess is vishada guna. − − Bhautikatva − − There is prithvi, vaayu mahabhuta dominance in this guna − − Adhyatmik guna − − In ref with tarka samgraha − − Iccha − − इच्छा कामः॥ − − Any kind of desire, wish or intentions is known as iccha. − − Dvesha − − क्रोधो द्वेषः॥ − − Any kind of anger leads to dvesha or enimity. − − Praytna − − कृतिः प्रयत्नः॥ − − A deed to be done or action leading an outcome is praytna. − − Sukha − − सर्वेषामनुकूलतया वेदनीयं सुखम्॥ − − {| class="wikitable" − |+ − ! − ! − ! − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − |- − | − | − | − + − परापरत्वे युक्तिश्च सङ्ख्या संयोग एव च| विभागश्च पृथक्त्वं च परिमाणमथापि च||२९||+ − संस्कारोऽभ्यास इत्येते गुणा ज्ञेयाः परादयः| (char. sutr.26.29)+ + + − + + − तच्च परत्वं प्रधानत्वम्,+ + − Paratva means superiority.This guna is essential while selecting a particular specie of dravya in treatment as of which is superior.+ + + − Aparavtva(inferiority)+ + − अपरत्वम् अप्रधानत्वम्|+ + − The opposite of paratva is aparatva, which means inferior. Again, a dravya which is inferior in specie is apara, thus this helps while selecting a dravya.+ − − Yukti (rationality) − − युक्तिश्च योजना या तु युज्यते|| (char. sutr.26.31) − − युक्तिश्चेत्यादौ योजना दोषाद्यपेक्षया भेषजस्य समीचीनकल्पना|| (char. sutr.26.31, chakra) − − Considering dosha etc aspects the rational application of a dravya for treatment is yukti. − − Sankhya (number) − − सङ्ख्या स्याद्गणितं (chr. sutr.26.32) − − Enumeration of any dravya, disease, etc is sankhya. − − Sanyoga − − योगः सह संयोग उच्यते − − The conjunction between two dravya is known as sanyoga. − − − − − − Line 503:
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Line 319: − + − + − − − − − + − − Iccha − − इच्छा कामः॥ − − Any kind of desire, wish or intentions is known as iccha. − − Dvesha − − क्रोधो द्वेषः॥ − − Any kind of anger leads to dvesha or enimity. − − Praytna − − कृतिः प्रयत्नः॥ − − A deed to be done or action leading an outcome is praytna. − − Sukha − − सर्वेषामनुकूलतया वेदनीयं सुखम्॥ − − The pleasant effect or feeling is sukha. − − Dukkha − − सर्वेषां प्रतिकूलतया वेदनीयं दुःखम्॥ − That which causes unpleasant feeling is dukkha.+ + − Buddhi+ + − Buddhi is intelligence,+ + − It is further of 2 types,+ + − Nitya+ + − Anitya+ +
Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः) (view source)
Revision as of 23:29, 25 October 2021
, 23:29, 25 October 2021→Guruvadi guna
For better understanding of gunas, Acharya charka in sutrasthana has described two basic categories of guna. The total number of gunas is believed to be 41.
For better understanding of gunas, Acharya charka in sutrasthana has described two basic categories of guna. The total number of gunas is believed to be 41.
<blockquote>सार्था गुर्वादयो बुद्धिः प्रयत्नान्ताः परादयः| गुणाः प्रोक्ताः ...|४९| Cha Su 1. 49
<blockquote>सार्था गुर्वादयो बुद्धिः प्रयत्नान्ताः परादयः| गुणाः प्रोक्ताः ...|४९| Cha Su 1. 49</blockquote>Meaning: Sartha, Gurvadi, Buddhi-prayatnanata and Paradi (sets of gunas) are (total 41 types of qualities) called as gunas. <blockquote>“अर्थाः शब्दादयो ज्ञेया गोचरा विषया गुणाः” (शा.अ.१) इति| Cha. Sha 1 , Cha su 1.49 Chakra com</blockquote>Meaning: Sound etc. qualities that can be perceived by (5) sense organs are known as arthas (subjects or the sense organs).
