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Dharmawiki:Selected anniversaries/July 20 (view source)
Revision as of 00:40, 21 July 2018
, 00:40, 21 July 20181 revision imported
<noinclude>{{../doc}}
{{divhide|Staging area}}
==Images==
Use only ONE image at a time
<gallery>
File:History of Korea-1592-1597.svg|Map of the Japanese capture of Pyongyang and the Korean and Chinese counter-attacks
File:Busanjinsunjeoldo.jpg|Japanese landing on Busan, Korea
File:Apollo 11 bootprint.jpg|Buzz Aldrin's bootprint on the moon
File:Aldrin Apollo 11.jpg|Buzz Aldrin on the moon, with Neil Armstrong reflected in his helmet
File:Tegetthoff-lithographie.jpg|Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
File:Viking lander model.jpg|Viking 1 lander replica
File:Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg small.jpg|Claus von Stauffenberg
File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10,_Hitler-Attentat,_20._Juli_1944.jpg|Destroyed 'Wolf's Lair' conference room
File:Gedenkkranz_im_Bendler-Block.jpg|Memorial plaque in Berlin
File:Pyreolophore.JPG|The Niépce brothers' Pyréolophore
File:ARROYO SECO PARKWAY AND SOUTH SIDE OF YORK BOULEVARD BRIDGE. NOTE CENTER ISLAND WITH PALM TREES. LOOKING 42°NE. - Arroyo Seco Parkway, York Boulevard Bridge, HAER CAL,19-LOSAN,83W-11 (CT).tif|Arroyo Seco Parkway and York Boulevard Bridge
</gallery>
==Ineligible==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Blurb
!Reason
|-
| [[1402]] – Forces under [[Timur]] defeated the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in the '''[[Battle of Ankara]]''' and captured Sultan {{nowrap|[[Bayezid I]]}}.
| needs more footnotes
|-
| [[1592]] – During the '''[[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)|Japanese invasion of Korea]]''', Japanese forces led by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] captured [[Pyongyang]], although they were ultimately unable to hold it.
| unreferenced section
|-
| [[1866]] – [[Third Italian War of Independence]]: The [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] Navy <!-- No [[Austria-Hungary]] till 1867. --> led by [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]] defeated a much larger [[Regia Marina|Italian fleet]] at the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Battle of Lissa]]''' on the [[Adriatic Sea]] near present-day [[Vis (island)|Vis]], Croatia.
| needs more footnotes
|-
| [[1927]] – Five-year-old '''[[Michael I of Romania|Michael]]''' became the last [[King of Romania]] upon the death of his grandfather [[Ferdinand of Romania|Ferdinand]].
| featured on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December 30|December 30]]
|-
| [[1951]] – '''[[Abdullah I of Jordan]]''' was assassinated while visiting [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] in [[Jerusalem]] by a Palestinian gunman who feared he might make peace with Israel.
| appears on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/May 25|May 25]]
|-
| [[1992]] – [[President of Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak President]] '''[[Václav Havel]]''' resigned, saying that he would not preside over [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|the country's breakup]].
| refimprove sections
|-
| [[2005]] – The '''[[Civil Marriage Act]]''' received its [[Royal Assent]], legalizing [[same-sex marriage in Canada]].
| refimprove section
|}
==Eligible==
* [[1779]] – '''[[Tekle Giyorgis I]]''' began the first of his six reigns as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].
* [[1936]] – The '''[[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits]]''' was signed in [[Montreux]], Switzerland, allowing Turkey to fortify the [[Dardanelles]] and the [[Bosphorus]] but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
* [[1940]] – The '''[[Arroyo Seco Parkway]]''', one of the first freeways built in the United States, opened to traffic, connecting [[downtown Los Angeles]] with [[Pasadena, California]].
* [[1944]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] survived '''[[20 July plot|an assassination attempt]]''' by [[German Resistance]] member [[Claus von Stauffenberg]], who hid a bomb inside a briefcase during a conference at the [[Wolfsschanze]] military headquarters in [[East Prussia]].
* [[1969]] – The '''''[[Apollo 11]]''''' [[Apollo Lunar Module|lunar module]] landed on the [[Mare Tranquillitatis|Sea of Tranquillity]], where [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] became the first men to [[List of spacewalks and moonwalks|walk on the moon]] six-and-a-half hours later.
* [[1976]] – The '''[[Viking 1]]''' [[lander (spacecraft)|lander]] became the first spacecraft to successfully land on [[Mars]] and perform its mission.
* [[1982]] – Members of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] '''[[Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings|detonated two bombs]]''' in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] and [[Regent's Park]] in London, killing 11 people, 7 horses, and wounding over 50 other people.
* [[1987]] – '''[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 598]]''' was adopted, calling for an immediate ceasefire in the [[Iran–Iraq War]].
