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→Ownership: added content and citations
==== Maintain Secrecy ====
==== Maintain Secrecy ====
According to Yajnavalkya, the reward of making gifts secretly, possessing knowledge without having pride and engaging in japa without others noticing it is infinite. Devala says sacrifice, gift and study lose their power and perish by being declared to others, by boasting about them or by repenting of having done them. Therefore, one should not without good reason proclaim one's meritorious act.
According to Yajnavalkya, the reward of making gifts secretly, possessing knowledge without having pride and engaging in japa without others noticing it is infinite. Devala says sacrifice, gift and study lose their power and perish by being declared to others, by boasting about them or by repenting of having done them. Therefore, one should not without good reason proclaim one's meritorious act.<ref name=":12" />
==== Ownership ====
==== Property ====
Jaimini (6.7.1 to7) establishes several propositions namely - a donor can gift only those objects that he owns and has earned them by just means. He cannot make a gift of what one's relatives (parents, sons and others) own in the Visvajit yaga among other things. Narada
Jaimini (6.7.1 to7) establishes several propositions namely - a donor can gift only those objects that he owns and has earned them by just means. He cannot make a gift of what one's relatives (parents, sons and others) own in the Visvajit yaga among other things.<ref name=":12" /> Yajnavalkya Smriti (2.175) states
: स्वं कुटुम्बाविरोधेन देयं दारसुतादृते इति । <ref>Yajnavalkya Smriti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Vyavahara Adhyaya Dattapradanika Prakarana])</ref>
Meaning : One's property may be given as gift without detriment to the family.<ref name=":2">Justice M. Rama Jois. (First Ed: 1984 Reprint: 2010) ''Legal and Constitutional History of India - Ancient Legal, Judicial and Constitutional System.'' New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
Narada Smriti (Dattapradanika) also says that the donor has to provide for his family and part of the remaining income can be given as gift.<ref name=":2" /> <blockquote>कुटुम्बभरणाद्द्रव्यं यत्किंचिदतिरिच्यते । तद्देयं उपहृत्यान्यद्ददद्दोषं अवाप्नुयात् । । ४.०६ । ।<ref>Narada Smriti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Vyavaharapadani Dattapradanikam])</ref></blockquote>Meaning : After providing for maintenance of the family, only the remainder alone may be given (as gift). By giving away more than that, the owner incurs censure.
Manu summarizes this aspect by saying
शक्तः परजने दाता स्वजने दुःखजीविनि । मध्वापातो विषास्वादः स धर्मप्रतिरूपकः । । ११.९ (Manu. Smri. 11.9)
The charity of him who has wealth enough to make gifts to strangers, when his own people live a life of misery, is only a false imitation of dharma, ot is at first like honey but will taste like poison (later).<ref name=":12" />
Hemadri quotes Sivadharma to the effect that a man should set apart three parts out of five from his acquisitions for himself and his family and two parts for dharma as life is evanescent.
== Guidelines for a Donor ==
== Guidelines for a Donor ==
Manusmriti (3.98) also gives a similar instruction to the donor.
Manusmriti (3.98) also gives a similar instruction to the donor.
== References ==
== References ==