Gurvadi (A.H.1.18)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
41 gunas listed in Charaka Samhita
!Sr No
!Sr No
!Sartha
!Sartha / Vaisheshika
!Gurvadi (A.H.1.18)
!Gurvadi
!Paradi
!Paradi
!Prayatnanta / Adhyatmika / atmagunas
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Guru
|Guru
|Paratva
|Paratva
|Buddhi
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Laghu
|Laghu
|Aparatva
|Aparatva
|Ichha
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Manda
|Manda
|Yukti
|Yukti
|Dvesha
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Teekshna
|Teekshna
|Samkhya
|Samkhya
|Sukha
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Shita
|Shita
|Samyoga
|Samyoga
|Dukha
|-
|-
|6
|6
|Ushna
|Ushna
|Vibhaga
|Vibhaga
|Prayatna
|-
|-
|7
|7
|Snigdha
|Snigdha
|Pruthakatva
|Pruthakatva
|
|-
|-
|8
|8
|Ruksha
|Ruksha
|Pariman
|Pariman
|
|-
|-
|9
|9
|Shlakshna
|Shlakshna
|Samskara
|Samskara
|
|-
|-
|10
|10
|Khara
|Khara
|Abhyasa
|Abhyasa
|
|-
|-
|11
|11
|
|
|Sandra
|Sandra
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Drava
|Drava
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Mrudu
|Mrudu
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Kathina
|Kathina
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Sthira
|Sthira
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Chala
|Chala
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Sukshma
|Sukshma
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Sthula
|Sthula
|
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Vishada
|Vishada
|
|
|
|-
|-
|20
|
|
|Picchila
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
All the gunas included in 3 categories are useful for assessing the imbalances in the body, diagnosing and planning management.
All the gunas included in 3 categories are useful for assessing the imbalances in the body, diagnosing and planning management.
=== Guruvadi guna ===
=== '''Guruvadi gunas''' ===
Gurvadi gunas refer to the 20 gunas starting from 'Guru' which is the first in order. Among these 20 gunas, there are 10 pairs of gunas having exactly opposite property to each other. guru-laghu, manda-tikshna, hima-ushna, snigdha-ruksha, shlakshna-khara, sandra-drava, mrudu-kathin, sthira-chala are these 10 pairs comprising of total 20 gunas. Each of the gurvadi gunas and its unique panchamahabhuta composition is described in the table below.
Gurvadi gunas refer to the 20 gunas starting from 'Guru' which is the first in order. Among these 20 gunas, there are 10 pairs of gunas having exactly opposite property to each other. guru-laghu, manda-tikshna, hima-ushna, snigdha-ruksha, shlakshna-khara, sandra-drava, mrudu-kathin, sthira-chala are these 10 pairs comprising of total 20 gunas. Each of the gurvadi gunas and its unique panchamahabhuta composition is described in the table below. (A.H SU.1.18.HEM), (sush. sutr.46.524),
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|Laghu(light)
|Laghu(light)
|
|Bringing lightness
|Akasha, vayu, agni
|Akasha, vayu, agni
|-
|-
|Sheeta(cold)
|Sheeta(cold)
|
|Generate cooling, stop the flow or movement of body component
|Jala, vayu
|Jala, vayu
|-
|-
|Ushna(hot)
|Ushna(hot)
|
|Generate heat and sweating
|agni
|agni
|-
|-
|Snigdha(unctuous)
|Snigdha(unctuous)
|
|Develop moisture, unctuousness, lubrication
|Jala
|Jala
|-
|-
|Ruksha(dry)
|Ruksha(dry)
|
|Generate dryness, absorption
|Vayu, agni
|Vayu, agni
|-
|-
