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Panchamahabhutas (पञ्चमहाभूतानि) (view source)
Revision as of 00:32, 5 October 2021
, 00:32, 5 October 2021no edit summary
Panchamahabhuta is the samskrit term made up of 3 parts. Pancha means 5, maha means big and bhutas means the existing elements. Thus, the term panchamahabhutas indicates 5 basic elements in the nature. It is also known as pancha bhutas. These are considered as the basis of creation of universe and thus human body as well. These 5 basic elements have specific attributes, owing to which how they would act or affect is decided. They co-exist in all the materials or matters in this universe but one or 2 elements might be present in dominance. Dominance of mahabhutas decide the final quality or nature and behaviour of that matter in this world.
Panchamahabhuta (also known as pancha-bhutas OR mahabhutas) is the samskrit term made up of 3 parts. Pancha means 5, maha means big and bhutas means the existing elements. Thus, the term panchamahabhutas indicates 5 basic elements existing in the nature. These are considered as the basis of creation of universe including humans. These 5 basic elements have specific attributes, owing to which how they would act or affect the others is decided. They co-exist in all the materials or matters in this universe in varied proportion. One or 2 elements might be present in dominance than others in different matters. Dominance of mahabhutas decide the final quality or nature and behavior of that matter in this world.
== The 5 elements ==
== The 5 elements ==
Bhu / Prthvi, Jalam/ aapa, Teja/ Agni, Vayu and kha/ Aakasha are these 5 basic elements or panchamahabhutas present in the universe. Each of these 5 mahabhutas have one unique quality. This quality is specific to that mahabhuta and called as guna (quality) of that mahabhuta. <blockquote>महाभूतानि खं वायुरग्निरापः क्षितिस्तथा| शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च तद्गुणाः||२७|| Cha Sha 1.27</blockquote>Meaning: Kha (ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (fire), Aapa (Water), Kshiti (Earth) are called mahabhutas. Shabdam (sound), Sparsham (touch), Rupam (vision), Rasa (taste) and gandha (smell) are the gunas (unique qualities) of these mahabhutas respectively.
Bhu / Prthvi, Jalam/ aapa, Teja/ Agni, Vayu and kha/ Aakasha are these 5 basic elements or panchamahabhutas existing in the universe. Each of these 5 mahabhutas have one unique quality. This quality is specific to that mahabhuta and called as guna (quality) of that mahabhuta. <blockquote>महाभूतानि खं वायुरग्निरापः क्षितिस्तथा| शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च तद्गुणाः||२७|| Cha Sha 1.27</blockquote>Meaning: Kha (ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (fire), Aapa (Water), Kshiti (Earth) are called mahabhutas. Shabdam (sound), Sparsham (touch), Rupam (vision), Rasa (taste) and gandha (smell) are the gunas (unique qualities) of these mahabhutas respectively.
=== Prthvi ===
=== Prthvi ===
Tarkasamgraha- ॥ तत्र गन्धवती पृथिवी। सा द्विविधा, नित्याऽनित्या च। नित्या परमाणुरूपा। अनित्या कार्यरूपा। पुनस्त्रिविधा शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरमस्मदादीनाम्। इन्द्रियं गन्धग्राहकं घ्राणम्। तच्च नासाग्रवर्ति। विषयो मृत्पाषाणादिः॥९॥ <ref>Tarkasamgraha By Annambhatta, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Dravyalakshana prakaranam]</ref>
Tarkasamgraha- ॥ तत्र गन्धवती पृथिवी। सा द्विविधा, नित्याऽनित्या च। नित्या परमाणुरूपा। अनित्या कार्यरूपा। पुनस्त्रिविधा शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरमस्मदादीनाम्। इन्द्रियं गन्धग्राहकं घ्राणम्। तच्च नासाग्रवर्ति। विषयो मृत्पाषाणादिः॥९॥ <ref>Tarkasamgraha By Annambhatta, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Dravyalakshana prakaranam]</ref>
