Changes

=== Plantation ===

=== Plantation ===

It includes sowing of seeds of different kinds in grid-pattered furrows and the methodology adopted for rotation of crops. Reaping, threshing, winnowing and storing are the post-cultivating processes, noticed from the period of the Rigveda. The Rigveda (10.101) presents a picturesque description from ploughing to reaping inclusive of irrigation. All the operations were carried out with laudatory song to the Visvadevas. Reaping was done with the help of sickle (srni) when the corns ripe. Thrashing the bundles of grain-stalks on the floor of granary (khala) and winnowing in winnowing-baskets (sthivi) were the different post sowing operations mentioned in the Rigveda. The Atharvaveda refers to winnowing fan (surpa) in this connection. Grains (here barley) were stored in a vessel (urdara).<ref name=":3" />  

It includes sowing of seeds of different kinds in grid-pattered furrows and the methodology adopted for rotation of crops. Reaping, threshing, winnowing and storing are the post-cultivating processes, noticed from the period of the Rigveda. The Rigveda (10.101) presents a picturesque description from ploughing to reaping inclusive of irrigation. All the operations were carried out with laudatory song to the Visvadevas. Reaping was done with the help of sickle (srni) when the corns ripe. Thrashing the bundles of grain-stalks on the floor of granary (khala) and winnowing in winnowing-baskets (sthivi) were the different post sowing operations mentioned in the Rigveda. The Atharvaveda refers to winnowing fan (surpa) in this connection. Grains (here barley) were stored in a vessel (urdara).<ref name=":3" />

The following points highlight the knowledge presented in ancient texts regarding various plant species and  propagation methods.<ref name=":1" />  

The following points highlight the knowledge presented in ancient texts regarding various plant species and  propagation methods.<ref name=":1" />  

* '''Knowledge of kinds of plants''': Plants (called as padapa, because they "drink" through their roots) in general, include big trees (vanaspati), trees (druma), creepers (lata) and thickets (gulma)

* '''Knowledge of kinds of plants''': Plants (called as padapa, because they "drink" through their roots) in general, include big trees (vanaspati), trees (druma), creepers (lata) and thickets (gulma)

* '''Scientific processes''' involved in soaking seeds in any solution enables removal of decayed seeds by floating.  Application of honey, butter etc protects the seed from insects and diseases, application of cow dung is expected to help germination as it contains many required minerals and microbes.

* '''Scientific processes''' involved in soaking seeds in any solution enables removal of decayed seeds by floating.  Application of honey, butter etc protects the seed from insects and diseases, application of cow dung is expected to help germination as it contains many required minerals and microbes.

=== Crop Specimens ===

==== Crop Specimens ====

A host of crops scattered in the Yajurvedic texts show the presence of cereals, legumes, oil seeds, fibrous plants, fruit crops and green vegetables.<ref name=":3">Roy, Mira. ''[https://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol44_4_2_MRoy.pdf Agriculture in the Vedic Period.]'' Indian Journal of History of Science, 44.4 (2009) 497-520</ref>  

A host of crops scattered in the Yajurvedic texts show the presence of cereals, legumes, oil seeds, fibrous plants, fruit crops and green vegetables.<ref name=":3">Roy, Mira. ''[https://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol44_4_2_MRoy.pdf Agriculture in the Vedic Period.]'' Indian Journal of History of Science, 44.4 (2009) 497-520</ref>  

* '''Cereals''':   

* '''Cereals''':