|Manda(mild)
|Manda(mild)
|
|Pacifying aggravated doshas
|Prthvi, jala
|Prthvi, jala
|-
|-
|Teekshna(sharp)
|Teekshna(sharp)
|
|Extracting out the unwanted accumulated wastes
|Agni
|Agni
|-
|-
|Sthira(stable)
|Sthira(stable)
|
|Hold something, sustain, maintain the balance, stabilize
|Prthvi
|Prthvi
|-
|-
|Sara(unstable)
|Sara(unstable)
|
|Stimulate something (secretion or action), mobilize
|Jala, vayu
|Jala, vayu
|-
|-
|Mrudu(soft)
|Mrudu(soft)
|
|Develop softness, elasticity
|jala
|jala
|-
|-
|Kathina(hard)
|Kathina(hard)
|
|Develop firmness, hardness, toughnes
|Prthvi
|Prthvi
|-
|-
|Vishada(non-slimy)
|Vishada(non-slimy)
|
|Cleansing activity, separating
|Vayu
|Vayu
|-
|-
|Picchila(slimy)
|Picchila(slimy)
|
|Protecting, covering, smearing, coating
|Jala,vayu
|Jala,vayu
|-
|-
|Slakshna(smooth)
|Slakshna(smooth)
|
|Healing
|Jala
|Jala
|-
|-
|Khara(rough)
|Khara(rough)
|
|Scraping
|vaayu
|vaayu
|-
|-
|Sukshma(tiny)
|Sukshma(tiny)
|
|Navigating through the minute channels of the body due to its fine and delicate nature
|agni, vayu and akasha
|agni, vayu and akasha
|-
|-
|Sthula(coarse)
|Sthula(coarse)
|
|Increasing the mass leading to blockage
|Prthvi
|Prthvi
|-
|-
|Saandra(solid)
|Saandra(solid)
|
|Soothing
|Prthvi
|Prthvi
|-
|-
|Drava(liquid)
|Drava(liquid)
|
|Drip through, dossolving, liquifying
|Jala
|Jala
|}
|}
=== '''Paradi Guna''' ===
=== Paradi Guna ===
The samskrit term Paradi can be spit into 2 parts viz. Para-one of the gunas & Adi-etc. Thus Paradi gunas refer to the set of gunas starting from the guna called as 'Para'. These are 10 gunas in number.
Acharya charaka has described these gunas as belows,<blockquote>परापरत्वे युक्तिश्च सङ्ख्या संयोग एव च| विभागश्च पृथक्त्वं च परिमाणमथापि च||२९||
संस्कारोऽभ्यास इत्येते गुणा ज्ञेयाः परादयः| (char. sutr.26.29)</blockquote>
Meaning: Paratva, Aparatva, Yukti, Samkhya, Samyoga, Vibhaga, Prthaktva, Parinama, Samskara and Abhyasa are known as Paradi gunas.
Paratva
==== Paratva ॥ Superiority ====
<blockquote>तच्च परत्वं प्रधानत्वम्,</blockquote>Paratva means superiority. This guna is essential while selecting a particular species of dravya in treatment as of which is superior.
==== Aparavtva ॥ Inferiority ====
<blockquote>अपरत्वम् अप्रधानत्वम्|</blockquote>The opposite of paratva is aparatva, which means inferior. Again, a dravya which is inferior in specie is apara, thus this helps while selecting a dravya.
==== Yukti ॥ Rationality ====
<blockquote>युक्तिश्च योजना या तु युज्यते|| (char. sutr.26.31)
युक्तिश्चेत्यादौ योजना दोषाद्यपेक्षया भेषजस्य समीचीनकल्पना|| (char. sutr.26.31, chakra)</blockquote>Considering dosha etc aspects the rational application of a dravya for treatment is yukti.
==== Sankhya ॥ Number ====
<blockquote>सङ्ख्या स्याद्गणितं (chr. sutr.26.32)</blockquote>Enumeration of any dravya, disease, etc is sankhya.
==== Samyoga ॥ Combination ====
<blockquote>योगः सह संयोग उच्यते</blockquote>The conjunction between two dravya is known as sanyoga.
It is further of 3 types,<blockquote>द्रव्याणां द्वन्द्वसर्वैककर्मजोऽनित्य एव च|</blockquote>Dvandvakarmaja
It is further of 3 types,
द्रव्याणां द्वन्द्वसर्वैककर्मजोऽनित्य एव च|
Dvandvakarmaja
Sarvakarmaja
Sarvakarmaja
Ekakarmaja
Ekakarmaja
==== Vibhaga ॥ Disjunction ====
Vibhaga(disjunction)
Disjunction is known as vibhaga.<blockquote>द्रव्याणां द्वन्द्वसर्वैककर्मजोऽनित्य एव च|</blockquote>Its is of 3 types
Disjunction is known as vibhaga.