(TBE)The word ‘Prithvi’ literally means ‘the earth’. It also represents the earth in its elemental form. Prithvi has been derived from the word ‘pruthu’, which means ‘possessing sthula guna (property of bulkiness or thickness)’.[2] Prath also means pervasive, which spreads. Another meaning is particles. Prithvi is the one which is composed of several particles.[3] That which have gandha (smell), rasa (taste), rupa (vision) and sparsha (touch) is called prithvi.[4]
=== Apa ===
=== Apa ===
॥ शीतस्पर्शवत्यः आपः। ता द्विविधाः, नित्या अनित्याश्च। नित्याः परमाणुरूपाः। अनित्याः कार्यरूपाः। पुनस्त्रिविधाः शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरं वरुणलोके। इन्द्रियं रसग्राहकं रसनं जिह्वाग्रवर्ति। विषयः सरित्समुद्रादिः॥२॥
॥ शीतस्पर्शवत्यः आपः। ता द्विविधाः, नित्या अनित्याश्च। नित्याः परमाणुरूपाः। अनित्याः कार्यरूपाः। पुनस्त्रिविधाः शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरं वरुणलोके। इन्द्रियं रसग्राहकं रसनं जिह्वाग्रवर्ति। विषयः सरित्समुद्रादिः॥२॥
The word ‘jala’ literally means ‘water’ or ‘any fluid’.[1] It is also known as ‘ap mahabhuta’. The word ‘ap’ also means ‘water’.That which have the sensations of vision (rupa), taste(rasa), touch (sparsha), sliminess (snigdha) and is in the form of liquid (drava) is called ‘ap’ [Vaisheshika sutra].[3] It is cold on touch [Tarkasangraha].[4]
=== Teja ===
=== Teja ===
॥ उष्णस्पर्शवत् तेजः। तच्च द्विविधं, नित्यमनित्यं च। नित्यं परमाणुरूपम्। अनित्यं कार्यरूपम्। पुनः त्रिविधं शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरमादित्यलोके प्रसिद्धम्। इन्द्रियं रूपग्राहकं चक्षुः कृष्णताराग्रवर्ति। विषयः चतुर्विधः, भौम-दिव्य-औदर्य-आकरजभेदात्। भौमं वह्न्यादिकम्। अभिन्धनं दिव्यं विद्युदादि। भुक्तस्य परिणामहेतुरौदर्यम्। आकरजं सुवर्णादि॥३॥
॥ उष्णस्पर्शवत् तेजः। तच्च द्विविधं, नित्यमनित्यं च। नित्यं परमाणुरूपम्। अनित्यं कार्यरूपम्। पुनः त्रिविधं शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरमादित्यलोके प्रसिद्धम्। इन्द्रियं रूपग्राहकं चक्षुः कृष्णताराग्रवर्ति। विषयः चतुर्विधः, भौम-दिव्य-औदर्य-आकरजभेदात्। भौमं वह्न्यादिकम्। अभिन्धनं दिव्यं विद्युदादि। भुक्तस्य परिणामहेतुरौदर्यम्। आकरजं सुवर्णादि॥३॥
‘Agni’ literally means fire. In Ayurveda biology, agni denotes all factors responsible for digestion and metabolism/transformation. (Code:SAT-B.488)[1] It is the heat (ushma) generated from pitta dosha in the body. Therefore, all functions of agni are similar to pitta dosha.
=== Vayu ===
=== Vayu ===
॥ रूपरहितः स्पर्शवान् वायुः। स द्विविधः नित्यः अनित्यश्च। नित्यः परमाणुरूपः। अनित्यः कार्यरूपः। पुनः त्रिविधः शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरं वायुलोके। इन्द्रियं स्पर्शग्राहकंत्वक् सर्वशरीरवर्ति। विषयो वृक्षादिकम्पनहेतुः। शरीरान्तः सञ्चारी वायुः प्राणः। स च एकोऽपि उपाधिभेदात् प्राणापानादिसंज्ञां लभते॥४॥
॥ रूपरहितः स्पर्शवान् वायुः। स द्विविधः नित्यः अनित्यश्च। नित्यः परमाणुरूपः। अनित्यः कार्यरूपः। पुनः त्रिविधः शरीरेन्द्रियविषयभेदात्। शरीरं वायुलोके। इन्द्रियं स्पर्शग्राहकंत्वक् सर्वशरीरवर्ति। विषयो वृक्षादिकम्पनहेतुः। शरीरान्तः सञ्चारी वायुः प्राणः। स च एकोऽपि उपाधिभेदात् प्राणापानादिसंज्ञां लभते॥४॥
The word ‘vayu’ literally means ‘wind’ or ‘air’ or ‘vital air’.
=== Akasha ===
=== Akasha ===
॥ शब्दगुणकमाकाशम्। तच्चैकं विभु नित्यञ्च॥५॥
॥ शब्दगुणकमाकाशम्। तच्चैकं विभु नित्यञ्च॥५॥
The word Akasha literally means ‘a free or open space’ or ‘the ether’, ‘sky’ or ‘atmosphere’.
== Place of panchamahabhutas in the cosmic evolution (Srshti utpatti) ==
== Place of panchamahabhutas in the cosmic evolution (Srshti utpatti) ==