Changes

Meaning : Sarama gave birth to Dyuloka and Laloha.(Page 474 of Reference 4<ref name=":1" />)  

Meaning : Sarama gave birth to Dyuloka and Laloha.(Page 474 of Reference 4<ref name=":1" />)  

== Legend of  Sarama ==

== Legend of  Sarama ==

Panis are basically tradesmen who were prominent class of people along with Dasyus and Asuras, intelligent, powerful having a materialistic outlook. Nirukta describes them as tightfisted, shrewd business-minded people with no regard for yajnas and charity. The conflict between Indra and Panis was mainly due to the refusal of Panis to contribute Dana and Dakshina for Yajna. Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property.<ref>Prasad, Prakash Charan. (1977) ''[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RSW8az3Q_dEC&lpg=PA7&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India.]'' New Delhi : Abhinav Publications</ref> RigVeda (10.108)<ref>Rig Veda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE Mandala 10, Sukta 108])</ref> describes the legendary theft of the divine cows and the quest of देवशुनी सरमा to locate them. A conversation between [[Sarama and Pani Samvaada (सरमापणिसंवादः)|Sarama and Panis]] takes place after she crosses the Rasa river, where the Panis hide the cows in the caves. <ref>Satavalekar, Pt. Sripada Damodara. (1985) ''[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/Rigveda_Subodh_Bhasya_Vol_IV/#book/501 Rigved ka subodh bhasya, Volume 4.]'' Paradi : Svadhyaya Mandal</ref>

Panis are basically tradesmen who were prominent class of people along with Dasyus and [[Asura|Asuras]], intelligent, powerful having a materialistic outlook. [[Nirukta]] describes them as tightfisted, shrewd business-minded people with no regard for [[Yagya (यज्ञ)|yajnas]] (यज्ञ-s) and charity. The conflict between Indra and Panis was mainly due to the refusal of Panis to contribute to Dana (दानम्) and Dakshina (दक्षिणा) for Yajna. Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property.<ref>Prasad, Prakash Charan. (1977) ''[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RSW8az3Q_dEC&lpg=PA7&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India.]'' New Delhi : Abhinav Publications</ref> Rigveda (10.108)<ref>Rig Veda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE Mandala 10, Sukta 108])</ref> describes the legendary theft of the divine cows and the quest of Devashuni Sarama to locate them. A conversation between [[Sarama Pani Samvada (सरमापणिसंवादः)|Sarama and Panis]] takes place after she crosses the Rasa (रसा) river, where the Panis hide the cows in the caves. <ref>Satavalekar, Pt. Sripada Damodara. (1985) ''[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/Rigveda_Subodh_Bhasya_Vol_IV/#book/501 Rigved ka subodh bhasya, Volume 4.]'' Paradi : Svadhyaya Mandal</ref>

In the Rigveda mantra Sarama is glorified thus<blockquote>विश्वे अस्या व्युषि माहिनायाः सं यद्गोभिरङ्गिरसो नवन्त | उत्स आसां परमे सधस्थ ऋतस्य पथा सरमा विदद्गाः || (Rig Veda 5.45.8)<ref name=":2">Rig Veda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AB.%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB Mandala 5, Sukta 45])</ref></blockquote>'''Meaning''' : During the dawn hours when the sacred Usha rises along with her rays, all Angirasas took the milk flowing from cow’s udders and placed it at a lofty position to offer in yajnas. Sarama by traveling on the path of the yajna with the knowledge of ऋत || rta recognized and found the cows.  

In the Rigveda mantra Sarama is glorified thus,<blockquote>विश्वे अस्या व्युषि माहिनायाः सं यद्गोभिरङ्गिरसो नवन्त | उत्स आसां परमे सधस्थ ऋतस्य पथा सरमा विदद्गाः || (Rig Veda 5.45.8)<ref name=":2">Rig Veda ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AB.%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB Mandala 5, Sukta 45])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>viśve asyā vyuṣi māhināyāḥ saṃ yadgobhiraṅgiraso navanta | utsa āsāṃ parame sadhastha ṛtasya pathā saramā vidadgāḥ || (Rig Veda 5.45.8)</blockquote>'''Meaning''' : During the dawn hours when the sacred Usha rises along with her rays, all Angirasas took the milk flowing from cow’s udders and placed it at a lofty position to offer in yajnas. Sarama by traveling on the path of the yajna with the knowledge of [[Rta (ऋतम्)|rta]] (ऋतम्) recognized and found the cows.  

'''Esoteric Meaning''' :Here the cows are considered as transcendental knowledge and their moving about for grazing during उषः काल || ushah kala (morning hours) is called the time for ज्ञानोदय || jnanodaya (awakening of knowledge). For Angirasa to receive this knowledge, Sarama was very important and Sarama moves on into the path of rtasatya, (satyavrita) with greater speed and ahead of everyone she was able to locate the cows. This is Sarama’s rta path or the path of truth. She who moves very fast can understand the deepest place where ज्ञान || jnana (wisdom) is hidden through fragrance (sruthi is compared to fragrance).<ref name=":3">Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.</ref>  

'''Esoteric Meaning''' :Here, the cows are considered as transcendental knowledge and their moving about for grazing during usha kala (उषः कालः | morning hours) is called the time for jnanodaya (ज्ञानोदयः | awakening of knowledge). For Angirasa, to receive this knowledge, Sarama was very important and Sarama moves on into the path of rtasatya (ऋतसत्यम्) with greater speed and ahead of everyone she (सत्यवृत्ता । satyavrtta) was able to locate the cows. This is Sarama’s rta path or the path of truth. She who moves very fast can understand the deepest place where jnana (ज्ञानम् | wisdom) is hidden through fragrance (shruti is compared to fragrance).<ref name=":3">Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.</ref>  

In the previous mantra, Sarama and her work is explained <blockquote>अनूनोदत्र हस्तयतो अद्रिरार्चन्येन दश मासो नवग्वाः । ऋतं यती सरमा गा अविन्दद्विश्वानि सत्याङ्गिराश्चकार ॥७॥ (Rig Veda 5.45.7)<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>'''Meaning''' : Here, urged by hands, loudly rang the pressing stone (using which Somarasa is prepared) which was worshipped by Navagvas by offering archana and singing songs of praise for ten months. In this yajna, Sarama obtained the knowledge of the songs, and Angiras gave effect to all their labors.<ref name=":3" />

In the previous mantra, Sarama and her work is explained. <blockquote>अनूनोदत्र हस्तयतो अद्रिरार्चन्येन दश मासो नवग्वाः । ऋतं यती सरमा गा अविन्दद्विश्वानि सत्याङ्गिराश्चकार ॥७॥ (Rig Veda 5.45.7)<ref name=":2" /></blockquote><blockquote>anūnodatra hastayato adrirārcanyena daśa māso navagvāḥ । ṛtaṃ yatī saramā gā avindadviśvāni satyāṅgirāścakāra ॥7॥ (Rig Veda 5.45.7)</blockquote>'''Meaning''' : Here, urged by hands, loudly rang the pressing stone (using which Somarasa | सोमरसः is prepared) which was worshipped by Navagvas by offering archana (अर्चना) and singing songs of praise for ten months. In this yajna, Sarama obtained the knowledge of the songs, and Angiras gave effect to all their labors.<ref name=":3" />

== Loyalty of Sarama ==

== Loyalty of Sarama ==