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== मानवीयाधिकाराणाम् आधारः ॥ Basis of Human Rights ==

== मानवीयाधिकाराणाम् आधारः ॥ Basis of Human Rights ==

Vedas including the Upanishads (Shruti) were the primordial source of ‘Dharma’ which is a compendious term for all the human rights and duties, the observance of which was regarded as essential for securing peace and happiness to individuals as well as the society. The duty to conform to Dharma in acquisition of wealth and fulfillment of desires, has been the injunction of Trivarga to all, which was intended to protect the basic human rights of all. In fact, Bharatiya values regarding human rights evolved on the basis of Trivarga perhaps have the oldest ancestry. And the fundamental rights recognised by the Indian Constitution that intend to protect the dignity of the individual and create conditions in which every human being can develop his personality to the fullest extent represent the basic values cherished by the people of Bharata since the Vedic times.

Vedas including the Upanishads (Shruti) were the primordial source of ‘Dharma’ which is a compendious term for all the human rights and duties, the observance of which was regarded as essential for securing peace and happiness to individuals as well as the society. The duty to conform to Dharma in acquisition of wealth and fulfillment of desires, has been the injunction of Trivarga to all, which was intended to protect the basic human rights of all. In fact, Bharatiya values regarding human rights evolved on the basis of Trivarga perhaps have the oldest ancestry. And the fundamental rights recognised by the Indian Constitution that intend to protect the dignity of the individual and create conditions in which every human being can develop his personality to the fullest extent represent the basic values cherished by the people of Bharata since Vedic times.

=== Duty based rights ===

=== कर्तव्याधारिताः अधिकाराः ॥ Duty based Rights ===

The unique method evolved by the great thinkers who moulded the civilization and culture of India was to secure the rights to every individual by creating a corresponding duty in other individuals. This was, for the reason that they considered that sense of right always emanates from selfishness whereas the sense of duty always generates selflessness. Therefore, every kind of right evolved which became the value of Bharatiya culture was based on the duty of every individual towards other — individuals. For example,  

The unique method, evolved by the great thinkers who moulded the civilization and culture of Bharata, was to secure the rights to every individual by creating a corresponding duty in other individuals. Because they considered that the sense of right always emanates from selfishness whereas the sense of duty always generates selflessness. Therefore, every kind of right that became a value in Bharatiya culture was based on the duty of every individual towards other individuals. For example, the following duties were all created to protect basic human rights viz.

* the duty of parents towards their children, and the duty of sons and/or daughters as the case may be to maintain their parents in old age, and

* duty of parents towards their children and the duty of children to maintain their parents in old age  

* duty of teachers towards their students, duty of students towards their teachers,

* duty of teachers towards their students and duty of students towards their teachers

* duty of every individual in a family towards other individuals in the family and other members of the concerned human society,

* duty of every individual in a family towards other individuals in the family and other members of the concerned human society

* duty of the State towards citizens, duty of the citizens towards the State,  

* duty of the State towards citizens and duty of the citizens towards the State  

were all created to protect the basic human rights. The creation of a duty in one individual necessarily resulted in the creation of right in other individual and the protection of such right.

In fact, creation of a duty in one individual necessarily resulted in the creation of right in other individual and the protection of such right. Therefore, instead of making right as the foundation of social life and establishing a right based society, the ancient philosophers of Bharata preferred to establish a duty-based society where the right given to an individual is the right to perform his duty.<ref name=":0" />

 

Therefore, instead of making right as the foundation of social life and establish a right based society, the ancient philosophers of this land preferred to establish a duty-based society where the right given to an individual is the right to perform his duty.<ref name=":0" />

=== Right to Happiness ===

=== Right to Happiness ===