* [[1997]] – After being fully restored, '''{{USS|Constitution}}'''<!--[[USS Constitution]]-->, one of the [[Original six frigates of the United States Navy|United States Navy's first ships]], sailed for the first time in 116 years.
* [[1999]] – The Chinese government began '''[[Persecution of Falun Gong|a persecution campaign]]''' against [[Falun Gong]], arresting thousands nationwide.
* [[2012]] – Gunman [[James Holmes (mass murderer)|James Holmes]] '''[[2012 Aurora shooting|opened fire]]''' at a movie theater in [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S., killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
* Born/died this day: '''[[Gregor Mendel]]''' (b. 1822){{·}} '''[[Amanda Clement]]''' (d. 1971)
==Notes==
* [[Neil Armstrong]]/[[Buzz Aldrin]] featured on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July 21|July 21]], so Apollo 11 should not be used in the same year
{{divhide|end}}
</noinclude>
'''[[July 20]]''': [[List of national independence days|Independence Day]] in '''[[Colombia]]''' ([[1810]])
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img">
{{main page image|File:Korea Special Olympics Opening 41 (8444438650).jpg|Special Olympics athletes in 2013}}
</div>
* [[792]] – [[Byzantine–Bulgarian wars]]: Bulgarian forces under [[Kardam of Bulgaria|Kardam]] '''[[Battle of Marcellae|routed]]''' the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], forcing them to retreat to [[Constantinople]].
* [[1807]] – French brothers [[Claude Niépce|Claude]] and [[Nicéphore Niépce]] received a patent for their '''[[Pyréolophore]]'''<!-- ''(diagram pictured)''-->, one of the world's first [[internal combustion engine]]s.
* [[1922]] – The German protectorate of '''[[Togoland]]''' was divided into the [[League of Nations mandate]]s of [[French Togoland]] and [[British Togoland]].
* [[1968]] – The first '''[[Special Olympics]]''' games ''(athletes at 2013 games pictured)'' were held at [[Soldier Field]] in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
* [[2001]] – Twenty-three-year-old Italian anti-globalist Carlo Giuliani '''[[Death of Carlo Giuliani|was shot dead]]''' by a police officer while protesting during the [[27th G8 summit]] in [[Genoa]], Italy.
'''[[Ibn Muqla]]''' (d. 940){{·}} '''[[Patriarch Miron of Romania|Miron Cristea]]''' (b. 1868) {{·}} '''[[Chris Cornell]]''' (b. 1964)
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=July|Day=20}}
<noinclude>
</noinclude>
{{divhide|Staging area}}
==Images==
Use only ONE image at a time
<gallery>
File:History of Korea-1592-1597.svg|Map of the Japanese capture of Pyongyang and the Korean and Chinese counter-attacks
File:Busanjinsunjeoldo.jpg|Japanese landing on Busan, Korea
File:Apollo 11 bootprint.jpg|Buzz Aldrin's bootprint on the moon
File:Aldrin Apollo 11.jpg|Buzz Aldrin on the moon, with Neil Armstrong reflected in his helmet
File:Tegetthoff-lithographie.jpg|Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
File:Viking lander model.jpg|Viking 1 lander replica
File:Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg small.jpg|Claus von Stauffenberg
File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-025-10,_Hitler-Attentat,_20._Juli_1944.jpg|Destroyed 'Wolf's Lair' conference room
File:Gedenkkranz_im_Bendler-Block.jpg|Memorial plaque in Berlin
File:Pyreolophore.JPG|The Niépce brothers' Pyréolophore
File:ARROYO SECO PARKWAY AND SOUTH SIDE OF YORK BOULEVARD BRIDGE. NOTE CENTER ISLAND WITH PALM TREES. LOOKING 42°NE. - Arroyo Seco Parkway, York Boulevard Bridge, HAER CAL,19-LOSAN,83W-11 (CT).tif|Arroyo Seco Parkway and York Boulevard Bridge
</gallery>
==Ineligible==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Blurb
!Reason
|-
| [[1402]] – Forces under [[Timur]] defeated the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in the '''[[Battle of Ankara]]''' and captured Sultan {{nowrap|[[Bayezid I]]}}.
| needs more footnotes
|-
| [[1592]] – During the '''[[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98)|Japanese invasion of Korea]]''', Japanese forces led by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] captured [[Pyongyang]], although they were ultimately unable to hold it.
| unreferenced section
|-
| [[1866]] – [[Third Italian War of Independence]]: The [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] Navy <!-- No [[Austria-Hungary]] till 1867. --> led by [[Wilhelm von Tegetthoff]] defeated a much larger [[Regia Marina|Italian fleet]] at the '''[[Battle of Lissa (1866)|Battle of Lissa]]''' on the [[Adriatic Sea]] near present-day [[Vis (island)|Vis]], Croatia.
| needs more footnotes
|-
| [[1927]] – Five-year-old '''[[Michael I of Romania|Michael]]''' became the last [[King of Romania]] upon the death of his grandfather [[Ferdinand of Romania|Ferdinand]].