द्रव्याणां द्वन्द्वसर्वैककर्मजोऽनित्य एव च|
Its is of 3 types
Vibhakti
Vibhakti
Bhagasho graha
Bhagasho graha
==== Prthakatva ॥ Separation ====
<blockquote>पृथक्त्वं तु ‘इदं द्रव्यं पटलक्षणं, घटात् पृथग्’ इत्यादिका बुद्धिर्यतो भवति</blockquote>The property which separates one dravya from another is pruthakatva.<blockquote>पृथक्त्वं स्यादसंयोगो वैलक्षण्यमनेकता||</blockquote>It is of further 3 types
पृथक्त्वं तु ‘इदं द्रव्यं पटलक्षणं, घटात् पृथग्’ इत्यादिका बुद्धिर्यतो भवति
The property which separates one dravya from another is pruthakatva.
पृथक्त्वं स्यादसंयोगो वैलक्षण्यमनेकता||
It is of further 3 types
Asamyoga
Asamyoga
Anekata
Anekata
==== Parimana ॥ Measurement ====
<blockquote>मानं प्रस्थाढकादितुलादिमेयम्</blockquote>The weight or length etc of dravya must be measured, which is with the help of parimaan guna.
==== Samskar ॥ Processing ====
The guna because of which there is conversion in the form of dravya due to application of a certain process is sanskar.
The guna because of which there is conversion in the form of dravya due to application of a certain process is sanskar.
Vaisheshika darshana states 3 types of sanskar,
Vaisheshika darshana states 3 types of sanskar,<blockquote>संस्कारस्त्रिविधो वेगो भावना स्थितिस्थापकश्च| (prashastapada)</blockquote>Veg(impulse)
संस्कारस्त्रिविधो वेगो भावना स्थितिस्थापकश्च| (prashastapada)
Veg(impulse)
Bhavana(impression)
Bhavana(impression)
Sthithisthapak(elasticity)
Sthithisthapak(elasticity)
==== Abhayasa ॥ Practice ====
Abhayasa (practice)
<blockquote>भावाभ्यसनमभ्यासः शीलनं सततक्रिया|</blockquote>Usage or practice of a same dravya or padhrtha again and again is abhayasa
भावाभ्यसनमभ्यासः शीलनं सततक्रिया|
Usage or practice of a same dravya or padhrtha again and again is abhayasa
=== '''Adhyatmik guna''' ===
=== '''Adhyatmik guna''' ===
In ref with tarka samgraha
Acharya Charaka has called a set of gunas by the name of first and last guna in it. The first is Buddhi and the last in sequence in Prayatna. These are total 6 in number. In Tarka samgraha based on Nyaya and Vaisheshika darshanas these gunas are called as Adhyatmika gunas since those are related to the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] i.e. life energy and capable of independently bringing about some karma (action or activity). Those are described in brief hereafter.
==== Buddhi ====
<blockquote>सर्वव्यवहारहेतुर्गुणो बुद्धिर्ज्ञानम्। सा द्विविधा स्मृतिरनुभवश्च। संस्कारमात्रजन्यं ज्ञानं स्मृतिः। तद्भिन्नं ज्ञानमनुभवः।</blockquote>Buddhi is intelligence required for any doing any type of activity.
==== Sukha ====
<blockquote>सर्वेषामनुकूलतया वेदनीयं सुखम्॥</blockquote>The pleasant effect or feeling is sukha.
==== Dukkha ====
<blockquote>सर्वेषां प्रतिकूलतया वेदनीयं दुःखम्॥</blockquote>That which causes unpleasant feeling is dukkha.
==== Iccha ====
<blockquote>इच्छा कामः॥</blockquote>Any kind of desire, wish or intentions is known as iccha.
==== Dvesha ====
<blockquote>क्रोधो द्वेषः॥</blockquote>Any kind of anger leads to dvesha or enimity.
==== Praytna ====
<blockquote>कृतिः प्रयत्नः॥</blockquote>A deed to be done or action leading an outcome is praytna.
== Guna importance in chikitsa ==
== Guna importance in chikitsa ==