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=== Eligibility ===
=== Eligibility ===
Those who simply memorized the texts of Vedas, without understanding the meaning and without following the rules of conduct prescribed for a Brahmachari, were excluded from the right of performance.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>अन्यो वेदपाठी न तस्य स्नानम्। (M.G.S. 1.2.3)</blockquote>However, according to Vishnu, some people were compulsorily required to lead the life of a Brahmachari on physical grounds. They were the hump-backed, the blind by birth, the impotent, the lame and the diseased. <blockquote>कुब्जवामनजात्यन्धक्लीबपङग्वार्तरोगिणाम्। व्रतचय भवेत्तेषां यावज्जीवमानशतः।</blockquote>They did not perform their Samavartana because Vivaha was not possible in their case.<ref name=":1" />
Those who simply memorized the texts of Vedas, without understanding the meaning and without following the rules of conduct prescribed for a Brahmachari, were excluded from the right of performance.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>अन्यो वेदपाठी न तस्य स्नानम्। (M.G.S. 1.2.3)</blockquote>However, according to Vishnu, some people were compulsorily required to lead the life of a Brahmachari on physical grounds. They were the hump-backed, the blind by birth, the impotent, the lame and the diseased. <blockquote>कुब्जवामनजात्यन्धक्लीबपङग्वार्तरोगिणाम्। व्रतचय भवेत्तेषां यावज्जीवमानशतः।</blockquote>They did not perform their Samavartana because Vivaha was not possible in their case.<ref name=":1" />
Thus in the beginning only those who passed their educational course were admitted to the samavartana and those who finished their education were allowed to take their ceremonial bath.
=== Importance ===
=== Importance ===
॥ Naishtika : Stay back in the gurukula and live serving the masters in quest of knowledge of Self, thereby taking retirement from the world.
॥ Naishtika : Stay back in the gurukula and live serving the masters in quest of knowledge of Self, thereby taking retirement from the world.
A majority of students followed the normal course of life and took up the life of a grhastha, a very few preferred the Naistika Brahmacharya.
== Procedure ==
== Procedure ==
=== समावर्तनम् (स्नातकम्) and विवाहः - व्यवहित or अव्यवहित ॥ Snataka and Marriage - Paused or Contiguous Events ===
=== समावर्तनम् (स्नातकम्) and विवाहः - व्यवहित or अव्यवहित ॥ Snataka and Marriage - Paused or Contiguous Events ===
A lot of confusion prevails as to the conduct of Samavartana and Marriage.
==== Without Pause ====
आचार्याय प्रियं धनमाहृत्य प्रजातन्तुं मा व्यवच्छेत्सीः -- '''तैतिरीयोपनिषत् - शिक्षावल्ली'''
Having offered गुरुदक्षिणा , get married and see that you won't cut off the chain of progeny .
स्नात्वा भार्यामुपेयात् ।
वेदं पारं नीत्वा इत्यर्थवगतिरपि विवक्षिता ।
वेदानधीत्य वेदौ वा वेदं वापि यथाक्रमम्
अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यो गृहस्थाश्रममावसेत् ॥ -- '''मनुस्मृतिः , 3-2'''
अधीत्य चाधिगम्यार्थं ततः स्नायात् ।
जायमानो ह वै ब्राह्मणः त्रिभिः ऋणवान् जायते ब्रह्मचर्येण ऋषिभ्यः यज्ञेन देवेभ्यः प्रजया पित्रुभ्यः -- '''तैत्तिरीयसंहिता ।'''
अनधीत्य द्विजो वेदान् अनुत्पाद्य तथा सुतान् ।
अनिष्ट्वा चैव यज्ञांश्च मोक्षमिच्छन् व्रजत्यधः ॥ ''' मनुस्म्रुतिः 6-36'''
वेदमधीत्य स्नायात् गुरुकुलात् मा समवर्तिष्ट इत्यदृष्टार्थतापरिहरायैव -- '''शाबरभाष्यम् , 1-1'''
The above are two sentences - says Kumarila ( '''श्लोकवार्तिकम् - प्रत्यक्षसूत्रम् , 105''')
'''गुरुगेहदनावृत्तः स्नातको हि न कथ्यते ।'''
'''तत्परत्वविधानाच्च न तवत् दारसङ्ग्रहः ॥ श्लो वा , प्रत्यक्ष . 103-104'''
'''All the above stand for विवाह after समावर्तनम् । No insistence on performance of समवर्तनम् and विवाह without pause.'''
वेदमधीत्य स्नास्यन् प्रागुदयात् व्रजं प्रविश्य अन्तर्लोम्ना चर्मणा द्वारमपिधाय आस्ते -- '''आपस्तम्बगृह्यसूत्रम् , 5-12-1'''
रतिना सम्भाष्य यथार्थं गच्छति --- '''आप् गृ सू , 5-12-14'''
'''Having discussed with a friend , the student would go to an आश्रम (गार्हस्थ्यम् , वानप्रस्थम् , संन्यासः ) as he likes .'''
'''सुदर्शनतात्पर्यदर्शनम् --'''
रातिः मित्रम् , रमयतीति व्युत्पत्त्या । तेन सह विस्रब्धः संभाष्य आत्मशक्त्याद्यनुरूपं धर्मादिकं विचार्य निश्चित्य । यथार्थं गच्छति तेन रातिना सह यो’र्थः धर्मो मोक्षो वा साध्यत्वेन अवधृतः तदनुरूपम् आश्रमं गार्हस्थ्यं मौनं वा प्रतिपद्यते । एवं च ब्रह्मचर्यादेव प्रव्रजतो’पि सम्भाषणान्तं स्नानं कृत्वैव प्रव्रज्या ।
Therefore one cannot claim that both समावर्तनम् and विवाह are अव्यवहित । May be it is their convenience .
== दीक्षाप्रवचनम् ॥ Addressing the Students ==
== दीक्षाप्रवचनम् ॥ Addressing the Students ==