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A Panchanga typically gives the microcosmic details of five aspects of the day to day time. They are

A Panchanga typically gives the microcosmic details of five aspects of the day to day time. They are

# तिथिः ॥ Tithi (Lunar Day)

# तिथिः ॥ Tithi (Lunar Day)

# ॥ Vara (Day of the week)

# वारः॥ Vara (Day of the week)

# ॥ Nakshatra (Asterism)

# ॥ Nakshatra (Asterism)

# ॥ Yoga  

# ॥ Yoga  

=== तिथयः ॥ Names of Tithis ===

=== तिथयः ॥ Names of Tithis ===

The tithis or lunar days which make a Chandra Masa have the following names. The fifteenth tithi is called Purnima and the thirtieth tithi is Amavasya as per Panchanga notations.  

The tithis or lunar days which make a Chandra Masa have the following names. The fifteenth tithi is called Purnima and the thirtieth tithi is Amavasya as per Panchanga notations.  

 

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* Day 1 : Pratipat (प्रतिपत्)

* Day 1 : Pratipat (प्रतिपत्)

* Day 13 : Trayodashi (त्रयोदशी)

* Day 13 : Trayodashi (त्रयोदशी)

* Day 14 : Chaturdashi (चतुर्दशी)

* Day 14 : Chaturdashi (चतुर्दशी)

* Day 15 : Paurnami (पौर्णमी)}}The tithis, however, beginning as they do at any hour of the day, do not exactly coincide with solar days, and this gives rise to some little difficulty. The general rule for civil purposes, as well as for some ordinary religious purposes for which no particular time of day happens to be prescribed, is that the tithi current at sunrise of the savana day gives its name and numeral to that day, and is coupled with its week-day. Thus Bhadrapada sukla chaturdasi Sukravara (Friday the i4th of the first or bright fortnight of Bhadrapada) is that civil day at whose sunrise the tithi called the I4th in the bright half or sukla fortnight is current, and its week-day is Friday.<ref>The Indian Calendar (Page 16)</ref>

* Day 15 : Paurnami (पौर्णमी)}}

=== Names of Lunar Months ===

 

=== चान्द्रमासःNames of Lunar Months ===

It has been previously mentioned that Chandramana is a natural unit of time and so also the naming of lunar months is according to the visible changes in the sky. The name of a lunar month is given based on the nakshatra constellation in which the moon is generally present (or near those nakshatras) on the Purnima day (that lies between two Amavasya days in Amamta system). It must be noted that these names have been used since Vedic times for determining the days when Yajnas have to be conducted.   

It has been previously mentioned that Chandramana is a natural unit of time and so also the naming of lunar months is according to the visible changes in the sky. The name of a lunar month is given based on the nakshatra constellation in which the moon is generally present (or near those nakshatras) on the Purnima day (that lies between two Amavasya days in Amamta system). It must be noted that these names have been used since Vedic times for determining the days when Yajnas have to be conducted.   

# Phalguna (फाल्गुणमासः) : Nakshatra = Purvaphalguni or Uttaraphalguni}}

# Phalguna (फाल्गुणमासः) : Nakshatra = Purvaphalguni or Uttaraphalguni}}

== Vara - Day of the Week ==

== वारः ॥ Vara - Day of the Week ==

Vara (वारम्) Vasara (वासरः) or weekdays are seven as in common knowledge globally, are based on sunrise. They are named after their adhipatis or specific planetary rulers as follows

Vara (वारः) Vasara (वासरः) or weekdays are seven as in common knowledge globally, are based on sunrise. They are named after their adhipatis or specific planetary rulers as follows

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Surya Siddhanta (11.78) mentions how the days of the week have specific rulers in the given succession. The Sun who is fourth from Saturn is the ruler of the 1st day; the Moon, who is the fourth from the Sun is the ruler of 2nd day; Mars, the fourth from the Moon is the ruler of the 3rd day and so on.

Surya Siddhanta (11.78) mentions how the days of the week have specific rulers in the given succession. The Sun who is fourth from Saturn is the ruler of the 1st day; the Moon, who is the fourth from the Sun is the ruler of 2nd day; Mars, the fourth from the Moon is the ruler of the 3rd day and so on.

== Nakshatras - Asterism ==

== नक्षत्राणि॥ Nakshatras - Asterism ==

[[File:Nakshatras and their longitudes.PNG|thumb|486x486px|Nakshatras and their range of nirayana longitudes]]

[[File:Nakshatras and their longitudes.PNG|thumb|486x486px|Nakshatras and their range of nirayana longitudes]]

[[Nakshatras (नक्षत्राणि)|Nakshatras]] refer to the 27th part of the ecliptic and thus each nakshatra spans '''13°20′.''' The time which the moon (whose motion continually varies in speed) or any other heavenly body requires to travel over the 27th part of the ecliptic is also called a nakshatra.<ref name=":2" />

[[Nakshatras (नक्षत्राणि)|Nakshatras]] refer to the 27th part of the ecliptic and thus each nakshatra spans '''13°20′.''' The time which the moon (whose motion continually varies in speed) or any other heavenly body requires to travel over the 27th part of the ecliptic is also called a nakshatra.<ref name=":2" />

Each nakshatra was named after the most prominently visible star (called yogatara or junction star) contained within its range. Each nakshatra is divided into four equal parts, each part being called Pada (quarter) each of 3'''°'''20'. Thus, totally 108 (27x4) nakshatra padas constitute the rashis (zodiac). These 108 padas are equally distributed into 12 Rashis or Zodiac signs so that each rashi consists of 9 padas.

Each nakshatra was named after the most prominently visible star (called yogatara or junction star) contained within its range. Each nakshatra is divided into four equal parts, each part being called Pada (quarter) each of 3'''°'''20'. Thus, totally 108 (27x4) nakshatra padas constitute the rashis (zodiac). These 108 padas are equally distributed into 12 Rashis or Zodiac signs so that each rashi consists of 9 padas.

== Yoga ==

== योगः॥ Yoga ==

The period of time during which the joint motion in longitude or the sum of the motions, of the sun and moon is increased by 13'''°'''20', is called Yoga, lit. "addition". The sum of the nirayana longitudes of the Sun and Moon divided into 27 equal divisions is called as Yogas. There are 27 yogas

The period of time during which the joint motion in longitude or the sum of the motions, of the sun and moon is increased by 13'''°'''20', is called Yoga, or "addition" in this aspect. The sum of the nirayana longitudes of the Sun and Moon divided into 27 equal divisions is called as Yogas. There are 27 yogas.

 

 

 

 

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Vedangas]]

[[Category:Vedangas]]

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