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== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==

== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==

Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी). As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body, Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the one that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.  

Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी).<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=vaiShNav Sharirasthanam Adhyayam 4 Sutram 33])</ref> As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body, Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the one that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.  

== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==

== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==

Nidra is said to occur due to [[Tamas (तमः)|Tamas]] guna abundance in body while [[Sattva (सत्त्वम्)|Sattva]] guna abundance helps one to wake-up from sleep. Therefore, abundance of these gunas in surroundings during day & night cycle naturally makes one feel sleepy or awakened. [[Rajas (रजः)|Rajas]] guna is responsible for movements of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]]. Manas is the main component of sleep pathway and it should be detached from all the other activities to initiate the sleep process. Excess of rajas constantly involve manas in some sensory or motor activity and thus unregulated movement of manas disturbs the normal pattern of sleep.  

Nidra is said to occur due to [[Tamas (तमः)|Tamas]] guna abundance in body while [[Sattva (सत्त्वम्)|Sattva]] guna abundance helps one to wake-up from sleep.<ref name=":1">Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=hetustama Sharirasthanam Adhyayam 4 Sutram 35])</ref> Therefore, abundance of these gunas in surroundings during day & night cycle naturally makes one feel sleepy or awakened. <blockquote>निद्राहेतुस्तमः, सत्त्वं बोधने हेतुरुच्यते । स्वभाव एव वा हेतुर्गरीयान् परिकीर्त्यते ॥ (Sush Samh 4.35)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote><blockquote>nidrāhetustamaḥ, sattvaṁ bodhane heturucyate । svabhāva eva vā heturgarīyān parikīrtyate ॥ (Sush Samh 4.35)</blockquote>[[Rajas (रजः)|Rajas]] guna is responsible for movements of [[Manas (मनः)|manas]]. Manas is the main component of sleep pathway and it should be detached from all the other activities to initiate the sleep process. Excess of rajas constantly involve manas in some sensory or motor activity and thus unregulated movement of manas disturbs the normal pattern of sleep.  

== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==

== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==

== रात्रौ जागरणम्॥ Ratrau Jagaranam ==

== रात्रौ जागरणम्॥ Ratrau Jagaranam ==

Jagaranam (जागरणम्) means to stay awake or not to sleep. Thus, staying awake at night or not to sleep till late night is known as Ratrau jagaranam. The human body is designed and programmed in such a way that it works in tune with the nature. Thus the biological clock inside human body is set according to day-night cycle in external environment. When its night, the outside environment is dark and cool. It is believed that the darkness is the attribute associated with Tamas or Tamo guna. Thus there is abundance of tamo guna in environment which naturally helps to induce the sleep in humans. An individual sleeps at night due to change in external environment and thus the sleep at night is natural and beneficial. However, if one stays awake at night it is called as Jagaranam. Staying awake late night causes adverse effects. It is said to cause imbalance of doshas and trigger the process of development of various diseases.  

Jagaranam (जागरणम्) means to stay awake. Thus, staying awake at night is known as Ratrau jagaranam (रात्रौ जागरणम्). The human body is designed and programmed in such a way that it works in tune with the nature. Thus the biological clock inside human body is set according to day-night cycle in external environment. When it is night, the outside environment is dark and cool. It is believed that the darkness is the attribute associated with [[Tamas (तमः)|Tamas]] or Tamo guna. Thus there is abundance of tamo guna in environment which naturally helps to induce the sleep in humans. An individual sleeps at night due to change in external environment and thus the sleep at night is natural and beneficial. However, if one stays awake at night it is called as Jagaranam. Staying awake late night causes adverse effects on health. It is said to cause imbalance of [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]]. According to Ayurveda it increases excessive dryness and heat in body which lead to imbalances in . Thus, staying awake at night is listed as cause for multiple diseases.  

== दिवास्वापः॥ Diwaswap ==

== दिवास्वापः॥ Diwaswap ==