| featured on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December 30|December 30]]
|-
| [[1951]] – '''[[Abdullah I of Jordan]]''' was assassinated while visiting [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] in [[Jerusalem]] by a Palestinian gunman who feared he might make peace with Israel.
| appears on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/May 25|May 25]]
|-
| [[1992]] – [[President of Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak President]] '''[[Václav Havel]]''' resigned, saying that he would not preside over [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|the country's breakup]].
| refimprove sections
|-
| [[2005]] – The '''[[Civil Marriage Act]]''' received its [[Royal Assent]], legalizing [[same-sex marriage in Canada]].
| refimprove section
|}
==Eligible==
* [[1779]] – '''[[Tekle Giyorgis I]]''' began the first of his six reigns as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].
* [[1936]] – The '''[[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits]]''' was signed in [[Montreux]], Switzerland, allowing Turkey to fortify the [[Dardanelles]] and the [[Bosphorus]] but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
* [[1940]] – The '''[[Arroyo Seco Parkway]]''', one of the first freeways built in the United States, opened to traffic, connecting [[downtown Los Angeles]] with [[Pasadena, California]].
* [[1944]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] survived '''[[20 July plot|an assassination attempt]]''' by [[German Resistance]] member [[Claus von Stauffenberg]], who hid a bomb inside a briefcase during a conference at the [[Wolfsschanze]] military headquarters in [[East Prussia]].
* [[1969]] – The '''''[[Apollo 11]]''''' [[Apollo Lunar Module|lunar module]] landed on the [[Mare Tranquillitatis|Sea of Tranquillity]], where [[Neil Armstrong]] and [[Buzz Aldrin]] became the first men to [[List of spacewalks and moonwalks|walk on the moon]] six-and-a-half hours later.
* [[1976]] – The '''[[Viking 1]]''' [[lander (spacecraft)|lander]] became the first spacecraft to successfully land on [[Mars]] and perform its mission.
* [[1982]] – Members of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] '''[[Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings|detonated two bombs]]''' in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] and [[Regent's Park]] in London, killing 11 people, 7 horses, and wounding over 50 other people.
* [[1987]] – '''[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 598]]''' was adopted, calling for an immediate ceasefire in the [[Iran–Iraq War]].
* [[1997]] – After being fully restored, '''{{USS|Constitution}}'''<!--[[USS Constitution]]-->, one of the [[Original six frigates of the United States Navy|United States Navy's first ships]], sailed for the first time in 116 years.
* [[1999]] – The Chinese government began '''[[Persecution of Falun Gong|a persecution campaign]]''' against [[Falun Gong]], arresting thousands nationwide.
* [[2012]] – Gunman [[James Holmes (mass murderer)|James Holmes]] '''[[2012 Aurora shooting|opened fire]]''' at a movie theater in [[Aurora, Colorado]], U.S., killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
* Born/died this day: '''[[Gregor Mendel]]''' (b. 1822){{·}} '''[[Amanda Clement]]''' (d. 1971)
==Notes==
* [[Neil Armstrong]]/[[Buzz Aldrin]] featured on [[Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/July 21|July 21]], so Apollo 11 should not be used in the same year
{{divhide|end}}
</noinclude>
'''[[July 20]]''': [[List of national independence days|Independence Day]] in '''[[Colombia]]''' ([[1810]])
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img">
{{main page image|File:Korea Special Olympics Opening 41 (8444438650).jpg|Special Olympics athletes in 2013}}
</div>
* [[792]] – [[Byzantine–Bulgarian wars]]: Bulgarian forces under [[Kardam of Bulgaria|Kardam]] '''[[Battle of Marcellae|routed]]''' the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], forcing them to retreat to [[Constantinople]].
* [[1807]] – French brothers [[Claude Niépce|Claude]] and [[Nicéphore Niépce]] received a patent for their '''[[Pyréolophore]]'''<!-- ''(diagram pictured)''-->, one of the world's first [[internal combustion engine]]s.
* [[1922]] – The German protectorate of '''[[Togoland]]''' was divided into the [[League of Nations mandate]]s of [[French Togoland]] and [[British Togoland]].
* [[1968]] – The first '''[[Special Olympics]]''' games ''(athletes at 2013 games pictured)'' were held at [[Soldier Field]] in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
* [[2001]] – Twenty-three-year-old Italian anti-globalist Carlo Giuliani '''[[Death of Carlo Giuliani|was shot dead]]''' by a police officer while protesting during the [[27th G8 summit]] in [[Genoa]], Italy.
'''[[Ibn Muqla]]''' (d. 940){{·}} '''[[Patriarch Miron of Romania|Miron Cristea]]''' (b. 1868) {{·}} '''[[Chris Cornell]]''' (b. 1964)
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=July|Day=20}}
<noinclude>
</noinclude>