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== अस्थिधातु स्थानानि तथा भेदाः॥ Location and types of asthi dhatu ==

== अस्थिधातु स्थानानि तथा भेदाः॥ Location and types of asthi dhatu ==

Asthi dhatu is present everywhere in the body mainly forming the skeleton of the bones. There are five types of Asthi in human body. [Su .Sa Sharira Sthana 5/20] These 5 types are as below,  

Asthi dhatu is present everywhere in the body mainly forming the skeleton of the bones. There are five types of Asthi in human body.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 20)</ref> These 5 types are as below,  

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=== अस्थिवहस्रोतसम् ॥ Asthivaha Srotas ===

=== अस्थिवहस्रोतसम् ॥ Asthivaha Srotas ===

Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu are known as asthivaha srotas. Acharya Charaka has mentioned meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana) as the chief sites of this system. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8]

Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu are known as asthivaha srotas. Acharya Charaka has mentioned meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana) as the chief sites of this system.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 8)</ref> 

=== ॥ Other anatomical structures related to Asthi dhatu mentioned in Ayurveda ===

=== ॥ Other anatomical structures related to Asthi dhatu mentioned in Ayurveda ===

==== अस्थिजालानि ॥ Asthi Jala ====

==== अस्थिजालानि ॥ Asthi Jala ====

There are four types of network-like structures (jala) in body including, bone network (asthijala). There are four such networks formed from each of these types. They are present in wrist and ankle joints and interlinked together.[Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/12].<ref name=":0" />

There are four types of network-like structures (जाल | jala) in body including, bone network (अस्थिजालानि | asthijala). There are four such networks formed from each of these types. They are present in wrist and ankle joints and interlinked together.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhaya 5 Sutram 12-16)</ref>

==== अस्थिसंघातानि ॥ Asthi sanghata ====

==== अस्थिसंघातानि ॥ Asthi sanghata ====

The places where many bones are present is called confluences. The confluences of bones are fourteen in number. They include ankle(gulpha), knee(janu), and groin(vankshana) in lower limbs and their counter parts wrist(manibandha), elbow(kurpara) and axilla(kaksha) in upper limbs on each side. One is in the lower back(trika) and the other on the skull(shira) [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/16]<ref name=":0" />

The places where many bones are present is called confluences. The confluences of bones are fourteen in number. They include ankle (गुल्फ़ | gulpha), knee (जानु | janu), and groin (वंक्षणम् | vankshana) in lower limbs and their counter parts wrist (मणिबंधम् | anibandha), elbow (कूर्परम् | kurpara) and axilla (कक्षा | kaksha) in upper limbs on each side. One is in the lower back (त्रिकम् | trika) and the other on the skull (शिरः | shira).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

==== अस्थिमर्माणि ॥ Asthi Marmas ====

==== अस्थिमर्माणि ॥ Asthi Marmas ====

There are eight vital points formed from bones (asthi marma). [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 6/4] Katikataruna, Nitamba, Ansaphalaka and Shankha are those 4 marmas.<ref name=":0" />

There are eight vital points formed from bones (अस्थि मर्माणि | asthi marma). <ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutram 4)</ref> Katikataruna (कटिकतरुणम्), Nitamba (नितंब), Ansaphalaka (अंसफलकम्) and Shankha (शंख) are those 4 marmas.<ref name=":0" />

== कार्यम्॥ Functions ==

== कार्यम्॥ Functions ==

Asthi dhatu performs the major function of providing support to the body. The skeleton formed by asthi gives shape, stability and protection to the vital soft organs. The locomotor function of a person is dependent on the health and state of Asthi dhatu. Apart from this it provides nourishment to the succeeding Majja dhatu and  indirectly supports its function. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/5]

Asthi dhatu performs the major function of dharana (धारणम् | providing support to the body). The skeleton formed by asthi gives shape, stability and protection to the vital soft organs. The locomotor function of a person is dependent on the health and state of Asthi dhatu. Apart from this it provides nourishment to the succeeding Majja dhatu and  indirectly supports its function.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhaya 15 Sutram 5)</ref>

== अस्थिधातुदुष्टिहेतवाः॥ Causes of vitiation ==

== अस्थिधातुदुष्टिहेतवाः॥ Causes of vitiation ==

Various diet and lifestyle related factors that adversely affect asthi dhatu have been listed by Ayurveda acharyas. They cause imbalance in the levels as well as quality of the asthi dhatu, cause disturbance in the channels of its transport across the body and thus affect its function. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/17]

Various diet and lifestyle related factors that adversely affect asthi dhatu have been listed by Ayurveda acharyas. They cause imbalance in the levels as well as quality of the asthi dhatu, cause disturbance in the channels of its transport across the body and thus affect its function.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 17)</ref>

==== आहारहेतवाः ॥ Dietary causes ====

==== आहारहेतवाः ॥ Dietary causes ====

== अस्थिधातु॥ Importance in preservation of health and prevention ==

== अस्थिधातु॥ Importance in preservation of health and prevention ==

Asthi is that dhatu of body which provides framework in the form of skeleton which is responsible for providing shape to body and protection to inner organs. Thus the human body is held and sustained due to asthi. The locomotory activities or voluntary movements of body are possible due to presence of strong and firm asthi. Along with this asthi dhatu is also responsible for overall strength, endurance, firmness and in general for enthusiasm and longevity of body.  

Asthi is that dhatu of body which provides framework in the form of skeleton which is responsible for providing shape to body and protection to inner organs. Thus the human body is held and sustained due to asthi. The locomotor activities or voluntary movements of body are possible due to presence of strong and firm asthi. Along with this asthi dhatu is also responsible for overall strength, endurance, firmness and in general for enthusiasm and longevity of body.  

== References ==

== References ==

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